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389 results for “Herbs”
Data from: Different taxonomic and functional indices complement the understanding of herb-layer community assembly patterns in a southern-limit temperate forest
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Data for: The genetic basis of floral mechanical isolation between two hummingbird-pollinated Neotropical understory herbs
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Variation in the location and timing of experimental severing demonstrates that the persistent rhizome serves multiple functions in a clonal forest understory herb
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Data from: Plant traits regulated metal(loid)s in dominant herbs in an antimony mining area of the Karst Zone, China
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Data from: Context matters: the landscape matrix determines the population genetic structure of temperate forest herbs across Europe
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Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcress herbs
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Demography of the understory herb Heliconia acuminata (Heliconiaceae) in an experimentally fragmented tropical landscape
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Demography of the rare herb, Polygala lewtonii (Polygalaceae), with multiple fires on the Lake Wales Ridge in south-central Florida from 2001-2017 (ongoing)
Demographic data on 5,060 individually marked plants of the endemic State and federally listed Polygala lewtonii (Lewton's milkwort; Polygalaceae) were collected from December 2001 to December 2017 at the Lake Wales Ridge National Wildlife Refuge Carter Creek in south-central Florida, USA. Data collection is still ongoing. In 220 permanent 25 cm radius circular plots, plants were marked with plastic toothpicks and wire stake flags with a unique identification number. Data collection occurred quarterly with survival and recruitment recorded in March, June, September and December and more detailed measures of size and fecundity taken in March. This species is amphicarphic with both showy-open flowers produced in spring (chasmogamy) and closed, self-pollinating flowers both above- and belowground produced in late summer (cleistogamy). Therefore, our fecundity data are based only on chasmogamy. This dataset also captures post-fire mortality and recruitment events following four prescribed burns.
The importance of variation in vital rates and environmental resource availability in predicting demography of a rare understory herb
Plant demography is a function of both the vital rate characteristics of a species (i.e., survival, growth, and reproduction) and the environmental factors that interact with them to create population dynamics. A more detailed understanding of how local-scale environmental factors and variation in individual vital rates shape population-level demographic patterns is needed to improve predictions of population responses to environmental change and implement successful plant conservation strategies. In this study, we examined how individual vital rates for Shortia galacifolia, an endangered, evergreen herb endemic to the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA, change as a function of individual size and resource availability and how that variation affects Shortia demography at four sites representing natural and introduced populations using integral projection models (IPMs). We found that Shortia population growth is positively related to individual size and soil moisture. Changes in soil moisture availability altered the importance of survival and growth in predicting Shortia demography but did not affect the contribution of asexual reproduction for most sites. Moreover, changes in vital rate contributions under a low soil moisture scenario were limited to introduced populations growing outside Shortia’s natural climate envelope. Our study underscores the importance of quantifying the influence of individual state characteristics and environmental variables on different vital rates among natural and introduced populations and demonstrates how the combination of these factors can contribute to the success or failure of rare plant populations.
Tree, shrub, and herb data from 10 Hillslope Project sites located in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin
Vegetation was surveyed on 10 sites in the upper Little Tennessee River watershed in Macon County, North Carolina during the summer of 2012. The sites represent a gradient of development, including forested sites, agricultural sites, and exurban sites. All woody vegetation >2.5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured and identified within twelve 10 x 10 m plots at each site. Woody shrubs >0.5 m in height and <2.5 cm DBH were counted and identified within a 1x10 m transect in each plot. Herbs and woody plants <0.5m in height were identified and percent cover estimated in 3 1 x 1 m subplots located within each of the larger 10 x 10 m plots.
Survey of forest herb abundance at 55 sites in the French Broad River watershed, 2009.
We identified 14 native herbaceous species that represented a range of habitat generalists and specialists, and were common to the area. Sampling took place from May – August 2009. We selected sites by generating random points across 5 watersheds in ArcGIS and choosing a subset of 54 sites that were accessible, not recently logged, and not dominated by Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.), or mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia). A 20x20-m plot was established at each site containing 3 transects at 0-m, 10-m, and 20-m, perpendicular to the slope. Using a modified version of the Braun Blanquet (1932) scale, we recorded percent cover for each focal species within 1-m2 quadrats at 6 evenly spaced intervals along each transect (18 quadrats per plot). The entire plot was thoroughly searched and the presence of any focal species not recorded in a quadrat was noted and assigned to the lowest cover class (0-0.1%). Within each quadrat, we also measured percent total herb and shrub cover, and litter depth (an average of 4 measurements). Slope and terrain shape were determined using a clinometer. We extracted elevation and distance to stream for each plot using 30-m digital elevation models (DEMs) in ArcGIS. Distance to stream represents relative slope position and was obtained by calculating flow accumulation and the distance from plots to the nearest point of highest accumulation, using a threshold of 100 pixels. High values indicate positions upslope near ridges and low values indicate positions downslope close to streams or coves. Five soil cores (5 cm diameter, 15 cm depth) were obtained from each plot, composited, sieved (4 mm) and oven-dried. Soils were analyzed for total N, organic matter, P, K+, Ca++, Mg++, and pH by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory using standard methods. Soil texture was determined in the laboratory using the hydrometer method.
