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95 results for “Gorilla”
Fig. 9 in The Cross River Gorillas: A Distinct Subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904
Fig. 9. Lateral, ventral, and dorsal views of an adult female gorilla skull showing the craniodental measures taken in this study. A = skull length, from prosthion to inion, B = vault height, from bregma to basion, C = vault length from glabella to inion, D = facial height from prosthion to glabella, E = postfacial height, from palatal spine to glabella, F= Maximum biglenoid width, G= biC1 diameter, H= maximum biP3 diameter, I= maximum incisor row length, J= premolar row length, K=cheek tooth row
Fig. 3 in The Cross River Gorillas: A Distinct Subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904
Fig. 3. The skull of ZMUB 12789, the male holotype of G. diehli (Matschie, 1904) in A dorsal, B ventral, C anterior and D posterior views. Note the large wide and flat zygoma, the superoinferiorly wide zygomatic arch with only a mild mediolateral curvature, the perpendicular set of the zygoma relative to the zygomatic arch, the pronounced malar tubercles, and the inferomedial concavity of the zygoma circumscribing the infraorbital foramen (see also male paratypes in fig. 6).
Fig. 7 in The Cross River Gorillas: A Distinct Subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904
Fig. 7. Dorsal and ventral views of the calvaria of ZMBU 12799 from Basho, assigned by Matschie (1904) to G. g. gorilla. Note many of the characters typical of G. g. diehli (table 10). Multivariate analyses showed this specimen to group with the Cross River female gorillas.
Fig. 5 in The Cross River Gorillas: A Distinct Subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904
Fig. 5. The calvarium of ZMUB 12794: A dorsal, B ventral, C anterior, D posterior views. Note the welldeveloped torus along the midnasal suture, the perpendicular set of the zygomatic arch relative to the zygoma, the strong development of the postglenoid and entoglenoid processes, and the waisting of the nuchal crest.
Fig. 2 in The Cross River Gorillas: A Distinct Subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904
Fig. 2. Distribution map of western gorillas showing the western equatorial forest and the allopatry of G. g. diehli and G. g. gorilla. Bounded area represents CrossRiver watershed mapped in fig. 1. All collecting localities for nonCrossRiver western gorillas considered are marked by dots with the exception of Bamba Mayombe, which yielded a single specimen and is not marked. G. g. gorilla is
Fig. 1 in The Cross River Gorillas: A Distinct Subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904
Fig. 1. Map of Cross River watershed showing national parks or forest reserves and the four separate areas inhabited by the Cross River gorillas.
Fig. 4 in The Cross River Gorillas: A Distinct Subspecies, Gorilla gorilla diehli Matschie 1904
Fig. 4. Lateral views of ZMUB 12789 (A) and of the lone female paratype of G. diehli (Matschie 1904) ZMUB 12794 (B). The photograph shows the left side of ZMUB 12794 reversed for comparison. Note the strong concavity at the nasal bridge (especially in the female) and the inferior position of the mastoid relative to the external acoustic meatus. In the male the mastoid inflation is within the suboccipital plane, with only a very slight inferior protrusion. The development of the sagittal crest in the holotype is not characteristic of G. g. diehli males.
