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Fig. 6 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978. A–C, E, K. ♂ (HY, personal reference collection). D, F–J. ♀ (HY, personal reference collection). A. Lateral overview. B. Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 2, ventrolateral view. D. Segments 5 to 8, subdorsal view. E. Segments 5 to 7, lateral view. F. Segments 6 to 8, showing female sexual dimorphism. G. Detail of segment 6 showing lateroventral spine and female papilla. H. Detail of segment 7 showing lateroventral spine and female papilla. I. Segments 8 to 9 lateral view. J. Segments 10 to 11 ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 9 to 11 ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 7 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes imperforatus Higgins, 1983. A, D–E. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-69972). B, F, H. Paratype, ♀ (USNM-69974). C, G. Paratype, ♂ (USNM-69975). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 4 to 8, dorsal view. E. Segments 4 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 8 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 8. Comparative light micrographs showing selected details of E. pacificus Schmidt, 1974. A. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-53335). D–G. Paratype (USNM-53336). B, E, H. E. kozloffi Higgins, 1977. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-53337). C, F, I. E. sublicarum Higgins, 1977. Paratype, ♀ (USNM-54399). A–C. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view, showing presence of glandular cell outlets type 2 on segment 8. D–F. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, position and appearance of sexually dimorphic female papillae. G–I. Segments 10 to 11, with midlateral tubes on segment 10, and lateral terminal spines.

Fig. 5 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 5. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of of Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978. A, F. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-54841). B–E, G–H. ♀, non-type from Turkey (NHMD-616810). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 4, ventral view. D. Segments 5 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view. G. Detail of segments 7 to 8 showing middorsal spines. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 3 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 3. Diagram of mouth cone (grey area), introvert and placids in Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, showing distribution of inner oral styles (full circles), outer oral styles (diamonds), primary scalids (triangles), spinoscalids (thick open circles), and trichoscalids (stars), with positions of trichoscalid plates and placids indicated. Table shows the scalid arrangement by sector; single-lined boxes mark quincunxes, double-lined boxes mark 'double diamonds'.

Fig. 4 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863. A–B, D, G–H, K. ♀ (MVS, personal reference collection). C, E–F, I–J. ♂ (MVS, personal reference collection). A. Lateroventral overview. B. Head with mouth cone and introvert, ventral view; inset shows detail of primary spinoscalid fringes attaching along a longitudinal line, and the median basal sheath spike of the Ring 03 spinoscalid. C. Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. D. Segments 1 to 2, lateral view. E. Segments 1 to 2, ventral view. F. Segments 4 to 7, subdorsal view; inset shows the minute midlateral sensory spot on segment 4. G. Segments 8 to 9, lateral view; inset shows detail of sieve plate and lateroventral spine of segment 9. H. Segments 5 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism; inset shows detail of glandular cell outlet type 1, sensory spot and female papillae on left sternal plate of segment 6. I. Segments 10 to 11 ventrolateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. J. Segments 10 to 11 lateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11 ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 2 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 2. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, non-types from Ria Formosa, Faro, Portugal.A–D, F–G. ♂ (NHMD-616804). E, H. ♀ (NHMD-616824). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 4 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 5 to 9, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 7 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 1 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 1. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes aureus Adrianov et al., 2002. A. Allotype, ♀ (SMBL-397). B–C. Non-type ♀ from Tanegashima (NHMD-664220). D–K. Topotype, ♀ (ICHUM-6124). A. Ventral overview. B. Dorsal overview. C. Ventral overview. D. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. E. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. F. Segments 3 to 6, dorsal view. G. Segments 6 to 8, dorsal view. H. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. I. Segments 7 to 9, dorsal view. J. Segments 10 to 11, focused on posterior margin of tergal plate of segment 11, showing female sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig.ç6.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, ventral view; B, segments 4 and 5, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; rss, rounded sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç6.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, ventral view; B, segments 4 and 5, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; rss, rounded sensory spot.

Fig.ç5.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, dorsal view; B, segment 4, dorsal view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; mds, middorsal spine; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; ps, perforation site; rss, rounded sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç5.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 1 and 2, dorsal view; B, segment 4, dorsal view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; mds, middorsal spine; pac, pachycyclus; pf, pectinate fringe; ps, perforation site; rss, rounded sensory spot.

Fig.ç7.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3980), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 5 and 6, ventral view; B, segments 8 and 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; si, sieve plate; sp, sternal plate; tp, tergal plate. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç7.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3980), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 5 and 6, ventral view; B, segments 8 and 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; lvt, lateroventral tubule; si, sieve plate; sp, sternal plate; tp, tergal plate.

Fig.ç4.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3983), scanning electron micrographs. A, Mouth cone, lateral view; B, introvert, lateral view. Abbreviations: oo, outer oral styles; sc, scalids; sp, spinoscalids; tr, trichoscalids. Digits a er the labels refer to introvert ring numbers. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç4.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3983), scanning electron micrographs. A, Mouth cone, lateral view; B, introvert, lateral view. Abbreviations: oo, outer oral styles; sc, scalids; sp, spinoscalids; tr, trichoscalids. Digits a er the labels refer to introvert ring numbers.

