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1,342 results for “Lichens”
Fig. 1 in Eukaryotic Microbial Communities Associated with Rock-dwelling Foliose Lichens: A Functional Morphological and Microecological Analysis
Fig. 1. Photograph of a portion of a Flavoparmelia thallus showing an example of a radially oriented lobe with three segments sampled in analyzing the microbial communities: A – inner, B – middle, and C – outer. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 7 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 7. Lichen thallus color in old (oldgrowth), middle (middleaged) and young broadleaved forest stands.
Figure 6 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 6. Lichen growth forms in old (oldgrowth), middle (middleaged) and young broadleaved forest stands.
Figure 9 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 9. Lichen photobiont type in old (oldgrowth), middle (middleaged) and young broadleaved forest stands.
Figure 8 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 8. Lichen reproduction type in old (oldgrowth), middle (middleaged) and young broadleaved forest stands.
Figure 2 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 2. Sample plot. Abbreviations: S – South, N – North. Arrow shows the direction of the sampling in transect. Tree number shows the order of surveyed trees.
Figure 5 in Application Of Lichen Functional Traits In Identification Of Temperate Old-Growth Broad-Leaved Forests
Figure 5. Number of lichen taxa with category of conservation concern in old (oldgrowth), middle (middleaged) and young broadleaved forest stands.
Fig. 2 in Refound Of Extinct Lichen Lobaria Amplissima (Scop.) Forssell In Latvia
Fig. 2. Lobaria amplissima patch on first substrate tree. The scale of ruler - 5 cm in nature. Photo by D. Jurciņš.
Fig. 2 in Lichens from the aurifodinae of the upper Ticino river valley (N Italy)
Fig. 2 - Wide-angle views of some stone heaps in "Campo dei Fiori". / Visuali grandangolari di alcuni dei cumuli di pietre in località "Campo dei Fiori".
Fig. 1 in Lichens from the aurifodinae of the upper Ticino river valley (N Italy)
Fig. 1 - Location of the study area in Northwestern Italy (left) and ortophoto view of the aurifodinae in "Campo dei Fiori" (right). / Localizzazione dell'area di studio nell'Italia nordoccidentale (sinistra) e visuale in ortofoto delle aurifodine in località "Campo dei Fiori" (destra).
Fig. 3 in Lichens from the aurifodinae of the upper Ticino river valley (N Italy)
Fig. 3 - Graphs of ecological and poleotolerance indices, altitudinal distribution and rarity of the lichen biota of the aurifodinae of "Campo dei Fiori". / Grafici degli indici ecologici e di poleotolleranza, della distribuzione altitudinale e della rarità del biota lichenico delle aurifodine di "Campo dei Fiori".
Fig. 1 in Epiphytic lichens of woodland habitats in the lower Ticino river valley and in the "Bosco Siro Negri" Integral Nature State Reserve (NW Italy)
Fig. 1 - The study area, corresponding to the lower Ticino River valley. The "Bosco Siro Negri" Integral Nature State Reserve is indicated with a black star, the 15 well-preserved woodlands with white stars, the 15 degraded woodlands with white triangles and the 15 poplar plantations with white circles. Patches of vegetation attributed to Habitat 91F0 are highlighted with a vertical line pattern. / L'area di studio, corrispondente alla bassa valle del Ticino. La Riserva Naturale Integrale Statale "Bosco Siro Negri" è indicata con una stella nera, i 15 boschi ben conservati con stelle bianche, i 15 boschi degradati con triangoli bianchi e i 15 pioppeti con cerchi bianchi. Le aree con vegetazione attribuita all'Habitat 91F0 sono evidenziate con una trama a linee verticali.
