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608 results for “Heat stress”
Cellular and whole‐organism effects of prolonged versus acute heat stress in a montane, desert lizard
<p>Global climate change involves both prolonged periods of higher-than-normal temperatures, and short but extreme heat waves. Both types of temperature increases are likely to be detrimental to ectotherms, and even if such temperature increases do not cause mortality directly, compensating for such temperature increases will likely entail costs to organisms. We tested the effects of prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures and short-term, acute heat stress in wild populations of greater short-horned lizards (<i>Phrynosoma hernandesi</i>), a temperate, montane lizard of the Colorado Plateau, U.S.A. We transplanted one group of lizards from a high- to a low-elevation site, exposing them to a prolonged period of warmer temperatures. These lizards, exposed to prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures, experienced no change in sprint speed, endurance, or heat shock protein production after treatment compared to baseline levels; however, they had lower water content after the transplant to a warmer climate compared to before the transplant. We exposed a second group of lizards to acute heat stress by exposing them to thermally stressful temperatures for four hours. These lizards, exposed to a short period of acute heat stress, had no change in endurance, water content, or heat shock protein production following acute heat stress; however, lizards exposed to acute heat stress had slower sprint speeds than control lizards. Our results demonstrate that both prolonged temperature increases and acute heat stress, each of which are predicted to occur with climate change, had different cellular and/or whole organismal-level effects on lizards.</p>
Data for 'Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals'
<p>Physiological data (tab 1) and NanoSIMS data (tab 2) associated with publication 'Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals'. </p>
Supplementary Materials for "Transcriptome responses to heat and cold stress in prepupae of Trichogramma chilonis"
<p>Prepupae of <em>T. chilonis</em> were exposed to 10 (T1), 25 (T2), and 40°C (T3) for 4 h. Transcriptome of each group was sequenced. Comparison analysis was further performed to explore the molecular response to temperature stresses. These supplementary materials could provide us with a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms of <em>T. chilonis</em> in response to temperature stresses.</p>
RECOVERY TIME FROM PRIOR SUBLETHAL HEAT STRESS INFLUENCES SUBSEQUENT HEATWAVE-DRIVEN MORTALITY AND BEHAVIOUR
<ol> <li>Rising global ocean temperatures are influencing the incidences of extreme thermal events – including marine heatwaves (MHWs) – which, in turn, are affecting marine organisms physiologically. The consequence of acute stress depends, in part, on the temporal pattern of exposure. Such influence results as the molecular mechanisms triggered by stressful conditions are energetically costly, and therefore their activation can help or hinder an organism faced with additional stress depending on relative timing of exposure.</li> <li>Here we test the effect of consecutive MHWs separated by varying lengths of recovery on the shallow subtidal gastropod species, <em>Monodonta labio. </em>We exposed <em>M. labio </em>to two separate heatwave events (32 ºC) separated by either a 5-day, 10-day or 15-day recovery period (28 ºC) and assessed the effects on mortality, behaviour (attempt to right, success righting), and physiological performance (oxygen consumption rates) after each time period.</li> <li>While some mortality was experienced in the first heatwave event, it was significantly greater in the second event with a trend toward more mortality in the longer than shorter recovery period treatments. Over the duration of the experiment, longer recovery periods were associated with greater overall cumulative mortality. In terms of behaviour, although there was no change in attempt to right across the experimental periods, the proportion to successfully complete the behaviour decreased following the second heatwave. Interestingly, during the second heatwave no gastropods in the 5-day recovery treatment successfully righted, with some success observed for those with a longer recovery period. Despite these changes in mortality and behaviour, oxygen consumption rates remained consistent across treatments and the experimental period, indicating organisms did not adjust this process.</li> <li>Together, our results highlight that where a MHW event has sublethal effects, this could modify the response organisms show to a subsequent MHW. Moreover, the influence of this earlier MHW will be dependent upon the duration of the intervening recovery period afforded to organisms. Consequently, it will be important to consider repeat events, and the duration of recovery between them, when considering the effects of altered heatwave patterns driven by global climate change.</li> </ol>
Data from: It's cool to be dominant: social status alters short-term risks of heat stress
Climate change has potential to trigger social change. As a first step towards understanding mechanisms determining the vulnerability of animal societies to rising temperatures, we investigated interactions between social rank and thermoregulation in three arid-zone bird species: fawn-coloured lark (Mirafra africanoides, territorial); African red-eyed bulbul (Pycnonotus nigricans, loosely social) and sociable weaver (Philetairus socius, complex cooperative societies). We assessed relationships between body temperature (Tb), air temperature (Ta) and social rank in captive groups in the Kalahari Desert. Socially dominant weavers and bulbuls had lower mean Tb than subordinate conspecifics, and dominant individuals of all species maintained more stable Tb as Ta increased. Dominant bulbuls and larks tended to monopolise available shade, but dominant weavers did not. Nevertheless, dominant weavers thermoregulated more precisely, despite expending no more behavioural effort on thermoregulation than subordinates. Increasingly unequal risks associated with heat stress may have implications for stability of animal societies in warmer climates.
Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Urban Planning Scenario 2026 - 2045: Berlin, Germany
<p><strong>Berlin heat stress exposure map: average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data - urban planning scenario (2026-2045).</strong></p> <p>Heat stress exposure maps for Berlin representing the average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data per statistical unit. The average number of heatwave days per year has been modeled over the reference period 2026-2045 using the present land use / cover situation for the city but combined with urban planning projects information until 2030. Hence, the urban morphology has been updated accordingly.</p> <p><strong>Scenario: </strong>Urban planning scenario (situation LULC today + integrated urban planning projects 2030)</p> <p><strong>Exposure mapping variable: </strong><br /> Total population 2030<br /> Population density inhabitants per hectare 2030</p>
Heat Stress Maps - Urban Planning Scenarios 1986-2005 / 2026 - 2045: Berlin, Germany
<p>Heat stress maps for Berlin representing<br /> * the average number of heatwave days<br /> (1986 – 2005 | 2026 – 2045 | 2081 – 2100)<br /> per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>The heat stress parameter considered has been modelled over the reference period 2026 - 2045 using the present land use / cover situation for the city but combined urban planning projects information until 2030. Hence, the urban morphology has been updated accordingly.</p> <p>Scenario: Urban Planning</p>
Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Base Scenario 1986 - 2005: Almada, Portugal
<p><strong>Average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data - base scenario</strong></p> <p>Heat stress exposure maps for the city of Almada representing the average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data per statistical unit. The average number of heatwave days per year has been modelled over the reference period 1986-2005 using the present land use / cover situation for the city.</p> <p><strong>Exposure mapping variable include the following: </strong><br /> Total population 2011<br /> Population density inhabitants per hectare 2011<br /> Number of inhabitants aged 0 to 19 years 2011<br /> Number of inhabitants aged 20 to 65 years 2011<br /> Number of inhabitants aged +65 years 2011<br /> Number of childcare centres 2014<br /> Number of hospitals 2014<br /> Number of schools 2014<br /> Number of schools and universities 2014<br /> Number of universities 2014<br /> Number of resthomes 2014</p>
Heat Stress Maps - Urban Planning Scenarios 1986-2005 / 2026 - 2045: Antwerp, Belgium
<p>Heat stress maps for Antwerp representing<br /> * the average number of heatwave days<br /> (1986 – 2005 | 2026 – 2045 | 2081 – 2100)<br /> per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>The heat stress parameter considered has been modelled over the reference period 2026 - 2045 using the present land use / cover situation for the city but combined urban planning projects information until 2030. Hence, the urban morphology has been updated accordingly.</p>
Heat Stress Maps - Urban Planning Scenarios 1986-2005 / 2026 - 2045: Almada, Portugal
<p>Heat stress maps for the city of Almada representing<br /> * the average number of heatwave days<br /> (1986 – 2005 | 2026 – 2045 | 2081 – 2100)<br /> per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>The heat stress parameter considered has been modelled over the reference period 2026 - 2045 using the present land use / cover situation for the city but combined urban planning projects information until 2030. Hence, the urban morphology has been updated accordingly.</p>
Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Urban Planning Scenario 2026 - 2045: Antwerp, Belgium
<p><strong>Antwerp heat stress exposure map: average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data - urban planning scenario (2026-2045)</strong></p> <p>Heat stress exposure maps for Antwerp representing the average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data per statistical unit. The average number of heatwave days per year has been modeled over the reference period 2026-2045 using the present land use / cover situation for the city but combined with urban planning projects information until 2030. Hence, the urban morphology has been updated accordingly.</p> <p><strong>Exposure mapping variable include:</strong><br /> * Total population 2030<br /> * Population density inhabitants per hectare 2030</p>
Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Urban Planning Scenario 2026 - 2045: Almada, Portugal
<p><strong>Almada heat stress exposure map: average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data - urban planning scenario (2026-2045)</strong></p> <p>Heat stress exposure maps for the city of Almada representing the average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data per statistical unit. The average number of heatwave days per year has been modeled over the reference period 2026-2045 using the present land use / cover situation for the city but combined with urban planning projects information until 2030. Hence, the urban morphology has been updated accordingly.</p> <p>Exposure mapping variable include:<br /> * Total population 2011<br /> * Population density inhabitants per hectare 2011</p>
Heat Stress Maps - Base Scenarios 1986-2005 / 2026 - 2045 / 2081 - 2100: Almada, Portugal
<p>Heat stress maps for the city of Almada representing<br /> * the average number of heatwave days<br /> (1986 – 2005 | 2026 – 2045 | 2081 – 2100)<br /> per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>* The Urban Heat Island effect at 11pm per year<br /> (1986 - 2005) per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>The heat stress parameter considered has been modelled over the reference period using the present land use / cover situation for the city.</p> <p>Please note that only the base scenario 1986-2005 has got maps with the 2 heat stress parameters:<br /> * Average number of heat wave days per year<br /> * Urban Heat Island effect at 11pm per year</p>
Heat Stress Maps - Base Scenarios 1986-2005 / 2026 - 2045 / 2081 - 2100: Berlin, Germany
<p>Heat stress maps for Berlin representing<br /> * the average number of heatwave days<br /> (1986 – 2005 | 2026 – 2045 | 2081 – 2100)<br /> per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>* The Urban Heat Island effect at 11pm per year<br /> (1986 - 2005) per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>The heat stress parameter considered has been modelled over the reference period using the present land use / cover situation for the city.</p> <p>Please note that only the base scenario 1986-2005 has got maps with the 2 heat stress parameters:<br /> * Average number of heat wave days per year<br /> * Urban Heat Island effect at 11pm per year</p> <p>Scenario: Base scenario (situation LULC today)</p>
Heat Stress Maps - Base Scenarios 1986-2005 / 2026 - 2045 / 2081 - 2100: Antwerp, Belgium
<p>Heat stress maps for Antwerp representing<br /> * the average number of heatwave days<br /> (1986 – 2005 | 2026 – 2045 | 2081 – 2100)<br /> per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>* The Urban Heat Island effect at 11pm per year<br /> (1986 - 2005) per statistical unit or per grid</p> <p>The heat stress parameter considered has been modelled over the reference period using the present land use / cover situation for the city.</p> <p>Please note that only the base scenario 1986-2005 has got maps with the 2 heat stress parameters:<br /> * Average number of heat wave days per year<br /> * Urban Heat Island effect at 11pm per year</p>
Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Base Scenario 1986 - 2005: Antwerp, Belgium
<p>Average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data - base scenario (1986-2005)</p> <p>Heat stress exposure maps for the city of Antwerp representing the average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data per statistical unit. The average number of heatwave days per year has been modelled over the reference period 1986-2005 using the present land use / cover situation for the city.</p> <p><strong>Exposure mapping variable include the following: </strong></p> <p>Total population 2014</p> <p>Population density inhabitants per hectare 2014</p> <p>Number of inhabitants aged 0 to 4 years 2014</p> <p>Number of inhabitants aged 0 to 17 years 2014</p> <p>Number of inhabitants aged 18 to 65 years 2014</p> <p>Number of inhabitants aged +65 years 2014</p> <p>Number of schools 2014</p> <p>Number of childcare centers 2014</p> <p>Number of hospitals 2014</p> <p>Number of elderly stay facilities 2014</p>
Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Base Scenario 1986 - 2005: Berlin, Germany (Map-2 & Map-3)
<p>Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Base Scenario 1986 - 2005: Berlin, Germany</p> <p>Map-2 & Map-3 (zip.file) ref. to DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.45015</p>
Heat Stress Exposure Maps - Base Scenario 1986 - 2005: Berlin, Germany
<p><strong>Average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data - base scenario (1986-2005)</strong></p> <p>Heat stress exposure maps for the city of Berlin representing the average number of heatwave days per year versus socio economic data per statistical unit. The average number of heatwave days per year has been modelled over the reference period 1986-2005 using the present land use / cover situation for the city.</p> <p><strong>Exposure mapping variable include the following:</strong></p> <p>Total population 2013</p> <p>Population density inhabitants per hectare 2013</p> <p>Number of inhabitants aged 0 to 17 years 2013</p> <p>Number of inhabitants aged 18 to 65 years 2013</p> <p>Number of inhabitants aged +65 years 2013</p> <p>Number of schools 2014</p> <p>Number of childcare centers 2014</p> <p>Number of hospitals 2014</p> <p>Number of elderly stay facilities 2014</p>
Data from: Seeking temporal refugia to heat stress: Increasing nocturnal activity despite predation risk
<p>Flexibility in activity timing may enable organisms to quickly adapt to environmental changes. Under global warming, diurnally adapted endotherms may achieve a better energy balance by shifting their activity towards cooler nocturnal hours. However, this shift may expose animals to new or increased environmental challenges (e.g., increased predation risk, reduced foraging efficiency). We analysed a large dataset of activity data from 47 ibex (<em>Capra ibex</em>) in two protected areas, characterized by varying levels of predation risk (presence vs absence of the wolf – <em>Canis lupus</em>). We found that ibex increased nocturnal activity following warmer days and during brighter nights. Despite the considerable sexual dimorphism typical of this species and the consequent different predation-risk perception, males and females demonstrated consistent responses to heat in both predator-present and predator-absent areas. This supports the hypothesis that shifting activity towards nighttime may be a common strategy adopted by diurnal endotherms in response to global warming. As nowadays different pressures are pushing mammals towards nocturnality, our findings emphasize the urgent need to integrate knowledge of temporal behavioural modifications into management and conservation planning.</p>
QTL mapping: insights into genomic regions governing component traits of yield under combined heat and drought stress in wheat
<p>The mapping population comprises of 180 RILs developed from a cross between GW322 and KAUZ.</p> <p><strong>Phenotypic data</strong><br>Phenotypic evaluation was conducted across two consecutive crop seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23) under late sown irrigation (LSIR) and late sown restricted irrigation (LSRI) conditions at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. Various physiological and agronomic traits of importance were measured. The component traits of yield including days to heading (DH), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), SPAD chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), thousand-grain weight (TGW), grain weight per spike (GWPS), biomass (BM) and grain yield per plot (PY) were measured under heat and combined stress conditions.</p> <p><strong>Genotypic data</strong><br>DNA was isolated from 21-day-old seedlings using the CTAB method (Murray and Thompson, 1980). DNA quality check was done using 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis. The Axiom Breeders' array containing 35K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was employed for the genotyping of RILs and parents.</p>
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