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FIGURE 11 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 11. Skeleton of Synemporion keana embedded in secondary mineral crust on the wall near the downslope end of Māhiehie Cave.

FIGURE 5 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 5. Lateral and occlusal views of the lower dentition of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506).

FIGURE 4 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 4. Lateral and occlusal views of the upper dentition of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Note that a small anterior upper premolar (P2), visible in occlusal view in Lasiurus, is absent in the holotype of Synemporion keana. This tooth is variably present in Synemporion, occurring somewhat more than 50% of the time and sometimes present on one side but absent on the other side in the same individual (see text for discussion).

FIGURE 1 in A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIGURE 1. Map of the main Hawaiian Islands showing relative locations of the principle collecting sites of fossil Synemporion keana. See appendix 2 for list of specimens from each site and appendix 4 for detailed descriptions of each site. (1) Makawehi Point dunes; (2) Māhā'ulepū Limestone Sinkhole; (3) limestone sinkholes near Barbers Point; (4) Ulupa'u Head lake deposit; (5) Lua Lolo Piping Cave; (6) Pu'u Naio Cave; (7) Māhiehie Cave; (8) Pu'u Mākua Cave; (9) Ka'eleku Caverns; (10) Crystal Cave; (11) Kahāwaihapapa Cave; (12) 'Ūmi'i Manu Cave; (13) Kahuku Ranch Cave.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Hourly detections of echolocation clicks in Hawaiian Island HARP data from Hawai`i, Kaua`i, and Manawai with species labels

This dataset consists of counts of detections of echolocation clicks at three sites in the Hawaiian Islands Archipelago. These sites are Hawaii, Kauai, and Manawai (also known as Pearl and Hermes Reef). Echolocation clicks have been labeled using a neural network classifier that was trained and tested on data from the Hawaiian Islands and can successfully identify many species of regionally present odontocetes. During the labeling process, clicks were grouped into one-minute bins and each bin was given a species' label. The data provided here is further binned at an hourly level, where counts of a given species represent the number of one-minute bins within a given hour that were labeled as that species (up to a maximum of 60). One file is provided per site, and files are in .csv format that can be read using any desired coding language.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Non-random mating within an island rookery of Hawaiian hawksbill turtles: demographic discontinuity at a small coastline scale

Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from the Hawaiian archipelago form a small and genetically isolated population, consisting of only a few tens of individuals breeding annually. Most females nest on the island of Hawai'i, but little is known about the demographics of this rookery. This study used genetic relatedness, inferred from 135 microhaplotype markers, to determine breeding sex-ratios, estimate female nesting frequency, and assess relationships between individuals nesting on different beaches. Samples were collected during the 2017 nesting season and final data included 13 nesting females and 1,002 unhatched embryos, salvaged from 41 nests, of which 13 had no observed mother. Results show that most females used a single nesting beach laying 1–5 nests each. From female and offspring alleles the paternal genotypes of 12 breeding males were reconstructed and many showed high relatedness to their mates. Pairwise relatedness of offspring revealed one instance of polygyny but otherwise suggest a 1:1 breeding-sex ratio. Relatedness analysis and spatial-autocorrelation of genotypes indicate non-random mating among complexes of nesting beaches, for both sexes, suggesting strong natal philopatry. Nesting complexes also showed unique patterns of inbreeding across loci, further indicating that Hawaiian hawksbill turtles have demographically discontinuous nesting populations on a fine spatial scale.

Figure 4 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel

Figure 4. Probability for the estimated annual passenger entries with CBB-infested materials: (a) to Hawaii from CBB-occurring countries; (b) between Hawaii island and Oahu; (c) between Oahu and Maui; (d) between Oahu and Kauai; (e) between Hawaii island and Maui; (f) between Maui and Kauai; (g) between Hawaii island and Kauai; (h) between Oahu and Lanai.

Figure 1 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel

Figure 1. World coffee production with CBB world distribution: a) 2019 coffee produc- tion (FAO 2020); b) CBB distribution by introduction year (Vega et al. 2015).

Figure 2 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel

Figure 2. Number of months per year with optimal temperature conditions for CBB growth. The optimal temperature conditions were determined by evaluating the area where daily minimum temperature was above 18°C and daily maximum temperature was below 30°C.

