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148 results for “Inequality”
Data from: Social disappointment and partner presence affect long-tailed macaque refusal behaviour in an "inequity aversion" experiment
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Whole-child development losses and racial inequalities during the pandemic: Fallouts of school closure with remote learning and unprotective community
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Data from: Localized neighborhood species mingling is correlated with individual tree size inequality in natural forests in South China
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Simulated results from an agent-based model examining inequality and innovation in social networks
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A critical analysis of plant science literature reveals ongoing inequities
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Persistent inequalities in intraspecific plant-lemur interactions drive seed dispersal patterns
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Historical racial redlining and contemporary patterns of income inequality negatively affect birds, their habitat, and people in Los Angeles, California
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Data from: Current inequality and future potential of US urban tree cover for reducing heat-related health impacts
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How syllabi relate to outcomes in higher education: An evaluation of syllabi learner-centeredness and grade inequities in STEM
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Satellite observations reveal inequalities in the progress and effectiveness of recent electrification in sub-Saharan Africa
<p>Replication code and data for the paper "Satellite observations reveal inequalities in the progress and effectiveness of recent electrification in sub-Saharan Africa" published in One Earth (DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.03.007)</p> <p>________________________________</p> <p>This repository hosts:</p> <ul> <li> <p>A JavaScript file to process remotely-sensed data into Google Earth Engine (step 1)</p> </li> <li> <p>A R script, to be run after the successful completion of the Google Earth Engine processing (step 2)</p> </li> <li> <p>Supporting files to run the analysis (e.g. a shapefile of provinces, validation data, etc.)</p> </li> <li> <p>Create a Google account, if you do not have one, and require access to Earth Engine <a href="https://signup.earthengine.google.com/">https://signup.earthengine.google.com</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Make sure your Google Drive has enough cloud storage space available.</p> </li> <li> <p>Clone the repository.</p> </li> <li> <p>Run the JavaScript file in Google Earth Engine and wait that the data processing is complete <strong>(can take >24 hours)</strong></p> </li> <li> <p>Run the R script, which will reproduce the analysis and the figures contained in the paper.</p> </li> <li> <p>Open the QGIS project files to replicate maps with the appropriate layout.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Source code-related issues should be opened directly on GitHub. Broader questions of the methods should be addressed to <a href="mailto:giacomo.falchetta@feem.it">giacomo.falchetta@feem.it</a></p>
Data and Code for Inequality is rising where social network segregation interacts with urban topology
<p>This folder contains data and code to reproduce results of the paper "Inequality is rising where social network segregation interacts with urban topology". arXiv version: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11414.</p>
Data from: Abundance inequality in freshwater communities has an ecological origin
The hollow-shaped species abundance distribution (SAD) and its allied rank abundance distribution (RAD)—showing that abundance is unevenly distributed among species—are some of the most studied patterns in ecology. To explain the nature of abundance inequality, I developed a novel framework identifying environmental favorability, which controls the balance between reproduction and immigration, as the ultimate source and species stress tolerance as a proximate factor. Thus, under harsh conditions, only a few tolerant species can reproduce, while some sensitive species can be present in low numbers due to chance immigration. This would lead to high abundance inequality between the two groups of species. Under benign conditions, both groups can reproduce and give rise to higher abundance equality. To test these ideas, I examined the variability in the parameters of a Poisson lognormal fit of the SAD and a square root fit of the RAD in diatom and fish communities across US streams. Indeed, as environmental favorability increased, more sensitive forms were able to establish large populations, diminishing the abundance disparity between locally common and rare species. Finally, it was demonstrated that in diatoms, the RAD belonged to the same family of relationships as those of population density with body size and regional distribution.
Data from: Lifestyle and socio-economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in South Africa: a decomposition analysis
Background: Inequalities in diabetes are widespread and are exacerbated by differences in lifestyle. Many studies that have estimated inequalities in diabetes make use of self-reported diabetes which is often biased by differences in access to health care and diabetes awareness. This study adds to this literature by making use of a more objective standardised measure of diabetes in South Africa. The study estimates socio-economic inequalities in undiagnosed diabetes, diagnosed diabetes (self-reported), as well as total diabetes (undiagnosed diabetics + diagnosed diabetics). The study also examines the contribution of lifestyle factors to diabetes inequalities in South Africa. Methods: This cross sectional study uses data from the 2012 South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) and applies the Erreygers Concentration Indices to assess socio-economic inequalities in diabetes. Contributions of lifestyle factors to inequalities in diabetes are assessed using a decomposition method. Results: Self-reported diabetes and total diabetes (undiagnosed diabetics + diagnosed diabetics) were significantly concentrated amongst the rich (CI = 0.0746; p < 0.05 and CI = 0.0859; p < 0.05). The concentration index for undiagnosed diabetes was insignificant but pro-poor. The decomposition showed that lifestyle factors contributed 22% and 35% to socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported and total diabetes, respectively. Conclusion: Diabetes in South Africa is more concentrated amongst higher socio-economic groups when measured using self-reported diabetes or clinical data. Our findings also show that the extent of inequality is worse in the total diabetes outcome (undiagnosed diabetics + diagnosed diabetics) when compared to the self-reported diabetes outcome. Although in comparison to other determinants, the contribution of lifestyle factors was modest, these contributions are important in the development of policies that address socio-economic inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes.