Homophily in social and demographic traits predict association patterns in female western and mountain gorillas
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Silverback Gorilla Figurine
**MESH PARAMETERS** **Object Description:** Digitized plastic Silverback Gorilla figurine; Real-life approximate dimensions 6.3"x3.8"x5.8" **Watertight:** Yes <br> **TEXTURE PARAMETERS** **Count:** 1 **Size:** 8,192 x 8,192 **Delighting:** No Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Gorilla (<i>Gorilla gorilla</i>) from http://braincatalogue.org/Gorilla</p>
Pervasive relaxed selection on spermatogenesis genes in gorillas coincident with the evolution of polygyny
<p>Gorillas have a polygynous social system in which the highest-ranking male has almost exclusive access to females and sires most of the offspring in the troop. Such behavior results in a dramatic reduction of sperm competition, which is ultimately associated with numerous traits leading to a low efficacy of gorilla spermatogenesis. However, the molecular basis behind the remarkable erosion of the gorilla male reproductive system remains unknown. Here, we explored the genetic consequences of the polygynous social system in gorillas by testing for altered selection intensity across 13,310 orthologous protein-coding genes from 261 Eutherian mammals. We identified 578 genes with relaxed purifying selection in the gorilla lineage, compared with only 96 that were positively selected. Genes under relaxed purifying selection in gorillas have accumulated numerous deleterious amino acid substitutions; their expression is biased towards male germ cells, and are enriched in functions related to meiosis and sperm biology. We tested the function of gorilla relaxed genes previously not implicated in sperm biology using the Drosophila model system and identified 41 novel spermatogenesis genes required for normal fertility. Furthermore, by exploring exome/genome sequencing data of infertile men with severe spermatogenic impairment, we found that the human orthologs of the gorilla relaxed genes are enriched for loss-of-function variants in infertile men. These data provide compelling evidence that reduced sperm competition in gorillas is associated with relaxed purifying selection on genes related to male reproductive function. The accumulation of deleterious mutations in these genes likely provides the mechanistic basis behind the low efficacy of gorilla spermatogenesis and uncovers new candidate genes for human male infertility.</p>
Supplemental datasets for 'A near telomere-to-telomere phased reference assembly for the male mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei)'
<p>The endangered mountain gorilla <em>Gorilla beringei beringei</em> faces numerous threats to its survival, highlighting the urgent need for genomic resources to aid conservation efforts. Here, we present a near telomere-to-telomere, haplotype-phased reference genome assembly for a male mountain gorilla generated using Pacbio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Ultralong data. The resulting assembly exhibits exceptional contiguity, with contig N50 of ~ 95 Mbps for the combined pseudohaplotype (3,540,458,497 bps, and 56.5 Mbps (3.1 Gbps) and 51.0 Mbps (3.2 Gbps) for the maternal and paternal haplotypes and an average QV of 65.15 (error rate = 3.1 x 10-7). These represent substantial improvements over most other available primate genomes. This high-quality reference genome provides an invaluable resource for future studies on gorilla evolution, adaptation, and conservation, ultimately contributing to the long-term survival of this iconic species.</p> <p>A preprint for this work is available at bioRXiv, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.28.620258</p>
Gorilla Mandible - 3D Scan
Matching Mandible for the previously uploaded Gorilla Skull model. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Pervasive relaxed selection on spermatogenesis genes in gorillas coincident with the evolution of polygyny
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Dispersed female networks: female gorillas’ inter-group relationships influence dispersal decisions
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Vocal consensus building for collective departures in wild western gorillas
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Inter-group relationships influence territorial defence in mountain gorillas
<p>1. Many species show territoriality, in which territory owners have exclusive or priority use of a region. In humans, tolerance of others within our space also depends greatly on our social relationships with them. This has been hypothesised as one potential driver of the evolution of long-term, inter-group relationships, through enabling shared access of resources and easing disputes over space.</p> <p>2. However, extremely little is known about the importance of social relationships between neighbouring groups in non-humans for how space is used and shared.</p> <p>3. Using 16 years of data on the simultaneous movement and interaction patterns of 17 mountain gorilla groups, we investigated how the occurrence of aggressive and affiliative behaviour during inter-group encounters was influenced by both their social and spatial context.</p> <p>4. We found evidence of territorial defence, with rates of aggression increasing towards the centre of home ranges. Groups which had previously split from each other showed higher levels of affiliation during encounters with each other and experienced lower levels of aggression when within the other's peripheral home range. However, encounters within core areas of the home range consistently elicited higher aggression, regardless of the groups' history. Our findings indicate that not only are the social relationships between groups retained after they split from one another, but that these relationships enable groups to access certain areas with a reduced risk of aggression.</p> <p>5. This suggests that reduced aggression when accessing areas within neighbours' home ranges may be an advantage for the maintenance of inter-group relationships and a potential driver in the evolution of long-term, post-dispersal relationships and complex multi-level societies.</p>
