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70 results for “Hyperparasitism”
Figure 4 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 4 Spiropes capensis (AK06H) a, b groups of conidiophores growing on hyphae of Meliola sp c conidiophores growing on hyphae of Meliola sp. shown in optical section d conidia shown in optical section. The thickness of the outer wall layer is indicated only in the drawing on the right-hand side e, f as seen by SEMe conidiophores with scars f conidia. Scale bars: 1 mm (a, b); 8.5 μm (c); 5 μm (d); 5 μm (e); 20 μm (f).
Figure 13 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 13 Spiropes helleri (IMI130940) a superficial hyphae growing on a colony of Meliola sp. on a leaf of Cupania guatemalensisb conidiophore growing on a hypha of Meliola sp. shown in optical section c conidia shown in optical section (drawing on the left-hand side) and as seen by SEM (drawing on the right-hand side) d, e as seen by SEMd part of a conidiophore with a scar e conidium. Scale bars: 1 mm (a); 5 μm (b); 6 μm (c); 4 μm (b); 5 μm (c).
Figure 22 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 22 Phylogenetic tree inferred from a Maximum Likelihood analysis of nuc LSU rDNA sequences of members of the Dothideomycetes, including new sequences of Atractilina parasitica and Malacaria meliolicola (written with bold letters). The tree is rooted with sequences of species of the orders Capnodiales and Mycosphaerellales. Bootstrap values are indicated above the branches. Sequences downloaded from GenBank are given with accession numbers.
Figure 12 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 12 Spiropes guareicola (IMI 10010) a conidiophore with scars and a young conidium shown in optical section b base of a conidiophore growing on a hypha of Meliola sp. shown in optical section c conidia shown in optical section (two drawings on the left-hand side) and as seen by SEM (two drawings on the right-hand side) d, e as seen by SEMd zigzag-shaped conidiophore with scars e conidium. Scale bars: 5 μm (a–c); 8 μm (d); 10 μm (e).
Figure 23 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 23 Placement of Spiropes japonicus and S. melanoplaca on to Pezizomycotina reference tree version 2 in T-Bas. Only the Leotiomycetes clade is shown. The tree is the result of RAxML analysis of nuc ITS rDNA with 500 bootstraps replicates. For each node, the Maximum Likelihood bootstrap (≥ 70%) is presented as thick branches. Names of Spiropes species with newly-generated sequence data are written in bold.
Figure 2 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 2 Spiropes armatellae (MB 167) a, b conidiophores growing intermingled with hyphae of Meliola sp. on leaves of Angylocalyx oligophyllusc conidiophore with scars d conidia shown in optical section. The thickness of the wall is shown in the two drawings on the right-hand side e, f as seen by SEMe part of a conidiophore with scar f conidium. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a); 0.2 mm (b); 5 μm (c, d); 2 μm (e); 7 μm (f).
Figure 19 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 19 Spiropes palmetto (IMI 10032) a conidiophore growing on a hypha of Meliola sp., shown in optical section b conidia shown in optical section. The thickness of the walls is only shown in the two last drawings c, d as seen by SEMc part of a conidiophore with a scar d conidium. Scale bars: 7 μm (a); 5 μm (b); 6 μm (c); 7 μm (d).
Figure 20 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 20 Spiropes penicillium (IMI 51664) a conidiophores with scars (the thickness of the wall is shown on the right-handed drawing) b conidia shown in optical section (first two left-hand drawings) and as seen by SEMc, d as seen by SEMc tips of conidiophores with scars d conidia. Scale bars: 5 μm (a); 2.5 μm (b); 3 μm (c); 5 μm (d).
Figure 16 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 16 Spiropes japonicus (MB120, 123) a synnemata growing on a colony of Meliola sp. b conidiophores with scars and a young conidium, shown in optical section c a conidium shown in optical section (drawing on the left) and as seen by SEM (drawing on the right) d, e as seen by SEMd conidiophore with a scar e conidium. Scale bars: 1 mm (a); 10 μm (b, c); 3 μm (d); 9 μm (d).
Figure 17 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 17 Spiropes leonensis (IMI 46589b) a conidiophore with scars and a young conidium, shown in optical section b part of a conidiophore growing on a hypha of Meliola sp., shown in optical section c conidia shown in optical section (first two drawings, from left to right) and as seen by SEMd conidium as seen by SEM. Scale bars: 8.5 μm (a–c); 7 μm (d).
Figure 1 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 1 Atractilina parasitica (MB127, MB136) a synnemata (gold spots) on colonies of Meliola sp. (black spots) on a leaf of Opilia celtidifoliab synnemata of (gold spots) on colonies of Meliola clerodendricola (black spots) on a leaf of Clerodendrum capitatumc synnemata d conidiophores drawn in optical section. The thickness of the wall is indicated only in the drawing in the middle e conidia shown in optical section f–i as seen by SEMf conidiophores with denticles g a denticle at the tip of a conidiophore h conidium i bulbous swelling at the tip of a conidium. Scale bars: 1.5 mm (b); 1 mm (c); 5 μm (d,e,i); 8 μm (f); 1 μm (g); 6 μm (h).
