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Fig. 2 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 2. Anterior portion of the body of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5929, 37.1 mm SL, holotype. Arrows indicate the limits of the pseudotympanum.

Fig. 12 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 12. Rhamdiopsis krugi, ca. 30.0 mm SL, adult, live specimen photographed in the nature in August, 1991, not collected; Poço Encantado cave, ca. 7 km from left margin of the rio Una, Municipality of Itaetê, State of Bahia, Brazil.

Fig. 7 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 7. Anterior vertebrae of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. AB) anterior branch of transverse process 4; AP) accessory process of vertebra 7; ll1-3) lateral line sensory branches 1 to 3; NL) neural lamina (neural arches of vertebrae 3 and 4); NS4) neural spine of vertebra 4; PB) posterior branch of transverse process 4; SB) swimbladder; TP4) transverse process 4; and TP5) transverse process 5. Arrow indicates osseous bridge joining anterior and posterior branches of transverse process 4. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 4. Cranium of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. a) dorsal view; b) ventral view. Abbreviations: AF) anterior fontanel; AN) antorbital; AP) autopalatine; AT) antorbital tubule; BL) Baudelot's ligament; BO) basioccipital; EC) ethmoidean cartilage; EP) epioccipital; ES) extrascapula; EX) exoccipital; FR) frontal; HF) hyomandibular facet; i1-6) infraorbital sensory branches 1 to 6; LE) lateral ethmoid; ME) mesethmoid; MX) maxilla; NA) nasal; OF) optic foramen (rudiment); OS) orbitosphenoid; PA) parasphenoid; PF) posterior fontanel; PM) premaxilla; PO) prootic; po1-3) postotic sensory branches 1 to 3; PT) pterotic; PS) pterosphenoid; s1-3) supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 3; s6) supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); s7) supraorbital sensory branch 7 (postorbital branch); s8) supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch); SC) supracleithrum; SP) sphenotic; ST1-4) suborbital tubules 1 to 4; SU) supraoccipital; TF) trigeminofacial foramen; VL) ventrolateral limb of supracleithrum; VM) ventromedial limb of supracleithrum; and VO) vomer. Scale bars = 1.5 mm.

Fig. 6 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 6. Gill arches of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. Gill rakers and dorsal elements of left gill arches not shown. AN) accessory cartilaginous nodule; BB2-4) basibranchials 2 to 4; CB1-5) ceratobranchials 1 to 5; EB1-5) epibranchials 1 to 5; HB1-3) hypobranchials 1 to 3; PB3-4) pharyngobranchials 3 and 4; TP) tooth plate; and UP) uncinate process. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 3. Anterior portion of the body of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5929, 37.1 mm SL, holotype, showing laterosensory canal system. a) lateral view; b) dorsal view; c) ventral view. i1) infraorbital sensory branch 1; i2) infraorbital sensory branch 2 (antorbital branch); i3-6) infraorbital sensory branches 3 to 6; ll1) lateral line sensory branch 1; ll2-11) lateral line sensory branches 2 to 11; pm1-11) preoperculomandibular sensory branches 1 to 11; po1) postotic sensory branch 1; po1+pm11) postotic-preoperculomandibular complex sensory branch (postotic sensory branch 1 + preoperculomandibular sensory branch 11); po2) postotic sensory branch 2 (pterotic or temporal branch); po3) postotic sensory branch 3; s1-3) supraorbital sensory branches 1 to 3; s6) supraorbital sensory branch 6 (epiphyseal branch); and s8) supraorbital sensory branch 8 (parietal branch). Scale bar = 3 mm.

Fig. 10 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 10. Pelvic girdle of Rhamdiopsis krugi, LIRP 5928, 33.9 mm SL, paratype. Dorsal view. BS) basipterygium; EP) external anterior process (or anterolateral arm); IP) internal anterior process (or anteromedial arm); LP) lateral process; NF) neural foramen; and PP) posterior process. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 14 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 14. Geographic distribution of Rhamdiopsis krugi. a) Eastern Brazil; b) detail of the upper rio Paraguaçu. Legends: 1) rio Paraguaçu; 2) rio São Francisco; 3) rio Una; i) Poço Encantado; ii) Lapa do Bode; and iii) Gruta Natal. Symbol (star) in map a represents the three localities.

Fig. 15 in The blind catfish from the caves of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae): description, anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, natural history, and biogeography

Fig. 15. View of the type-locality of Rhamdiopsis krugi, Poço Encantado cave (12º56'37''S 41º06'05''W), Municipality of Itaetê, Bahia, northeastern Brazil, taken in 2008. Courtesy of Adriano Gambarini.

Fig. 7 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 7. Relationship between the standard length and the length of the upper lobe of the caudal fin in Pimelodella 2n = 46 (dark diamonds, N = 13) and 2n = 52 (light squares, N = 15).

Fig. 3 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 3. Dendrogram of genetic similarity among the species of Pimelodella from the Miranda River based on the Jaccard coefficient and on UPGMA clustering method, showing the formation of two clusters.

Fig. 6. a in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 6. a to c) Pimelodella 2n = 52, from the Miranda River basin, Passo do Lontra, MS: a) dorsal filament and upper lobe of caudal fin elongated (male, 123.6 mm SL), b) dorsal fin filament slightly elongated and upper lobe of caudal fin elongated (male, 106.8 mm SL), c) filament on dorsal fin absent and upper lobe of caudal fin not elongated (male, 117.6 mm SL). d to f) Pimelodella 2n = 46 from the Miranda River basin, Passo do Lontra, MS: d) filament on dorsal fin elongated and upper lobe of caudal fin slightly elongated (male, 82.7 mm SL), e) Filament on the dorsal fin slightly elongated and upper lobe of caudal fin not elongated (female, 93.2 mm SL), f) Filament on the dorsal fin absent and upper lobe of caudal fin elongated (female, 85.1 mm SL).

Fig. 2 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 2. Karyotypes of Pimelodella from the Miranda River, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul State. (a) 2n = 46, and (b) 2n = 52.

Fig. 1 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 1. Collection sites of Pimelodella specimens (black circle, 19°34'37"S and 57°00' 42"W) in the Miranda River basin, Passo do Lontra, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.

Fig. 4 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 4. Projection of the individual scores obtained through the analysis of the Principal Components of the combined samples of Pimelodella with 2n = 46 (diamonds) and with 2n = 52 (squares).

Fig. 5 in Cryptic species of the genus Pimelodella (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Miranda River, Paraguay River basin, Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil

Fig. 5. Pectoral-fin spines in Pimelodella from the Miranda River. a) 2n = 46; b) 2n = 52. Scale bar = 5 mm.

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Fig. 1 in Skin extract from Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) does not promote stress in conspecifics

Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the tank used for behavioral analysis of R. quelen, indicating the axes of evaluation of locomotory activity (arrows, "x" and "y") and the location of the aeration stone and placement of alarm substance (*).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2011View details →

Fig. 5. Average and 95 in Larvae occurrences of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in an area under dam influence in the upper Paraná River region, Brazil

Fig. 5. Average and 95% confidence interval for the mean log (Dens. + 1) observed in the different sampling stations 10 during the period (Different letters indicate significant differences according to the Unequal HSD test).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2011View details →

Fig. 4 in Larvae occurrences of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in an area under dam influence in the upper Paraná River region, Brazil

Fig. 4. Monthly average values of environmental variables in different spawning periods in Ilha Grande National Park.