Measures of plant performance for 4 species of forest herbs in the French Broad Watershed, 2009-2011
We used empirical measurements collected over three years to compare plant performance indicators for understory herbs across an elevation gradient (used as a proxy for temperature) in old (logged > 100 years ago) and young (20-40 years post-harvest) forested stands in the Southern Appalachians, USA. Specifically, we asked (1) how do stand age and temperature affect performance of four species of forest herbs in natural populations, and (2) do these effects vary across years with different precipitation patterns?
Trait coordination and environmental filters shape functional trait distributions of forest understory herbs
We test the importance of environmental filtering and trait covariance for structuring the functional traits of understory herbaceous communities.
Data from: Pollen competition between morphs in a pollen-color dimorphic herb and the loss of phenotypic polymorphism within populations
Flower color polymorphism is relatively uncommon in natural flowering plants, suggesting that maintenance of different color morphs within populations is difficult. To address the selective mechanisms shaping pollen-color dimorphism, pollinator preferences and reproductive performance were studied over three years in Epimedium pubescens in which some populations had plants with either green or yellow pollen (and anthers). Visitation rate and pollen removal and receipt by the bee pollinator (Andrena emeishanica) did not differ between the two color morphs. Compared to the green morph, siring success of the yellow morph's pollen was lower, but that of mixtures of pollen from green and yellow morphs was lowest. This difference, corresponding to in and ex vivo experiments on pollen performance, indicated that pollen germination, rather than tube growth, of the green morph was higher than that of the yellow morph and was seriously constrained in both morphs if a pollen competitor was present. A rare green morph may invade a yellow-morph population, but the co-existence of pollen color variants is complicated by the reduced siring success of mixed pollinations. Potential pollen competition between morphs may have discouraged the maintenance of multiple phenotypes within populations, a cryptic mechanism of competitive exclusion.
Data from: Latitudinal patterns of herbivore pressure in a temperate herb support the biotic interactions hypothesis
The longstanding biotic interactions hypothesis predicts that herbivore pressure declines with latitude, but the evidence is mixed. To address gaps in previous studies, we measured herbivory and defense in the same system, quantified defense with bioassays, and considered effects of leaf age. We quantified herbivory and defense of young and mature leaves along a continental gradient in eastern North America in the native herb Phytolacca americana. Herbivory in the field declined with latitude and was strongly correlated with Lepidopteran abundance. Laboratory bioassays revealed that leaf palatability was positively correlated with latitude of origin. Young leaves were more damaged than mature leaves at lower latitudes in the field, but less palatable in bioassays. Both defense and palatability displayed non-linear latitudinal patterns, suggesting potential mechanisms based on biological or climatic thresholds. In sum, observational and experimental studies find patterns consistent with high herbivore pressure and stronger plant defenses at lower latitudes.
"Green Apples" by Herb Mignery
"Green Apples" is a bronze sculpture located in the Mignery Sculpture Garden in Bartlett, Nebraska, home to one of the largest displays of bronze statues in the country. This piece is by acclaimed sculptor Herb Mignery, a Bartlett native. He is a member of the Cowboy Artists of America, the National Sculptor's Guild and the National Sculpture Society of America. His works are in private and public collections across the country. To learn more about Herb Mignery and his work, watch this story "[Herb Mignery, Cowboy Artist](https://nebraskastories.org/videos/herb-mignery-cowboy-artist/)" at NebraskaStories.org Retopo in Zbrush. Texture paint in 3D Coat. Texture bake in 3D Coat. Produced by Michele Wolford; Models created by David Koehn; Photography by David Koehn & Tyler Kersting; Sound Sweetening: Werner Althaus; Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Supplementary files for 'Adding 'flavour' to past cuisines: first steps towards a phytolith reference collection of modern Mediterranean herbs'
<p><strong>ESM1</strong>. Supplementary tables:</p> <ul> <li> <p><strong><span>Table S1</span></strong><span>. List of samples analysed in this study. </span><span>Phytolith concentration per gram of original plant tissue. BBG: Barcelona Botanical Garden. BGPC: Botanical Park & Gardens of Crete. PPFF: Park for the Preservation of Fauna and Flora of the Technical University of Crete. Aerial parts: mix of leaves and flowers/inflorescences.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Table S2</strong>. <span>Protocol for extracting phytoliths from modern plants.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>Table S3</span></strong><span>. Weight (in grams) of the original dry plant tissue and the ash left after processing the samples, number of phytoliths observed in each sample and phytolith concentration per gram of original dry plant tissue.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>Table S4</span></strong><span>. Code used for describing phytolith morphotypes and sub-morphotypes according to the ICPN 2.0 (ICPT 2019).</span></p> </li> <li><strong><span>Table S5</span></strong><span>. Results of the microscopic analysis of phytolith samples from modern Mediterranean herbs.</span></li> </ul> <p><span><strong>ESM2</strong>. Reference atlas of phytoliths observed in modern Mediterranean herbs.</span></p>
Soil nitrogen mediates the effect of distance from climatic center on herbivory rates in a tropical herb