Figure 11 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 11 Spiropes effusus (IMI 130721) a conidiophore shown in optical section b conidia. The first two drawings show spores in optical section. The right-hand drawing shows a conidium as seen by SEMc, d as seen by SEMc conidiophore with scars and conidia d conidium. Scale bars: 5 μm (a); 8 μm (b); 2 μm (c); 8 μm (d).
Figure 3 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 3 Spiropes armatellae (IMI 161265) a conidiophores with young conidium b, c conidia b shown in optical section. The thickness of the wall is indicated only in the drawing on the left-hand side c as seen by SEM. Scale bars: 5 μm (a); 2.5 μm (b); 10 μm (c).
Figure 10 from: Bermúdez-Cova MA, Hofmann TA, Yorou NS, Piepenbring M (2024) Systematic revision of species of Atractilina and Spiropes hyperparasitic on Meliolales (Ascomycota) in the tropics. MycoKeys 103: 167-213. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.103.115799
Figure 10 Spiropes dorycarpus (AK06H) a superficial hyphae growing on a colony of Meliola sp. on a leaf of Coffea arabicab, c in optical section b conidiophore growing on a hypha of Meliola sp. c conidia. The thickness of the wall is indicated only in the drawing on the left-hand side d, e As seen by SEMd conidiophore with a scar e conidium. Scale bars: 1 mm (a); 5 μm (b); 3.5 μm (c); 3 μm (d); 7 μm (e).
Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales
<p><span>Pathogens are embedded in multi-trophic food webs, which often include co-occurring cryptic species within the same pathogen complex. Nonetheless, we still lack an understanding of what dimensions of the ecological niche might allow these cryptic species to coexist. We explored the role of climate, host characteristics (tree autumn phenology) and attack by the fungal hyperparasite <em>Ampelomyces</em> (a group of fungi attacking plant pathogens) in defining the niches of three powdery mildew species (<em>Erysiphe alphitoides</em>, <em>E. hypophylla</em> and<em> E. quercicola</em>) within a cryptic pathogen complex on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur at the continental (Europe), national (Sweden and France) and landscape scales (a 5 km2 island in southwestern Finland). Previous studies have shown that climate separated the niches of three powdery mildew species (<em>E. alphitoides</em>, <em>E. hypophylla </em>and <em>E. quercicola</em>) in Europe and two species (<em>E. alphitoides </em>and <em>E. quercicola</em>) in France. In our study, we did not detect a significant relationship between temperature or precipitation and the distribution of <em>E. alphitoides </em>and <em>E. hypophylla</em> present in Sweden, while at the landscape scale, temperature, but not relative humidity, negatively affected disease incidence of <em>E. alphitoides</em> in an exceptionally warm year. Tree variation in autumn phenology did not influence disease incidence of powdery mildew species, and hyperparasite presence did not differ among powdery mildew species at the continental, national and landscape scale. Climate did not affect the distribution of the hyperparasite at the continental scale and at the national scale in Sweden. However, climate affected the hyperparasite distribution in France, with a negative relationship between non-growing season temperature and presence of the hyperparasite. Overall, our findings, in combination with earlier evidence, suggest that climatic factors are more important than species interactions in defining the niches of cryptic species within a pathogen complex on oak. </span></p>
Fig. 4 in Two New Species of Spheroid Ectoparasitic Isopods (Epicaridea: Dajidae) Attached to the Antennules of Brachyuran Crab Hosts, with Description of a New Genus and Species of Hyperparasite (Epicaridea: Cryptoniscoidea)
Fig. 4. Akrophryxus acinaces sp. nov., allotype male (A–D; SMBL-V0650) and paratype cryptoniscus larva (E–H; SMBL-V0651). A, Lateral view, dashed line showing part of shed cuticle attached to head; B, left antenna; C, left pereopods 1 and 2; D, left pereopod 6; E, dorsal view, dashed line shows testes; F, right antenna; G, posterior end, ventral view showing uropods and terminal pleopods; H, exopod of left uropod. Scale bars: 50 µm (A, E); 10 µm (B–D); 20 µm (F–H).
Fig. 6 in Two New Species of Spheroid Ectoparasitic Isopods (Epicaridea: Dajidae) Attached to the Antennules of Brachyuran Crab Hosts, with Description of a New Genus and Species of Hyperparasite (Epicaridea: Cryptoniscoidea)
Fig. 6. Akrophryxus pallipalicus sp. nov. Macropod photographs of holotype (ZRC 2022.0001) attached to left antennule of Parapalicus armatus Castro, 2000 (ZRC 2016.0412), macropod images taken after fixation. A, Dorsal view of host with holotype attached to the left antennule; B, ventral view of host with holotype attached to the left antennule; C, lateral view of holotype, removed from host; D, top down of holotype, removed from host. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C, D).
Figure 1 in Hyperparasitism among larval stages of Digenea in snail hosts: sophisticated life strategy or pure randomness? The scenario of Cotylurus sp.
Figure 1. Tetracotyle hyperparasite inside rediae of Notocotylus sp.
Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales
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Data from: Local adaptation at higher trophic levels: contrasting hyperparasite-pathogen infection dynamics in the field and laboratory
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