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Fig. 8 in Morphological disparity of early ammonoids: A geometric morphometric approach to investigate conch geometry

Fig. 8. Disparity and diversity fluctuations through the Early and Middle Devonian; based on the analysis of the whorl profiles. A. Sum of ranges (black line with grey area showing the confidence intervals) and sampled-in-bin diversity (blue bars). B. Sum of variances (black line with grey area showing the confidence intervals) and sampled-in-bin diversity (blue bars). C. Average displacement (black line with grey area showing the confidence intervals) and sampled-in-bin diversity (blue bars). Confidence intervals (error bars) are computed after 1000 bootstraps. See Fig. 2 for interval labels.

Fig. 1 in Morphological disparity of early ammonoids: A geometric morphometric approach to investigate conch geometry

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of Morocco (modified from Klug 2002b). The square shows the area where Early and Middle Devonian ammonoids are reported (Tafilalt and Ma'der basins).

Fig. 2 in Morphological disparity of early ammonoids: A geometric morphometric approach to investigate conch geometry

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic scheme for the Early and Middle Devonian of the Anti-Atlas of Morocco, showing the distribution of superfamilies through time. Ammonoid biozonation from (Klug 2002a; Aboussalam and Becker 2011; Bockwinkel et al. 2015; Becker et al. 2019). Absolute ages from the Geological Time Scale v. 5.0 (Walker et al. 2018). "Sobolewia sp. nov." and "Afromaenioceras sp. nov" have been introduced by Becker et al. (2004), and Lunupharciceras sp. nov." by Aboussalam and Becker (2011); these new taxa have not yet been formally described but they are mentioned in several studies where they are used to establish the biozonation (e.g., Becker et al. 2004; Aboussalam and Becker 2011).

Fig. 10 in Morphological disparity of early ammonoids: A geometric morphometric approach to investigate conch geometry

Fig. 10. Disparity and diversity fluctuations through the Early and Middle Devonian ammonoid zones (biozones numbered from 1 to 30, see Fig. 2); based on the analysis of the whorl profiles. A. Sum of ranges (black line with grey area showing the confidence intervals) and sampled-in-bin diversity (blue bars). B. Sum of variances (black line with grey area showing the confidence intervals) and sampled-in-bin diversity (blue bars). C. Average displacement black line with grey area showing the confidence intervals) and sampled-in-bin diversity (blue bars). Confidence intervals (error bars) are computed after 1000 bootstraps.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Blank predetermination in the Iberian Acheulean: fact or fiction? Insight from the cleaver on flake assemblage from Casal do Azemel site (Leiria, Portugal) by a Geometric Morphometric approach

<p>The increase of data available for the study of the Middle Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula has favoured the understanding of the technological trends of the regional Acheulean techno-complex. This has features of Large Flake Acheulean -LFA- with a significant presence of cleavers on flake, a specific tool type that is of great cultural and technological value. Moreover, these tools are privileged to discuss the importance of predetermination in Acheulean assemblages. Following this reason, besides the traditional techno-typological approach, we perform 2D Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMA) to explore this topic on the cleaver on flake assemblage from Casal do Azemel (Leiria, Portugal), a paradigmatic Iberian Acheulean site with a large number of cleavers on flake (more than 100 pieces), one of the largest collections of this type of tools in Western Europe.</p> <p>The results obtained note a strong degree of shape homogeneity and suggest that the different technological solutions underlying the definition of the distal cutting edge, or the intensity of secondary reshaping, do not produce major differences in the overall shape of the tool. Therefore, this homogeneity is a consequence of the existence of a specific pattern of support selection and/or is the outcome of the already predetermined nature of the chosen blank. These observations allowed to discuss the significance of blank predetermination in the Acheulean, highlighting the existence of highly structured technological and cognitive prerequisites.</p>

Figure 14 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 14. Monatractides macrocorpis Gu & Guo, 2019, female. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Palp, lateral view. D. Infracapitulum and chelicera. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Figure 11 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 11. Torrenticola brevisuturae Gu & Guo, sp. nov., female. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Palp, lateral view. D. Infracapitulum and chelicera. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Figure 10 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 10. Torrenticola brevisuturae Gu & Guo, sp. nov., male. A. Leg-I. B. Leg-II. C. Leg-III. D. Ejaculatory complex. E. Leg-IV- 1–4. F. Leg-IV-5–6. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Figure 1. Landmark definition. A. Dorsoglandularia 1–4. B in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 1. Landmark definition. A. Dorsoglandularia 1–4. B. Infracapitulum (Torrenticola). C. Infracapitulum (Monatractides).

Figure 13 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 13. Monatractides macrocorpis Gu & Guo, 2019, male. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Palp, lateral view. D. Ejaculatory complex. E. Infracapitulum and chelicera. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Figure 9 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 9. Torrenticola brevisuturae Gu & Guo, sp. nov., male. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Palp, lateral view. D. Infracapitulum and chelicera. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Figure 12 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 12. Torrenticola brevisuturae Gu & Guo, sp. nov., female. A. Leg-I. B. Leg-II. C. Leg-III-1–4. D. Leg-III-5–6. E. Leg-IV-1–4. F. Leg-IV-5–6. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Figure 6 in Integrative approach of morphology and geometric morphometrics to species delimiation in Torrenticolidae (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)

Figure 6. UPGMA tree based on the matrix of the Procrustes distances between species (the anterior margins of coxae).

Figure 4 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran

Figure 4. Dendrogram plotted by on UPGMA method based on morphometric measurement. The vertical line is the

Figure 3 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran

Figure 3. Distribution of morphometric characters in PCA analysis. This graph is based on the average size of the characters, is drawn.

Figure 2 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran

Figure 2. Distribution of six landmarks on the ventral surface of varroa mite for geometric measurement.

Figure 5 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran

Figure 5. Distribution of varroa mite based on a landmark in PCA analysis. Weight matrices data are used for this analysis. Circles show the closer groups.

Figure 1 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran

Figure 1. Morphometric parameters measured on the ventral surface varroa mite – a: body width, b: body length, c: length of the epigynal shield, d: length of the anal shield, e: metapodal shield's width, f: metapodal shield's length.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

FIGURE 6. A in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar

FIGURE 6. A) First two PCs from the Principal component analysis performed on the size and shape including the reference collection and Kaldar Cave material. B) Boxplot of the total length of Ellobius from the extant reference collections and Kaldar Cave.