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Fig. 12 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 12. Conocephalinae group: Conocephalini (Conocephalinae). Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node.Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Photo credit: Arthur Anker.

Fig. 11 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 11. Conocephalinae group: Phlugidini. Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credit: Arthur Anker.

Fig. 10 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 10. Pterochrozinae group. Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (Arachnoscelis sp.) (Karny, 1911) Reinaldo Aguilar, (Typophyllum sp.) (Serville, 1838) Arthur Anker.

Fig. 9 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 9. Three Australian endemic subfamilies and the Afrotropical/Palearctic Saginae form a sister clade to the remaining Tettigoniidae. Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credit: Joseph Mugleston.

Fig. 7 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 7. Convergent shieldback ecomorphs. Tettigoniinae is recovered in four locations across the phylogeny. For most (A–C) the sister lineage is found in the same biogeographic region. The similarity in form is apparent though they are only distantly related. (A) Platydecticus (Chopard, 1951) is part of the Neotropical Pterochrozinae group. (B) Rhachidorus (Herman, 1874) is sister to the Australasian Phisidini. (C) The African tribe Arytropteridini is sister to the African Hetrodinae. (D) The northern hemisphere shieldbacks form a large group that diverged more recently from the rest of theTettigoniinae group. Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (A and C) Orthoptera species file online, (B) David Rentz, (D) Blaž Šegula.

Fig. 1. Five tettigoniid subfamilies contain more than 85 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 1. Five tettigoniid subfamilies contain more than 85% of the described species: Conocephalinae (A; 1,332 spp.), Meconematinae (B; 882 spp.),Tettigoniinae (C; 903 spp.), Pseudophyllinae (D; 982 spp.), and Phaneropterinae (E; 2,633 spp.). Photo credits are as follows: (A, B, and E) Arthur Anker, (C) Joseph Mugleston, (D)Tom Murray.

Fig. 4 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 4. BEAST tree consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (partial). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Asterisks denote taxa that were recovered in a different position than in the phylogenetic analysis (Figs. 2 and 3). Colored branches indicate the biogeographic region.Vertical lines are based on fossil calibrations with each line indicating 50 million years.

Fig. 3 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 3. BEAST tree (log likelihood score of −1.133E5) consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (continued). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Colored boxes around terminals indicate paraphyletic subfamilies.Vertical lines with the accompanying name denote monophyletic groups. Asterisks (*) denote subfamilies represented by only a single exemplar in this study. Subfamilies, subfamily groups, and Tettigonioid or Phaneropteroid clades are marked to the right of the tree.

Fig. 2 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 2. BEAST tree (log likelihood score of −1.133E5) consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (partial). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Colored boxes around terminals indicate paraphyletic subfamilies.Vertical lines with the accompanying name denote monophyletic groups.Asterisks (*) denote subfamilies represented by only a single exemplar in this study. Subfamilies, subfamily groups, and Tettigonioid or Phaneropteroid clades are marked to the right of the tree.

Fig. 6 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 6. Convergent gracile predatory ecomorphs. Meconematinae is paraphyletic and recovered in four positions across the Tettigoniidae phylogeny.Though similar in form, each is only distantly related. (A) Arachnoscelis (Karny, 1911) (Neotropical) is sister to the Neotropical Pterochrozinae group. (B) Phlugidini is sister to the cosmopolitan Conocephalinae. (C) The Indomalayan and Palearctic Meconematini is sister to a diverse clade of Afrotropical and Australasian katydids. (D) Phisidini (Australasian) is sister to the Australian shieldback katydids. Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (A) Reinaldo Aguilar, (B and D) Arthur Anker, (C) Brandon Woo.

Fig. 5 in A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence

Fig. 5. BEAST tree consisting of 235 ingroup taxa (continued). Posterior probabilities over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Asterisks denote taxa that were recovered in a different position than in the phylogenetic analysis (Figs. 2 and 3). Colored branches indicate the biogeographic region. Vertical lines are based on fossil calibrations with each line indicating 50 million years.

Figure 12 in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 12. Head in frontal view. A, Ho. gladiate; B, Ho. obtusitubera; C, F. chirurga; D, W. procera; E, Se. decempunctata; F, Met. permodesta; G, Bi. subrectis; H, Ph. brevixipha; I, Ni. testaceus.

Figure 11. Living Gryllacrididae. A in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 11. Living Gryllacrididae. A, Se. decempunctata; B, Se. sichuanensis; C, Ph. brevixipha; D, Ph. sp.; E, Bi. subrectis; F, Bi. mellii.

Figure 8. Wings. A in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 8. Wings. A, Mag. hainanensis; B, Mag. guomashan; C, Ocellarnaca sp.; D, E. ruficeps; E, R. xiei; F, R. fanjingshanensis; G, Pr. silacea; H, G. stylommatoprocera; I, L. lieyongzhou.

Figure 15. Male T in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 15. Male T. yingjiangensis sp. nov.. A, face; B, abdominal terminal; C, subgenital plate; D, holotype in dorsal view; E, living male individual in lateral view.

Figure 10. Male abdominal terminal. A, B in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 10. Male abdominal terminal. A, B, Ph. brevixipha; C, Bi. mellii; D, E, Se. decempunctata; F, Se. laoshanica; G, Se. sichuanensis; H, Bi. subrectis; I, Bi. mellii. (Arrow in A indicates the middle of tergite that bulges sharply caudally, arrow in B indicates the bulge extending caudally from the root on each side of the posterior margin of male abdominal tergite.).

Figure 7. Male abdominal terminal. A in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 7. Male abdominal terminal. A, Marthogryllacris sp.; B, Dracogryllacris spinose; C, U. pulchra rubricapitis; D, C. fumigata; E, Bo. xujuni; F, Mag. guomashan; G, O. fuscotessellata; H, E. ruficeps; I, R. fanjingshanensis; J, Prosopogryllacris sp.; K, G. stylommatoprocera (from: Wang and Liu 2022); L, L. lieyongzhou. (Arrow in A indicates spines extending inwards from the base in the middle of each valve at the posterior margin of male abdominal tergite.).

Figure 4. Lateral hindfoot. A in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 4. Lateral hindfoot. A, Apt. quadrimaculata; B, Apt. digitate; C, Apt. huanglianensis; D, Apt. biloba; E, T. huanglianensis sp. nov.; F, Ni. testaceus (arrow in F indicates extremely extended spine in the middle of hind tibia).

Figure 3. Living Gryllacrididae. A in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 3. Living Gryllacrididae. A, Apt. quadrimaculata; B, Diaphanogryllacris sp.; C, Apt. biloba; D, Microlarnaca sp.; E, Apt. huanglianensis; F, Me. obscurata; G, T. huanglianensis sp. nov.; H, Ni. testaceus.

Figure 13 in Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification

Figure 13. Head in frontal view (A–C), pronotum (D–F). A, Pr. silacea; B, Ne. longipenna; C, Ha. bilobulata; D, Mar. sequestris; E, Dr. spinose; F, Dr. melanocrania. (The horizontal line at B, C indicates the width of fastigium verticis.).