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Fig. 5 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 5. Details of the head and pronotum of the Helophorus (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (a – Xizang: 90 km W of Amdo; b,d – Qinghai: Golo; c – Xizang: 25 km W of Amdo; e – India: Kar Tso (Orchymont coll.). Not to scale.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 2. Adult morphology of Helophorus (Lihelophorus). a–f – details of left half of pronotum (a,c,e) and base of left elytron (b, d, f): a–b – H. yangae sp. nov.; c–d – H. ser Zaitzev, 1908; e–f – H. lamicola Zaitzev, 1908; arrow in (a) shows remnants of pronotal granulations, arrows in (b, d, f) show scutellary stria. g–h – prothoracic hypomeron and 'suprapleural area' (g – H. yangae sp. nov.; h – H. ser). i – detail of posterior margin of abdominal ventrite 5 of H. ser, showing the irregular denticulation. j – ventral view of the thorax of H. ser. k – dorsolateral portion of left elytron of H. lamicola. Abbreviations: ep – epipleuron; li – last elytral interval. Not to scale.

Fig. 15 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 15. Thorax and abdomen of Lihelophorus and Helophorus s.str. a–d – metathoracic legs (a – H. (H.) liguricus Angus, 1970, frontal view; b–c – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (b – frontal; c – posterior); d – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908). e–f – thorax and first abdominal segments of H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (e – lateral view; f – dorsal view). g–h – abdominal segments (dorsal and ventral views): g – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov.; h – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908. i–j – abdominal segment 9 and urogomphi: i – H. (H.) liguricus Angus, 1970; j – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. Abbreviations: abd1 – abdominal segment 1; msth – mesothorax; mtth – metathorax; pth – prothorax; sp – spiracle.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 1. Adult morphology of Helophorus (Lihelophorus). a–b – H. yangae sp. nov. (a – ventral view of the head; b – detail of mentum and labial palps); c–d – maxillary galea and lacinia (c – H. yangae sp. nov.; d – H. ser Zaitzev, 1908); e–f – mandible (e – H. yangae sp. nov.; f – H. ser); g – labial palpus of H. ser; h–l – hind legs in dorsal view (h – H. yangae sp. nov.; i – H. ser; j – H. lamicola Zaitzev, 1908; k – detail of apex of tibia and base of tarsus of H. lamicola; l – detail of tarsomere 5 and claw of H. ser). Abbreviations: sh – swimming hairs. Not to scale.

Fig. 11 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 11. Head capsules of first instar larvae of Lihelophorus and Helophorus s.str. a–b – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – ventral; b – dorsal). c–d – H. (H.) liguricus Angus, 1970 (c – ventral; d – dorsal).

Fig. 4 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 4. Details of the head and pronotum of the Helophorus (Lihelophorus) specimens. a–c – H. lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – Qinghai: Zhaling Hu (lectotype); b–c – Qinghai: Golo). d–h – H. ser Zaitzev, 1908 (d – Qinghai: valley of Alag Hu lake (lectotype); e–f – Qinghai: Golo; g – Xizang, Nyainqentanglha Feng; h – Gansu: Xiahe env.). Not to scale.

Fig. 18. Meiosis metaphase II in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 18. Meiosis metaphase II from testes of Helophorus (Lihelophorus) species from Qinghai: Zuimatan. a–b – H. lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – with y chromosome; b – with X chromosome). c – H. ser Zaitzev, 1908, with X chromosome. d–e – H. yangae sp. nov. (d – with y chromosome; e – with X chromosome).

Fig. 8 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 8. Immature stages of Lihelophorus. a–d – head and prothorax of first instar larvae: a–b – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (a – dorsal; b – ventral); c–d – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (c – dorsal; d – ventral). e–f – egg cases: e – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908; f – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov.; g–j – abdomen with spiracles containing air bubbles: g–h – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (g – tracheal gills and its tracheal system; h – detail of tracheal branching around abdominal spiracle); i–j – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (i – detail of tracheal system around abdominal spiracles; j – tracheal system of abdomen). Abbreviations: sp – spiracle; trg – tracheal gill.

Fig. 14 in Taxonomy, larval morphology and cytogenetics of Lihelophorus, the Tibetan endemic subgenus of Helophorus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)

Fig. 14. Head appendages of larvae of Lihelophorus and Helophorus s.str. a–b – labium of H. (H.) liguricus Angus, 1970 (a – ventral; b – dorsal). c–h – maxilla: a–d – H. (H.) liguricus (c – ventral; d – dorsal); e–f – H. (Lihelophorus) yangae sp. nov. (e – ventral; f – dorsal); g–h – H. (Lihelophorus) lamicola Zaitzev, 1908 (g – ventral; h – dorsal).