Fig.ç3.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A, B, Paratype, female (ZIHU 3983); C–E, paratype, male (ZIHU 3982). A, General habitus, lateral view; B, neck and segments 1–4, lateral view; C, enlargement of segment 7, lateral view; D, enlargement of segment 9, lateral view; E, enlargement of segments 10 and 11, lateroventral view. Abbreviations: ch, cuticular hair; dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; pf, pectinate fringe; po, pore; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2; ps3, penile spine 3; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç3.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs. A, B, Paratype, female (ZIHU 3983); C–E, paratype, male (ZIHU 3982). A, General habitus, lateral view; B, neck and segments 1–4, lateral view; C, enlargement of segment 7, lateral view; D, enlargement of segment 9, lateral view; E, enlargement of segments 10 and 11, lateroventral view. Abbreviations: ch, cuticular hair; dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; pf, pectinate fringe; po, pore; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2; ps3, penile spine 3; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot.

Fig.ç2.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., camera lucida drawings. A, B, Holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), entire animal, dorsal and ventral view, respectively; C, D, allotype, female (ZIHU 3977), segments 9–11, dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvt, lateroventral tubule; mds, middorsal spine; ne, neck; ps, penile spine; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç2.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., camera lucida drawings. A, B, Holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), entire animal, dorsal and ventral view, respectively; C, D, allotype, female (ZIHU 3977), segments 9–11, dorsal and ventral view, respectively. Abbreviations: dss, droplet-shaped sensory spot; gco1, glandular cell outlet type I; gco2, modi ed glandular cell outlet type II; ldt, laterodorsal tubule; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvt, lateroventral tubule; mds, middorsal spine; ne, neck; ps, penile spine; rss, rounded sensory spot; si, sieve plate.

Fig.ç1.M aps and photograph showing the sampling locality for Echinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov. A, Map of eastern Asia; B, enlargement of the rectangle in A; C, enlargement of the area indicated by the black circle in B; D, photograph of the sampling locality; white arrow indicates the Kamogawa River and dotted circle indicates the sampling site. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç1.M aps and photograph showing the sampling locality for Echinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov. A, Map of eastern Asia; B, enlargement of the rectangle in A; C, enlargement of the area indicated by the black circle in B; D, photograph of the sampling locality; white arrow indicates the Kamogawa River and dotted circle indicates the sampling site.

Fig.ç8.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 10 and 11, dorsal view; B, segments 10 and 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldt, laterodorsal tubule; lts, lateral terminal spine; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Fig.ç8.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., holotype, male (ZIHU 3976), Nomarski photomicrographs. A, Segments 10 and 11, dorsal view; B, segments 10 and 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldt, laterodorsal tubule; lts, lateral terminal spine; ps1, penile spine 1; ps2, penile spine 2.

Fig. 8 in Echinoderes antalyaensis sp. nov. (Cyclorhagida: Kinorhyncha) from Antalya, Turkey, Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 8. Echinoderes antalyaensis sp. nov., Nomarski interference contrast photomicrographs of the holotypic male (ZMB 11673) (A, C) and paratypic female (ZMB 11674) (B, D). A, segments 7–9, ventral view; B, segments 7–9, ventral view; C, segments 10 and 11, ventral view; D, segments 10 and 11, ventral view. Black arrows and white arrowheads indicate sensory spots and type-1 glandular cell outlets, respectively. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; pe, penile spine; te, tergal extension. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number.

Fig. 9 in Echinoderes antalyaensis sp. nov. (Cyclorhagida: Kinorhyncha) from Antalya, Turkey, Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 9. Ornaments of outer oral styles in various echinoderid species. A, E. antalyensis sp. nov.; B, E. apex; C, E. applicitus; D, E. cernunnos; E, E. hakaiensis; F, E. hwiizaa; G, E. komatsui; H, E. microaperturus; I, E. ohtsukai; J, E. pennaki; K, E. regina; L, E. serratulus; M, E. tchefouensis; N, C. asiatica; O, M. macracanthus; P, P. martinezi. Black and white double-arrowheads indicate anterior and posterior spinose processes, respectively. Photographs C, D, H, and M, and photographs E, J, and O were taken and provided by Dr Martin V. SØrensen and Dr María Herranz, respectively.

Fig. 7 in Echinoderes antalyaensis sp. nov. (Cyclorhagida: Kinorhyncha) from Antalya, Turkey, Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 7. Echinoderes antalyaensis sp. nov., a male (ZMB 11678), scanning electron micrographs. A, segments 2–6, lateroventral view (right side); B, segments 7 and 8, lateral view (right side); C, segments 8–10, lateroventral view (right side); D, close-up of lateral accessory tube and lateroventral acicular spine on segment 8; E, segments 10 and 11, lateral view (right side). Black arrows indicate sensory spots. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; pe, penile spine. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number.

Fig. 4 in Echinoderes antalyaensis sp. nov. (Cyclorhagida: Kinorhyncha) from Antalya, Turkey, Levantine Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 4. Echinoderes antalyaensis sp. nov., Nomarski interference contrast photomicrographs of the holotypic male (ZMB 11673). A, entire animal, ventral view; B, segments 1–5, ventral view; C, neck and segments 1–6, dorsal view; D, segments 4–8, ventral view. Black arrows and white arrowheads indicate sensory spots and type-1 glandular cell outlets, respectively. Abbreviations: he, head; lat, lateral accessory tube; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral acicular spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal acicular spine; ne, neck; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; tr, trunk. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number.