Effect of biological colonization on ceramic roofing tiles by lichens and a combined laser and biocide procedure for its removal
<p>Biodeterioration damage is an important issue in conservation and restoration of built heritage, especially when ceramic materials are used. Biological colonization of ceramic roofing tiles by lichens is a common phenomenon. However, there are no reports to date of lichens removal from unglazed roofing tiles for conservation purposes. This paper for the first time reveals the results of a combined procedure undertaken to assess the removal of lichens on different kinds of unglazed ceramic roofing tiles by treatments based on both dual sequential laser irradiation and treatment using Acticide<sup>® </sup>CF biocide. Three species of lichens were identified: <em>Verrucaria nigrescens</em>, <em>Calogaya decipiens</em> and <em>Pyrenodesmia teicholyta</em>. The chemical and mineralogical composition of roofing tiles were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, optical polarized petrographic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Laser irradiation was accomplished by applying sequences of nanosecond laser pulses at two wavelengths (1064 and 266 nm). After dual sequential laser irradiation a biocide was applied. To assess the combined effect of both treatments several techniques were used, including stereo and fluorescence (FM) microscopies, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies, and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Chemical composition of the analyzed roofing tiles was shown as a relevant factor regarding the degree of interaction between the biological colonization and the substrate, and hence, the bioweathering effect. The combined procedure has proved to be very effective in damaging and mostly collapsing the lichen thalli without altering the substrate.</p>
Influence of wavelength on the laser removal of lichens colonizing heritage stone-Associated dataset
<p>Stone samples from Alpedrete quarry front, Madrid (Spain), which were used to construct heritage buildings and monuments in the Central area of Spain, and from Valonsadero Church (Spain), presenting different types of biological crusts were investigated in order to find the conditions for efficient laser treatment. Samples presenting superficial areas colonized by 6 different lichens: <em>Protoparmeliopsis volcana </em>and<em> muralis </em>(foliose)<em>, Aspicilia vidrescensa </em>and<em> contorta, Candelariella vitelina </em>and<em> Rhizocarpon</em> disporum (crustose) were selected for laser treatment.</p> <p>In order to determine the best laser irradiation conditions UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy was performed from ethanol diluted bioderioration crust of each sample and ablation threshold was found for each stone substrate. A comparative study was carried out on the mentioned samples with infrared, ultraviolet and sequences of both nanosecond laser pulses using the fundamental (1064 nm), 3<sup>rd</sup> (355 nm) and 4<sup>th</sup> (266 nm) harmonic output of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system (pulse duration 17 ns, repetition rate 1-10 Hz) at fluences just below umbral threshold. </p>
Figure 3 in Lichens in the nests of European starling Sturnus vulgaris serve a mate attraction rather than insecticidal function
Figure 3. Number of events in which lichens were added to starling nests during the nesting cycle. Before: period before the start of nest building. Beginning: the first day of nest building. Middle: between the second and the last day of the nest building. After: after the starlings had complete nest building.
Figure 2 in Lichens in the nests of European starling Sturnus vulgaris serve a mate attraction rather than insecticidal function
Figure 2. Nest box with the lichen Ramalina celastri that was used by some of the starlings at the beginning of nest building.
Figure 1 in Lichens in the nests of European starling Sturnus vulgaris serve a mate attraction rather than insecticidal function
Figure 1. Spatial location of the nests in the study area. Full circles: nests with lichens, empty triangles: nests without lichens, empty circles: the 25% of nests without lichens that started the egg-laying earlier, full triangles: the 25% of nests with lichens that started the egg-laying earlier.
Figure 3 in Paraona wallaceana sp. nov., a lichen moth endemic to Flores Island, Indonesia (Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Figure 3. Male genitalia and aedeagus of the holotype of Paraona wallaceana sp. nov. [RMBH Sph0879], Flores Island, Indonesia: A) male genitalia; B) aedeagus. Photos: Vitaly M. Spitsyn.
Figure 1 in Paraona wallaceana sp. nov., a lichen moth endemic to Flores Island, Indonesia (Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Figure 1. Disturbed mountain forest with eucalyptus plantings on the slopes of the Inierie Stratovolcano near Bajawa on Flores Island, Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia: A-B) Wolokoro Ecolodge; C-D) Manulalu Ecolodge (the type locality of Paraona wallaceana sp. nov.). These secondary habitats still harbor a variety of endemic Lepidoptera species. Photos: Vitaly M. Spitsyn & Elizaveta A. Spitsyna.
Figures 56–64 in On the terminology of the genitalia structures of lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) with some references to Noctuidae
Figures 56–64. Details of the male genitalia structures of Noctuidae. 56, Noctua, slide AV8580 (ANHRT); 57, Eugnorisma Boursin, 1946, slide AV7514 (CAV); 58, Cerapteryx Curtis, 1833, slide AV0551 (CAV); 59, Xestia, slide AV1756 (CAV); 61–64, Xestia spp. (photo by V.S. Kononenko).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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