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1,068 results for “Flight”
Measurement and model data comparisons for the HALO-FAAM formation flight during EMeRGe on 17 July 2017
<p>Within the project “Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional and Global scales” (EMeRGe), the measurement flight of 13 July 2017 was performed for comparison of the instrumentation onboard of the research aircraft HALO and FAAM. The aircraft flew for 1.6 h in close formation along a racetrack pattern at three flight levels in Southern Germany. The flight started in a rather dry and clean troposphere and ended in a more polluted convective boundary layer. 28 measurement pairs sampled on both aircraft were found suitable for comparison. 17 further pairs of data are available from sampling on either HALO or FAAM. In addition, observations obtained at the DWD Hohenpeissenberg and results from 6 models are included in the comparisons. Overall, about 30% of the measured data pairs show deviations within the combined error estimates. Some measurements deviate considerably from model results.</p> <p>This dataset contains a pdf of the report and a zip file of the comparison data as described in that report.</p>
Fine-scale changes in speed and altitude suggest protean movements in homing pigeon flights
<p>The power curve provides a basis for predicting adjustments that animals make in flight speed, for example in relation to wind, distance, habitat foraging quality and objective. However, relatively few studies have examined how animals respond to the landscape below them, which could affect speed and power allocation through modifications in climb rate and perceived predation risk. We equipped homing pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) with high-frequency loggers to examine how flight speed, and hence effort, varies in relation to topography and land cover. Pigeons showed mixed evidence for an energy-saving strategy, as they minimized climb rates by starting their ascent ahead of hills, but selected rapid speeds in their ascents. Birds did not modify their speed substantially in relation to land cover, but used higher speeds during descending flight, highlighting the importance of considering the rate of change in altitude before estimating power use from speed. Finally, we document an unexpected variability in speed and altitude over fine scales; a source of substantial energetic inefficiency. We suggest this may be a form of protean behaviour adopted to reduce predation risk when flocking is not an option, and that such a strategy could be widespread.</p>
Fig. 3 in Are Abrolhos no-take area sites of naïve fish? An evaluation using flight initiation distance of labrids
Fig. 3. Mean of flight initiation distances for the three labrid species studied in MUAs (Multiple-use areas) and NTAs (No-take areas) in Abrolhos. The upper limits of lines indicate standard deviation; *symbols indicate significant differences according to ANCOVA; **(p <0.001).
Fig. 4 in Are Abrolhos no-take area sites of naïve fish? An evaluation using flight initiation distance of labrids
Fig. 4. Relationship between flight initiation distances (FID), group size and body size (continuous covariates) inside NTAs and MUAs (categorical factor). Black dots represent samples from no-take areas (NTAs); white dots represent samples from multiple-use areas (MUAs). The continuous line represents the best fit for MUAs data and the dotted line that for NTAs data.
Fig. 1 in Are Abrolhos no-take area sites of naïve fish? An evaluation using flight initiation distance of labrids
Fig. 1. Map of study area showing sampled sites (MUAs: Multiple-use areas; NTAs: No-take areas) in the Abrolhos bank.
Fig. 5 in Are Abrolhos no-take area sites of naïve fish? An evaluation using flight initiation distance of labrids
Fig. 5. Average group size (a) and body size (b) estimated for the three labrids studied in both no-takes (NTAs) and multiple-use areas (MUAs) sampled in the Abrolhos Bank. The upper limits of lines indicate standard error.
Data from: Neural representation of bat predation risk and evasive flight in moths: a modelling approach
<p>Most animals are at risk from multiple predators and can vary anti-predator behaviour based on the level of threat posed by each predator. Animals use sensory systems to detect predator cues, but the relationship between the tuning of sensory systems and the sensory cues related to predator threat are not well-studied at the community level. Noctuid moths have ultrasound-sensitive ears to detect the echolocation calls of predatory bats. Here, combining empirical data and mathematical modelling, we show that moth hearing is adapted to provide information about the threat posed by different sympatric bat species. First, we found that multiple characteristics related to the threat posed by bats to moths correlate with bat echolocation call frequency. Second, the frequency tuning of the most sensitive auditory receptor in noctuid moth ears provides information allowing moths to escape detection by all sympatric bats with similar safety margin distances. Third, the least sensitive auditory receptor usually responds to bat echolocation calls at a similar distance across all moth species for a given bat species. If this neuron triggers last-ditch evasive flight, it suggests that there is an ideal reaction distance for each bat species, regardless of moth size. This study shows that even a very simple sensory system can adapt to deliver information suitable for triggering appropriate defensive reactions to each predator in a multiple predator community.</p>
A dataset of 3D fly (Drosophila melanogaster) flight trajectories to study the role of neuropeptide degradation in visuo-motor behaviors.