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The center-periphery hypothesis predicts that species are most abundant at the center of their range. Differential herbivory rates between center and periphery populations can explain this variation in species abundance. However, if the geographic center of a species distribution coincides with its ecological optimum, the resource availability hypothesis predicts higher herbivory rates and tolerances at the center compared to the periphery. Biogeographic studies on herbivory have treated these two mechanisms separately, limiting our mechanistic understanding of the role of herbivory in shaping species range limits. We analyzed the role of resource availability on herbivory variation from center to periphery using data collected across the distribution of <i>Thunberbia atacorensis,</i> a range limited species of West Africa. We used two types of distances: geographic distance (the distance from each plot to the geographic center of all populations) and climatic distance (the distance from each plot to the preferendum of the species). We found no increase in herbivory toward the periphery of the climatic and geographic ranges. However, herbivory rates increased with soil nitrogen. Nitrogen in soil decrease from center to periphery of climatic range. Phylogenetic diversity and surrounding plants' competition did not affect herbivory rates. Our study provides insights into how nutrient limitation can shape species center-periphery distribution by altering spatial variation in herbivory rates.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data for: Soil microbiota explain differences in herbivore resistance between native and invasive populations of a perennial herb
<p><span>Soil microbiota can either slow down or facilitate plant invasions through their effects on plant performance. Associations with soil microbiota can also modify other plant traits such as herbivore resistance, which can indirectly affect the outcome of plant introductions. </span></p> <p><span>We studied the effects of soil microbiota on the perennial herbaceous legume <em>Lupinus polyphyllus</em> that hosts nitrogen-fixing mutualistic bacteria. We compared the plant performance, herbivore resistance, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of plants from native (North American) and invasive (Finnish) populations of the species that were inoculated with intact or autoclaved soil from an invasive population. </span></p> <p><span>We found that plants of both origins greatly benefited from the intact soil inoculum with respect to all performance measures considered, suggesting that beneficial nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in the soil play a major role in shaping plant phenotypes. For three traits, effects of the intact soil inoculum were stronger in plants of native origin than in plants of invasive origin (number of leaves, herbivore resistance, and total biomass). With the intact soil inoculum, plants of invasive origin were more resistant to snails than plants of native origin. Strikingly, differences in resistance to snails between plants of different origins disappeared entirely when soil microbes were reduced. Soil inoculum treatment altered the composition of the leaf VOC bouquet similarly regardless of plant origin. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: These results demonstrate the ability of <em>L. polyphyllus</em> to associate with and benefit from putatively novel soil microbiota including rhizobia, which has likely contributed to its invasion success. Furthermore, it appears that the invasive populations have adapted to be less reliant on their symbionts, which further facilitates species spread. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that differences in herbivore resistance between native and invasive plant populations of the same species can depend entirely on soil microbiota.</span></p>
Pollinator data from: Pollinator movement activity influences genetic diversity and differentiation of spatially isolated populations of clonal forest herbs
<p>In agricultural landscapes, forest herbs live in small, spatially isolated forest patches. For their long-term survival, their populations depend on animals as genetic linkers that provide pollen- or seed-mediated gene flow among different forest patches. However, whether insect pollinators serve as genetic linkers among spatially isolated forest herb populations in agricultural landscapes remains to be shown. Here, we used population genetic methods to analyze: (A) the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of two common, slow-colonizing temperate forest herb species (<em>Polygonatum</em> <em>multiflorum</em> (L.) All. and <em>Anemone</em> <em>nemorosa</em> L.) in spatially isolated populations within three agricultural landscapes in Germany and Sweden and (B) the movement activity of their most relevant associated pollinator species, i.e., the bumblebee <em>Bombus</em> <em>pascuorum</em> (Scopoli, 1763) and the hoverfly <em>Melanostoma</em> <em>scalare</em> (Fabricus, 1794), respectively, which differ in their mobility. We tested whether the indicated pollinator movement activity affected the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the forest herb populations. Bumblebee movement indicators that solely indicated movement activity between the forest patches affected both genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the associated forest herb <em>P</em>. <em>multiflorum</em> in a way that can be explained by pollen-mediated gene flow among the forest herb populations. In contrast, movement indicators reflecting the total movement activity at a forest patch (including within-forest patch movement activity) showed unexpected effects for both plant-pollinator pairs that might be explained by accelerated genetic drift due to enhanced sexual reproduction. Our integrated approach revealed that bumblebees serve as genetic linkers of associated forest herb populations, even if they are more than 2 km apart from each other. No such evidence was found for the forest-associated hoverfly species which showed significant genetic differentiation among forest patches itself. Our approach also indicated that a higher within-forest patch movement activity of both pollinator species might enhance sexual recruitment and thus diminishes the temporal buffer that clonal growth provides against habitat fragmentation effects.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.