Data from: Paternal factors and inequity associated with access to maternal health care service utilization in Nepal: a community based cross-sectional study
Background: The threat of maternal mortality can be reduced by increasing use of maternal health services. Maternal death and access to maternal health care services are inequitable in low and middle income countries.The aim of this study is to assess associated paternal factors and degree of inequity in access to maternal health care service utilization. Methods: Analysis illustrates on a cross-sectional household survey that followed multistage-cluster sampling. Concentration curve and indices were calculated. Binary logistic regression analysis was executed to account paternal factors associated with the utilization of maternal health services. Path model with structural equation modeling (SEM) examined the predictors of antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery. Results: The finding of this study revealed that 39.9% and 45.5% of the respondents' wives made ANC visits and utilized institutional delivery services respectively. Men with graduate and higher level of education were more likely (AOR: 5.91, 95% CI; 4.02, 8.70) to have ANC of their wives than men with no education or primary level of education. Men with higher household income (Q5) were more likely (1.99, 95% CI; 1.39, 2.86) to have ANC for their wives. Similarly, higher household income (Q5) also determined (2.74, 95% CI; 1.81, 4.15) for institutional delivery of their wives. Concentration curve and indices also favored rich than the poor. SEM revealed that ANC visit was directly associated to institutional delivery. Conclusions: Paternal factors like age, household wealth, number of children, ethnicity, education, knowledge of danger sign during pregnancy, and husband's decision making for seeking maternal and child health care are crucial factors associated to maternal health service utilization. Higher ANC coverage predicts higher utilization of the institutional delivery. Wealthier population is more concentrated to maternal health services. The inequities between the poor and the rich are necessary to be addressed through effective policy and programs.
Linking socioeconomic inequalities and type 2 diabetes through obesity and lifestyle factors among Mexican adults: a structural equations modeling approach
<p><strong>Objective. </strong>To assess the association between type 2 diabetes (DM2) and socioeconomic inequalities, mediated by the contribution of body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and diet (diet-DII). <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data of adults participating in the Diabetes Mellitus Survey of Mexico City. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as well as height and weight, dietary intake, leisure time activity and the presence of DM2 were measured. We fitted a structural equation model (SEM) with DM2 as the main outcome, and BMI, diet-DII and PA served as mediator variables between socioeconomic inequalities index (SII) and DM2. <strong>Results. </strong>The prevalence of DM2 was 13.6%. From the fitted SEM, each standard deviation increases in the SII was associated with increased scores of DM2 (β=0.174, <em>P</em><0.001). <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The results in the present study show how high scores in the index of SII may influence the presence of DM2.</p>
Replication package for "Does Inequality Affect the Needs of the Poor?"
<p>This package contains the programs and instructions to replicate manuscript “Does Inequality Affect the Needs of the Poor?” by Eve Colson-Sihra and Clément S. Bellet forthcoming at JEEA.</p>
Replication package for: Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty
<p>Replication package for:</p> <p>Hufe, Paul, Kanbur, Ravi and Peichl, Andreas: Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty, Review of Economic Studies, fothcoming</p> <p> </p> <p>This replication package contains information/data/code to generate all tables, figures, and in-text figures of the paper.</p>
Increased wheat price spikes and larger economic inequality with 2oC global warming
<p>This is data for the paper "Increased wheat price spikes and larger economic inequality with 2oC global warming" published on One Earth. </p>
Globalization, Manufacturing, Regional Inequality, and Preferences for Redistribution: A Case Study of Ontario, Canada
<p>The merged data set of Statistics Canada census data and Elections Ontario election results by city in Ontario, Canada from 2000-2018.</p>
Income Inequality in Authoritarian Regimes: The Effect of Institutions, Rights to Private Property, and Globalization
<p>This paper study the relationship between income inequality and authoritarian political institutions under globalization. More specifically, its purpose is to understand the effect of how different institutional setup, in this case the presence of electoral institutions, size of ruling coalition, and, protection of property rights affect the level of income inequality in authoritarian regimes. Furthermore, this paper adds to the conventional independent variables typically used in authoritarian studies literature by adding international market forces represented by trade and financial globalization by KOF Index. Analyzing 100 authoritarian regimes from 1972 to 2019, this study found that 1) when globalization are not taken into account the institutional setup of authoritarian regimes affect the level of income inequality in authoritarian regimes. In particular, regimes with large ruling coalition and institutionalized election and party competitions is expected to have lower level of income inequality; (2) protection to rights to private property is inversely related with income inequality, with regimes which have higher protection of the rights to private property tend to have lower income equality; (3) trade and financial globalization are inversely related with income inequality; and (4) the impact of domestic political institution is subdued when international market forces are taken into account</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.