Figure 3 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel

Figure 3. Mean annual number of air passengers traveling between the Hawaiian Islands. Dispersal pathways are shown for those islands that are confirmed to have coffee berry borer. Thicker blue lines indicate higher numbers of passengers.

Figure 8a–b in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 8a–b. Mean captures of female C. capitata per trap per week in torula yeast traps at different sites (a), in different habitats (a, insert graph), and as monthly means throughout the trapping periods in different habitats (b). Values with the same letter in insert graph are not significantly different at the 0.05 level (Tukey's test, post ANOVA). F = 315.75; df = 6,27535; P <0.001; r2 = 6.44%; n = 228 (coffee), 2514 (gardens), 1807 (NW Oahu), 13230 (residential), 1658 (rural), 5630 (urban), 2475 (Waialua).

Figure 4a–b in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 4a–b. Mean captures of female B. cucurbitae per trap per week in torula yeast traps at different sites (a), in different habitats (a, insert graph), and as monthly means throughout the trapping periods in different habitats (b). Values with the same letter in insert graph are not significantly different at the 0.05 level (Tukey's test, post ANOVA). F = 2897.68; df = 5,27536; P <0.001; r2 = 34.48%; n = 2514 (gardens), 1807 (NW Oahu), 13230 (residential), 1886 (rural), 5630 (urban), 2475 (Waialua).

Figure 3a–b in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 3a–b. Mean captures of male B. cucurbitae per trap per week in cue-lure traps at different sites (a), in different habitats (a, insert graph), and as monthly means throughout the trapping periods in different habitats (b). Values with the same letter in insert graph are not significantly different at the 0.05 level (Tukey's test, post ANOVA). F = 5453.02; df = 5,18128; P <0.001; r2 = 60.06%); n = 2514 (gardens), 1807 (NW Oahu), 8879 (residential), 1720 (rural), 739 (urban), 2475 (Waialua).

Figure 7a–b in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 7a–b. Mean captures of male C. capitata per trap per week in trimedlure traps at different sites (a), in different habitats (a, insert graph), and as monthly means throughout the trapping periods in different habitats (b). Values with the same letter in insert graph are not significantly different at the 0.05 level (Tukey's test, post ANOVA). F = 586.20; df = 6,18127; P <0.001; r2 = 16.25%; n = 228 (coffee), 2514 (gardens), 1807 (NW Oahu), 8879 (residential), 1492 (rural), 739 (urban), 2475 (Waialua).

Figure 2a–f in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 2a–f. Overall mean (±SE) monthly captures of male B. cucurbitae in cue-lure traps (a), female B. cucurbitae in protein traps (b), male B. dorsalis in methyl eugenol traps (c), female B. dorsalis in protein traps (d), male C. capitata in trimedlure traps (e), and female C. capitata in protein traps, based on all trapping sites maintained on Oahu between April 2009 and December 2013.

Figure 9a–c in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 9a–c. Correlation between mean monthly captures of female flies in protein traps and males in male lure traps for B. cucurbitae (a), B. dorsalis (b), and C. capitata (c).

Figure 6a–b in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 6a–b. Mean captures of female B. dorsalis per trap per week in torula yeast traps at different sites (a), in different habitats (a, insert graph), and as monthly means throughout the trapping periods in different habitats (b). Values with the same letter in insert graph are not significantly different at the 0.05 level (Tukey's test, post ANOVA). F = 447.43; df = 5,27536; P <0.001; r2 = 7.51%; n = 2514 (gardens), 1807 (NW Oahu), 13230 (residential), 1886 (rural), 5630 (urban), 2475 (Waialua).

Figure 5a–b in Abundance and Seasonal Occurrence of Pest Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Residential and Rural Areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands)

Figure 5a–b. Mean captures of male B. dorsalis per trap per week in methyl eugenol traps at different sites (a), in different habitats (a, insert graph), and as monthly means throughout the trapping periods in different habitats (b). Values with the same letter in insert graph are not significantly different at the 0.05 level (Tukey's test, post ANOVA). F = 1459.54; df = 5,18128; P <0.001; r2 = 28.70%; n = 2514 (gardens), 1807 (NW Oahu), 8879 (residential), 1720 (rural), 739 (urban), 2475 (Waialua).

publicMay 2023View details →

Non-random mating within an island rookery of Hawaiian hawksbill turtles: demographic discontinuity at a small coastline scale

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