Figs. 94–103. Taxa excluded from the hydrophilid lineage. 94–99 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 94–103. Taxa excluded from the hydrophilid lineage. 94–99 – 'Mesohelophorus' mongolicus Ponomarenko, 1986 (94–95 – PIN 3152/4355, holotype, piece and counterpiece; 96, 99 – PIN 3152/4312, piece and counterpiece; 97 – same specimen, detail of head in dorsal view; 99 – head and prosternum of the holotype). 100 – 'Mesosperchus' angulatus Ponomarenko, 1985, holotype; 101 – 'Mesosperchus' schultzi Ponomarenko, 1985, holotype, piece; 102–103 – 'Mesosperchus' notatus Ponomarenko, 1977, holotype (102 – general view; 103 – detail of elytral structure). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs. 38–41 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 38–41. Helophorus (Mesohelophorus) palaeosibiricus nom. nov. 38–39 – PIN 3063/841, holotype, piece and counterpiece; 40–41 – PIN 3064/6981, piece and counterpiece. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs. 42–52 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 42–52. Representatives of Hydrophilopsia Ponomarenko, 1986 and Laetopsia gen. nov. 42–48 – Hydrophilopsia longitarsalis Ponomarenko, 1986, holotype (42–43 – piece and couterpiece, general views; 44 – detail of the head and thorax, photo under alcohol; 45 – same, photo in dry state; 46 – detail of aedeagus; 47 – legs of piece, 48 – legs of counterpiece). 49–52 – Laetopsia shatrovskiyi (Prokin, Ren & Fikáček, 2010) (49, 51 – CNU 2009199; 50, 52 – CNU 2010242).

Figs. 63–72. Cretotaenia pallida Ponomarenko, 1977. 63 – PIN 1989 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 63–72. Cretotaenia pallida Ponomarenko, 1977. 63 – PIN 1989/2890 (holotype), general view; 64 – PIN 3064/6848, detail of the head in dorsolateral view; 65 – PIN 3064/6872, detail of anterior portion of the head; 66 – PIN 3064/6899, head and prothorax; 67 – PIN 3064/6883, head, thorax and abdominal segments 1–2; 68 – PIN 4210/595, detail of the head; 69 – PIN 3064/6848, detail of abdominal segments in lateral view; 70 – PIN 3064/6871, urogomphi; 71 – PIN 1989/2900, urogomphi; 72 – PIN 3064/6897, urogomphi. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs. 19–25. Cretotaenia pallida Ponomarenko, 1977. 19 – PIN 3064 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 19–25. Cretotaenia pallida Ponomarenko, 1977. 19 – PIN 3064/6848, larva in dorsolateral position; 20 – PIN 1989/2890 (holotype), general view; 21 – PIN 3064/6883, head, thorax and abdominal segments 1–2; 22 – PIN 1989/2900, urogomphi; H: 23 – PIN 3064/6871, urogomphi; 24 – PIN 3064/6953, urogomphi; 25 – PIN 3064/6897, urogomphi. Scale bars: 1 mm.Abbreviations: msth – mesothorax; mtth – metathorax; prth – prothorax; sp – spiracle; ur – urogomphus.

Figs. 9–13. Laetopsia gen. nov. 9 – L in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 9–13. Laetopsia gen. nov. 9 – L. hydraenoides (Prokin, Ren & Fikáček, 2010), holotype. 10–11 – L. mongolica (Ponomarenko, 1987) (10 – PIN 3664/1567, holotype; 11 – PIN 3664/1661). 12–13 – L. shatrovskiyi (Prokin, Ren & Fikáček, 2010) (12 – CNU 2010199; 13 – CNU 2010242, holotype). Scale bars: 2 mm (a: Figs. 9, 12–13; b: Figs. 10–11). Abbreviations: ant – antenna; sct – scutellum.

Figs. 5–8 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 5–8. Laetopsia baissensis (Ponomarenko, 1987). 5 – PIN 3064/7018; 6 – PIN 3064/7010, detail of prosternum; 7 – PIN 3064/6987; 8 – PIN 3064/6984, elytron. Scale bars 2 mm (a: Fig. 5, b: Fig. 6, c: Figs. 7–8). Abbreviations: ant – antenna; sct – scutellum.

Figs. 29–37 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 29–37. Helophorus (Mesosperchus) tarsalis (Ponomarenko, 1977). 29–30 – PIN 3063/2194, piece and counterpiece; 31–32 – PIN 3063/2192 (31 – general view of the piece, 32 – detail of genitalia of the counterpiece); 33–34 – PIN 3063/735, holotype of Mesohelophorus elongatus Ponomarenko, 1990, piece and counterpiece; 35 – PIN 3063/116; 36 – PIN 3015/367, holotype of Mesosperchus tarsalis Ponomarenko, 1977; 37 – PIN 3015/1769. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: aed – aedeagus; mxp – maxillary palpus; sct – scutellum.

Figs. 27–28 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 27–28. Representatives of Helophorus, subgenus Mesosperchus Ponomarenko, 1977. 27 – H. (M.) inceptivus sp. nov. (PIN 4270/1008, holotype); 28 – H. (M.) yixianus sp.nov. (CNU 2010004, holotype). Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: ant – antenna.

Figs. 73–82 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Figs. 73–82. Representatives of Helophorus, subgenus Mesosperchus Ponomarenko, 1977. 73–79 – Helophorus tarsalis (Ponomarenko, 1977) (73 – PIN 3063/116, paratype; 74 – PIN 3063/2192, piece, general view; 75 – PIN 3015/1769; 76 – PIN 3063/2192, counterpiece, detail of male genitalia; 77– PIN 3063/2194. piece under alcohol; 78 – same specimen, counterpiece in dry condition; 79 – PIN 3015/367, holotype). 80 – Helophorus gracilis (Prokin, Ren & Fikáček, 2010), CNU 2010018, holotype. 81–82 – Helophorus inceptivus, PIN 4270/1008 (81 –detail of head and pronotum; 82 – general view). Scale bars: 1 mm (Figs. 73–80, 82); 0.5 mm (Fig. 81).

Fig. 26 in Revision of Mesozoic fossils of the helophorid lineage of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)

Fig. 26. Frequency histogram of head width of the examined specimens of Cretotaenia pallida (n = 15).