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78 results for “Felis”
Camera trap image of Felis silvestris catus (2018-11-08T05:14:59Z)
Camera Trap Image taken in <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Camera trap image of Felis silvestris catus (2018-02-01T13:01:01Z)
Camera Trap Image taken in <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Identification of microbial taxa present in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) reveals widespread co-infection and associations with vector phylogeny
<p><strong>Background </strong></p> <p><em>Ctenocephalides</em> <em>felis</em>, the cat flea, is the most common ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide. As a cause of flea allergy dermatitis and a vector for two genera of zoonotic pathogens (<em>Bartonella</em> and <em>Rickettsia</em> spp.), the effect of the <em>C</em>. felis <em>microbiome</em> on pathogen transmission and vector survival is of substantial medical importance to both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assay the pathogenic and commensal eubacterial microbial communities of individual <em>C</em>. <em>felis</em> from multiple geographic locations and analyze these findings by location, qPCR pathogen prevalence, and flea genetic diversity.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong></p> <p>16S Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was utilized to sequence the microbiome of fleas collected from free-roaming cats, and the <em>cox1</em> gene was used for flea phylogenetic analysis. NGS data were analyzed for 168 individual fleas from seven locations within the US and UK. Given inconsistency in the genera historically reported to constitute the <em>C</em>. <em>felis</em> microbiome, we utilized the decontam prevalence method followed by literature review to separate contaminants from true microbiome members.</p> <p><strong> Results </strong></p> <p>NGS identified a single dominant and cosmopolitan amplicon sequence variant (ASV) from <em>Rickettsia</em> and <em>Wolbachia</em> while identifying one dominant <em>Bartonella</em> <em>clarridgeiae</em> and one dominant <em>Bartonella henselae/Bartonella</em> <em>koehlerae</em> ASV. Multiple less common ASVs from these genera were detected within restricted geographical ranges. Co-detection of two or more genera (<em>Bartonella</em>, <em>Rickettsia</em>, and/or <em>Wolbachia</em>) or multiple ASVs from a single genus in a single flea was common. <em>Achromobacter</em>, <em>Peptoniphilus</em>, and <em>Rhodococcus</em> were identified as additional candidate members of the <em>C</em>. <em>felis</em> microbiome on the basis of decontam analysis and literature review. <em>Ctenocephalides</em> <em>felis</em> phylogenetic diversity as assessed by the <em>cox1</em> gene fell within currently characterized clades while identifying seven novel haplotypes. NGS sensitivity and specificity for <em>Bartonella</em> and <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. DNA detection was compared to targeted qPCR.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions </strong></p> <p>Our findings confirm the widespread coinfection of fleas with multiple bacterial genera and strains, proposing three additional microbiome members. The presence of minor <em>Bartonella</em>, <em>Rickettsia</em>, and <em>Wolbachia</em> ASVs was found to vary by location and flea haplotype. These findings have important implications for flea-borne pathogen transmission and control. </p>
The association of host and vector characteristics with Ctenocephalides felis pathogen and endosymbiont infection
<p>Surveillance of the flea species and flea-borne pathogens infecting cats is important for both human and animal health. Multiple zoonotic <em>Bartonella</em> and <em>Rickettsia</em> species are known to infect the most common flea-infesting cats and dogs worldwide: <em>Ctenocephalides</em> <em>felis</em>, the cat flea. The ability of other flea species to transmit pathogens is relatively unexplored. We aimed to determine cat host and flea factors independently associated with flea infection with <em>Bartonella</em> and <em>Rickettsia</em> species. We also compared the presence and prevalence of cat host and flea pathogen infection by geographic location. To accomplish these aims, we performed qPCR for the detection of <em>Bartonella</em>, hemotropic <em>Mycoplasma</em>, <em>Rickettsia</em>, and <em>Wolbachia</em> DNA using paired cat and flea samples obtained from free-roaming cats presenting for spay or neuter across multiple geographic locations in the United States. A logistic regression model was employed to identify the effect of cat (sex, body weight, geographic location, and <em>Bartonella</em>, hemotropic <em>Mycoplasma</em>, and <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. infection) and flea (clade, pathogen infection, and <em>Wolbachia</em> infection) factors on <em>C. felis Bartonella clarridgeiae</em> infection. From 189 free-roaming cats, we collected 84 fleas from four flea species: <em>Ctenocephalides</em> <em>felis</em> (78/84, 92%), <em>Cediopsylla</em> <em>simplex</em> (4/84, 5%), <em>Orchopeas</em> <em>howardi</em> (1/84), and <em>Nosopsyllus</em> <em>fasciatus</em> (1/84). <em>Ctenocephalides</em> <em>felis</em> were phylogenetically assigned to Clades 1, 4, and 6 by <em>cox1</em> gene amplification. <em>Rickettsia</em> <em>asembonensis</em> (52/84, 62%) and <em>B. clarridgeiae</em> (16/84, 19%) were the most common pathogenic bacteria detected in fleas. Our model identified host cat sex and body weight as independently associated with <em>B. clarridgeiae</em> infection in fleas. When controlling for cat sex, body weight, and number of fleas collected from each cat, flea infection with <em>B. clarridgeiae</em> was not associated with geographic location, flea infection with Rickettsia spp. or Wolbachia spp., or cat infection with <em>B. clarridgeiae</em>. <em>Rickettsia asembonensis</em>, <em>Rickettsia</em> <em>felis</em> (7/84, 8%), and <em>Bartonella</em> <em>henselae</em> (7/84, 8%) were only found in fleas from specific clades: <em>R. felis</em> was detected only in Clades 1 and 6, while <em>B. henselae</em> and <em>R. asembonensis</em> were detected only in Clade 4. <em>Wolbachia</em> spp. also displayed clade specificity with strains other than <em>Wolbachia</em> wCfeT only infecting fleas from Clade 6. There was poor flea and host agreement for <em>Bartonella</em> spp. infection; however, there was agreement in the <em>Bartonella</em> species detected in cats and fleas by geographic location. These findings reinforce the importance of considering reservoir host attributes and vector phylogenetic diversity in epidemiological studies of flea-borne pathogens. Furthermore, while flea pathogen infection was not indicative of infection in a specific host cat, it may provide insight into the pathogens present in specific geographic areas. Widespread sampling from across the United States is necessary to identify the geographic, host, and vector factors driving flea-borne pathogen presence and transmission.</p>
Feeding on a Bartonella henselae infected host triggers temporary changes in the Ctenocephalides felis microbiome
<p>The effect of <em>Bartonella</em> <em>henselae</em> on the microbiome of its vector, <em>Ctenocephalides</em> <em>felis</em> (the cat flea) is largely unknown, as a majority of <em>C. felis</em> microbiome studies have utilized wild-caught pooled fleas. Therefore, we surveyed the microbiome of laboratory-origin <em>C. felis</em> fed on <em>B. henselae-</em>infected cats to identify changes to microbiome diversity and microbe prevalence compared to unfed fleas, and fleas fed on uninfected cats. To evaluate changes over time, fleas were fed on cats for 24 hours or 9 days. Utilizing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina platform, we documented an increase in microbial diversity, richness, and evenness in <em>C. felis</em> fed on <em>Bartonella</em>-infected cats for 24 hours, changes that returned to baseline (unfed fleas or fleas fed on uninfected cats) after 9 days on the host. The increased diversity in the <em>C. felis</em> microbiome when fed on <em>B. henselae</em>-infected cats may be related to the mammalian, flea, or endosymbiont response, factors that remain to be explored and potentially exploited for pathogen control. In addition, poor <em>B</em>. <em>henselae</em> acquisition was documented in these laboratory-maintained <em>C. felis</em>. Potential hypotheses to account for this finding include poor acquisition by adult fleas, the influence of flea genetic variation on <em>B. henselae</em> acquisition, and lack of co-feeding with <em>B. henselae</em>-infected <em>C. felis</em>. This study provides an investigation of the <em>C. felis</em> microbiome response to blood feeding and blood-feeding on <em>B. henselae</em>-infected cats; however, future studies are necessary to fully characterize the effect of endosymbionts and <em>C. felis</em> diversity on <em>B. henselae</em> acquisition.</p>
The association of host and vector characteristics with Ctenocephalides felis pathogen and endosymbiont infection
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Identification of microbial taxa present in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) reveals widespread co-infection and associations with vector phylogeny
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Diets of the introduced domestic cat (Felis catus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and dingo (Canis familiaris) in Australia
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Provision of high meat content food and object play reduce predation of wild animals by domestic cats Felis catus
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Feeding on a Bartonella henselae infected host triggers temporary changes in the Ctenocephalides felis microbiome
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Supplementary material and data from: Cranial volume and palate length of cats, Felis spp., under domestication, hybridisation and in wild populations
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Data from: Towards a genome-wide approach for detecting hybrids: informative SNPs to detect introgression between domestic cats and European wildcats (Felis silvestris)