<p>As part of a wide study on the role of neuropeptides in the visuo-motor behavior of Drosophila melanogaster, we exposed three fly strains with impaired neuropeptide degradation function, and corresponding controls, to different visual stimuli.</p> <p>Find further details in the provided README.</p>
Vertical profiles of stable water isotopes and thermodynamic properties from research flights during the L-WAIVE field campaign in June 2019
<p>This datasets contains the measurements of stable water isotopes conducted during the Lacustrine-Water vApor Isotope inVentory Experiment (L-WAIVE) field campaign taking place in June 2019 in the Annecy valley in the French Alps (Chazette et al. 2021). The measurements were conducted using a Picarro laser spectrometer L2130-i that was installed on an ultralight aircraft. The Picarro measurements of atmospheric humidity are merged measurements of thermodynamic properties by a fast-response temperature and humidity probe (iMet XQ-2; see also Chazette et al. 2021) interpolated on 10s temporal resolution.</p> <p>The data is provided on a one file per flight. All variables are described in README.</p> <p>This dataset has been used in Thurnherr et al. (submitted) for a comparison study of stable water isotopes measurements from various platforms and COSMOiso model simulations.</p>
PROCRAFT Final Meeting - Collaborative work between institutions and volunteers by Marie Grima - National Museum of Flight
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PROCRAFT Final Meeting - Choice of restoration or renovation of WWII aircraft paintwork, illustrated by two case studies Bristol Bolingbroke and Messerschmitt 163B Komet by Thilo Bürgel, National Museum of Flight
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F I G U R E 2 Fitted logistic curves with 95 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 2 Fitted logistic curves with 95% confidence intervals for the effect of Paropsisterna agricola beetle prepupal weight (mg) for three post-beetle prepupal outcomes (dead beetle prepupa, beetle or E. daenerys wasp).
F I G U R E 3 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 3 Host beetle prepupal weight (mg) (using both Paropsisterna agricola <80 mg and Paropsis charybdis>80 mg) and the head capsule width (mm) of laboratory-reared Eadya daenerys across both host species (n = 96).
F I G U R E 1 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 1 Weekly adult total malaise trap counts for three paropsine leaf beetle hosts of E. daenerys at Runnymede for the 2015/2016 season.
F I G U R E 4 in Circadian and seasonal flight activity differences between the sexes of the biocontrol agent Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the impact of host size on adult emergence
F I G U R E 4 Head capsule width (mm) of adult Eadya daenerys (left) reared in the laboratory on Paropsisterna agricola (n = 179) or (right) collected in the field (n = 253).
Sterna paradisaea (Laridae) - whole organism - in flight
Image of Sterna paradisaea (Laridae) - whole organism - in flight
Supplementary material for "In-flight reactions of nocturnally migrating birds to winds"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Available knowledge on in-flight reactions of nocturnal bird migrants to winds is reviewed, with emphasis on the challenging topographical and meteorological conditions in Western Europe, and differences from the situation in North America discussed. Conclusions drawn are used for a new approach: using individual radar tracks of nocturnal migrants (mainly passerines) as well as winds measured at their flight altitudes, we defined the basic direction (BD=average flight direction of all migrants tracked under negligible wind influence) as a reference. For two altitudinal zones above a radar site near Nuremberg, we modelled the deviations of tracks and headings from BD for increasing wind from six 60° sectors. A comparison of birds’ air speeds Va with winds from four 90°-sectors confirmed that Va increased with opposing winds from ~11 to 13 (14) m/s; a similar increase occurred with side winds. An expected, slight decrease of Va with increasing following winds was only indicated for high-flying, not for low-flying birds. A predicted increase in average Va due to decreasing air density with increasing height was not observed; possible explanations (birds climbing to high altitudes in following, but not in strong opposing winds) are discussed. Over the whole autumn migration season, headings were concentrated in a sector of ±30° around 230° in both altitudinal zones. Prevailing winds from 230 to 320° (SW–NW, i.e. opposing from right) led to widely scattered tracks primarily between 190° and 270°, but additional ones in the SE sector (mainly 100°–170°). The analysis of tracks and headings relative to BD revealed the following features. (1) Overcompensation was frequently observed at low wind speeds (<3 m/s); (2) under all wind conditions, but particularly with opposing winds and at low flight levels, tracks were widely scattered, including birds deviating more than 90° from BD. (3) Under opposing and side winds from the right compensatory efforts led to partial drift compensation up to wind speeds of ~8–10 m/s. Because efforts to compensate drift dwindled with increasing wind speeds, birds were fully drifted. Many even shifted their heading to due south and, hence, overdrifted. (4) Opposing and side winds from the left induced partial compensation at low flight levels and full drift above 1500 m asl. (5) The lateral components of the rare and weak following winds led to tracks close to expected minimal drift (without important compensation needed). In general, migrants compensated less for deviations by wind force than expected. The tendency of birds to maintain headings close to BD under opposing winds was so strong that many individuals continued migration with minimal progress over ground or even with retrograde migration as an extreme. On the other hand, there was an omnipresent fraction of birds with tracks far from seasonally favourable directions, including reverse migration.</p>