Data from: Social and ecological factors alter stress physiology of Virunga mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Living in a rapidly changing environment can alter stress physiology at the population level, with negative impacts on health, reproductive rates, and mortality that may ultimately result in species decline. Small, isolated animal populations where genetic diversity is low are at particular risks, such as endangered Virunga mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Along with climate change‐associated environmental shifts that are affecting the entire population, subpopulations of the Virunga gorillas have recently experienced extreme changes in their social environment. As the growing population moves closer to the forest's carrying capacity, the gorillas are coping with rising population density, increased frequencies of interactions between social units, and changing habitat use (e.g., more overlapping home ranges and routine ranging at higher elevations). Using noninvasive monitoring of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) on 115 habituated Virunga gorillas, we investigated how social and ecological variation are related to baseline FGM levels, to better understand the adaptive capacity of mountain gorillas and monitor potential physiological indicators of population decline risks. Generalized linear mixed models revealed elevated mean monthly baseline FGM levels in months with higher rainfall and higher mean maximum and minimum temperature, suggesting that Virunga gorillas might be sensitive to predicted warming and rainfall trends involving longer, warmer dry seasons and more concentrated and extreme rainfall occurrences. Exclusive use of smaller home range areas was linked to elevated baseline FGM levels, which may reflect reduced feeding efficiency and increased travel efforts to actively avoid neighboring groups. The potential for additive effects of stress‐inducing factors could have short‐ and long‐term impacts on the reproduction, health, and ultimately survival of the Virunga gorilla population. The ongoing effects of environmental changes and population dynamics must be closely monitored and used to develop effective long‐term conservation strategies that can help address these risk factors.
Data from: Gut microbiome composition and metabolomic profiles of wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) reflect host ecology
The metabolic activities of gut microbes significantly influence host physiology; thus, characterizing the forces that modulate this micro-ecosystem is key to understanding mammalian biology and fitness. To investigate the gut microbiome of wild primates and determine how these microbial communities respond to the host's external environment, we characterized faecal bacterial communities and, for the first time, gut metabolomes of four wild lowland gorilla groups in the Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. Results show that geographical range may be an important modulator of the gut microbiomes and metabolomes of these gorilla groups. Distinctions seemed to relate to feeding behaviour, implying energy harvest through increased fruit consumption or fermentation of highly fibrous foods. These observations were supported by differential abundance of metabolites and bacterial taxa associated with the metabolism of cellulose, phenolics, organic acids, simple sugars, lipids and sterols between gorillas occupying different geographical ranges. Additionally, the gut microbiomes of a gorilla group under increased anthropogenic pressure could always be distinguished from that of all other groups. By characterizing the interplay between environment, behaviour, diet and symbiotic gut microbes, we present an alternative perspective on primate ecology and on the forces that shape the gut microbiomes of wild primates from an evolutionary context.
Data from: Space partitioning in wild, non-territorial mountain gorillas: the impact of food and neighbours
In territorial species, the distribution of neighbours and food abundance play a crucial role in space use patterns but less is known about how and when neighbours use shared areas in non-territorial species. We investigated space partitioning in 10 groups of wild, non-territorial mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Using location data, we examined factors influencing daily movement decisions and calculated the per cent overlap of annual kernel home ranges and core areas among neighbours. We found that the probability that a group chose an area was positively influenced by both food availability and the previous use of that area by the group. Additionally, groups reduced their overall utilization of areas previously used by neighbouring groups. Lastly, groups used their core areas more exclusively than their home ranges. In sum, our results show that both foraging needs and avoidance of competition with neighbours determined the gorillas' daily movement decisions, which presumably lead to largely mutually exclusive core areas. Our research suggests that non-territorial species actively avoid neighbours to maintain core area exclusivity. Together, these findings contribute to our understanding of the costs and benefits of non-territoriality.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.