Endemic gene pools have been severely endangered by human-mediated hybridization, which is posing new challenges in the conservation of several vertebrate species. The endangered European wildcat is an example of this problem, as several natural populations are suffering introgression of genes from the domestic cat. The implementation of molecular methods for detecting hybridization is crucial for supporting appropriate conservation programs on the wildcat. In this study, genetic variation at 158 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was analyzed in 139 domestic cats, 130 putative European wildcats and 5 captive-bred hybrids (N=274). These SNPs were variable both in wild (HE=0.107) and domestic cats (HE=0.340). Although we did not find any SNP that was private in any population, 22 SNPs were monomorphic in wildcats and pairwise FCT values revealed marked differences between domestic and wildcats, with the most divergent 35 loci providing an average FCT>0.74. The power of all the loci to accurately identify admixture events and discriminate the different hybrid categories was evaluated. Results from simulated and real genotypes show that the 158 SNPs provide successful estimates of admixture, with 100% hybrid individuals (two to three generations in the past) being correctly identified in STRUCTURE and over 92% using the NEWHYBRIDS' algorithm. None of the unclassified cats were wrongly allocated to another hybrid class. Thirty-five SNPs, showing the highest FCT values, provided the most parsimonious panel for robust inferences of parental and first generations of admixed ancestries. This approach may be used to further reconstruct the evolution of wildcat populations and, hopefully, to develop sound conservation guidelines for its legal protection in Europe.
Figure 17. Ariopsis felis, MNHN B-0593 in A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data
Figure 17. Ariopsis felis, MNHN B-0593 (senior synonym of Arius milberti), north-western Atlantic, type species of the genus.
Data from: Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen Archipelago.
Linking temporal variations of genetic diversity, including allelic richness and heterozygosity, and spatio-temporal fluctuations in population abundance has emerged as an important tool for understanding demographic and evolutionary processes in natural populations. This so-called 'genetic monitoring' was conducted across 12 consecutive years (1996-2007) at three sites for the feral cat, introduced onto the Kerguelen Archipelago fifty years ago. Temporal changes in allelic richness and heterozygosity at 18 microsatellite DNA loci were compared to temporal changes in the adult population abundance index, obtained by typical demographic monitoring. No association was found at the island spatial scale but we observed an association between genetic diversity and adult population indices from year to year within each study site. More particularly, the magnitude of successive increases or decreases in the adult population abundance index appeared to be the major factor linking the trajectories of genetic diversity and adult population abundance indices. Natal dispersal and/or local recruitment, both facilitated by high juvenile survival when the adult population size is small, are proposed as the major demographic processes contributing to such an observed pattern. Finally, we suggested avoiding the use of the harmonic mean as an estimator of long-term population size to study the relationships between demographic fluctuations and heterozygosity in populations characterized by strong multi-annual density fluctuations.
FIGURE 1 in The name of the margay (Mammalia, Felidae): Felis wiedii Schinz, 1821 has nomenclatural priority over F. macroura Wied, 1821
FIGURE 1. Pages of the newspapers (A) Morgenblatts f¸r gebildete Stände (November 3rd 1821 edition) (available on: https:// digipress.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10531683_00903_u001/1) and (B) Allgemeinen Zeitung (November 13rd 1821 edition) (available on: https://digipress.digitale-sammlungen.de/issue/bsb10504784_00783_u001) showing that a volume of Schinz's Das Thierreich, eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von den Herrn Ritter von Cuvier had already been published by that time. (C) Header of the Allgemeinen Zeitung (November 13rd 1821 edition).
Bacteria isolated from bengal cat (Felis catus × Prionailurus bengalensis) anal sac secretions produce volatile compounds associated with animal signaling
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Data from: Towards a genome-wide approach for detecting hybrids: informative SNPs to detect introgression between domestic cats and European wildcats (Felis silvestris)
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Data from: Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen Archipelago.
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Data from: A suite of genetic markers useful in assessing wildcat (Felis silvestris ssp.) - domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) admixture
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Data from: Novel evidence suggests that a "Rickettsia felis-like" organism is an endosymbiont of the desert flea, Xenopsylla ramesis
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