Imaging of Organic Samples with Megaelectron Volt Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Capillary Microprobe
<p>Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF SIMS) with MeV primary ions offers a fine balance between secondary ion yield for molecules in the mass range from 100 to 1000 Da and beam spot size, both of which are critical for imaging applications of organic samples. Using conically shaped glass capillaries with an exit diameter of a few micrometers, a high energy heavy primary beam can be collimated to less than 10 μm. In this work, imaging capabilities of such a setup are presented for some organic samples (leucine-evaporated mesh, fly wing section, ink deposited on paper). Lateral resolution measurement and molecular distributions of selected mass peaks are shown. The negative influence of the beam halo, an unavoidable characteristic of primary beam collimation with a conical capillary, is also discussed. A new start trigger for TOF measurements based on the detection of secondary electrons released by the primary ion is presented. This method is applicable for a continuous primary ion beam, and for thick targets that are not transparent to the primary ion beam. The solution preserves the good mass resolution of the thin target setup, where the detection of primary ions with a PIN diode is used for a start trigger, reduces the background, and enables a wide range of samples to be analyzed.</p>
Photon time-of-flight histograms measured with a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR on Crook Glacier and Collier Glacier, Oregon
<p>This data set contains photon time-of-flight histograms measured in September 2021 on Crook Glacier, Oregon, and two sites on Collier Glacier, Oregon (USA). Each data file is associated with a single measurement using a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR. The files contain a header with geo-location (WGS84) and instrument settings as well as the raw count numbers and integration time for each temporal bin. The given arrival times represent the center of each temporal bin. The color naming scheme of the file names represents the used laser wavelength (blue=405nm, green=520nm, red=640nm), the last number in each filename represents the distance between laser and detector (i.e. 1.8m at 520nm for file "green5_1.8.txt").</p> <p>The data is organized in folders for each site plus an additional folder containing Matlab-code needed for data evaluation. The code uses this folder structure for relative path referencing. Data is evaluated using ExampleDataEvalV2.m, which employs the other three files as helper functions. The helper function ReadTofHisto.m reads the raw data from the measurement files and provides a named structure with the header information.</p> <p>If you wish to use this data set please contact Markus Allgaier at markusa@uoregon.edu with a description of the work and any questions so that we may offer guidance in regards to the best usage of our dataset. When using the data set within a publication, please cite:</p> <p>Markus ALLGAIER, Matthew G. COOPER, Anders E. CARLSON, Sarah W. COOLEY, Jonathan C. RYAN, Brian J. SMITH, "Direct measurement of optical properties of glacier ice using a photon-counting diffuse LiDAR", in preparation (2022)</p>
Data: Physical constraints on thermoregulation and flight drive morphological evolution in bats
<p>Body size and shape fundamentally determine organismal energy requirements by modulating heat and mass exchange with the environment and the costs of locomotion, thermoregulation, and maintenance. Ecologists have long used the physical linkage between morphology and energy balance to explain why the body size and shape of many organisms vary across climatic gradients, e.g., why larger endotherms are more common in colder regions. However, few modeling exercises have aimed at investigating this link from first principles. Body size evolution in bats contrasts with the patterns observed in other endotherms, probably because physical constraints on flight limit morphological adaptations. Here, we develop a biophysical model based on heat transfer and aerodynamic principles to investigate energy constraints on morphological evolution in bats. Our biophysical model predicts that the energy costs of thermoregulation and flight, respectively, impose upper and lower limits on the relationship of wing surface area to body mass (S-MR), giving rise to an optimal S-MR at which both energy costs are minimized. A comparative analysis of 278 species of bats supports the model’s prediction that S-MR evolves toward an optimal shape and that the strength of selection is higher among species experiencing greater energy demands for thermoregulation in cold climates. Our study suggests that energy costs modulate the mode of morphological evolution in bats—hence shedding light on a long-standing debate over bats’ conformity to ecogeographical patterns observed in other mammals—and offers a procedure for investigating complex macroecological patterns from first principles.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.