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FIG. 2 in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)

FIG. 2. — Indeterminate Scincoidea, incomplete right dentary, MNHN.F.MTC245: A, lingual view; B, labial view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 1. — A in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)

FIG. 1. — A, Map showing the two fossiliferous localities studied here; B, stratigraphic position of the localities (black arrow).

FIG. 5 in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)

FIG. 5. —?Lacertidae, fragmentary jaw, possibly dentary?, MNHN.F.MTC246: A, labial view; B, lingual view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 7 in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)

FIG. 7. — Cf. Camptognatosaurus parisiensis Folie, Smith & Smith,2013, posterior part of a left dentary,MNHN.F.MTC238:A, labial view;B, lingual view.Scale bar:1 mm.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Competition and geography underlie speciation and morphological evolution in Indo-Australasian monitor lizards

How biotic and abiotic factors act together to shape biological diversity is a major question in evolutionary biology. The recent availability of large datasets and development of new methodological approaches provide new tools to evaluate the predicted effects of ecological interactions and geography on lineage diversification and phenotypic evolution. Here, we use a near complete phylogenomic-scale phylogeny and a comprehensive morphological dataset comprising more than a thousand specimens to assess the role of biotic and abiotic processes in the diversification of monitor lizards (Varanidae). This charismatic group of lizards shows striking variation in species richness among its clades and multiple instances of endemic radiation in Indo-Australasia (i.e., the Indo-Australian Archipelago and Australia), one of Earth's most biogeographically complex regions. We found heterogeneity in diversification dynamics across the family. Idiosyncratic biotic and geographic conditions appear to have driven diversification and morphological evolution in three endemic Indo-Australasian radiations. Furthermore, incumbency effects partially explain patterns in the biotic exchange between Australia and New Guinea. Our results offer insight into the dynamic history of Indo-Australasia, the evolutionary significance of competition, and the long-term consequences of incumbency effects.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Variable vulnerability to climate change in New Zealand lizards

Aim: The primary drivers of species and population extirpations have been habitat loss, overexploitation, and invasive species, but human-mediated climate change is expected to be a major driver in future. To minimise biodiversity loss, conservation managers should identify species vulnerable to climate change and prioritise their protection. Here, we estimate climatic suitability for two speciose taxonomic groups, then use phylogenetic analyses to assess vulnerability to climate change. Location: Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) Taxa: NZ lizards: diplodactylid geckos and eugongylinae skinks Methods: We built correlative species distribution models (SDMs) for NZ geckos and skinks to estimate climatic suitability under current climate and 2070 future-climate scenarios. We then used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models (BPMMs) to assess vulnerability for both groups with predictor variables for life history traits (body size and activity phase) and current distribution (elevation and latitude). We explored two scenarios: an unlimited dispersal scenario, where projections track climate, and a no-dispersal scenario, where projections are restricted to areas currently identified as suitable. Results: SDMs projected vulnerability to climate change for most modelled lizards. For species' ranges projected to decline in climatically suitable areas, average decreases were between 42–45% for geckos and 33–91% for skinks, although area did increase or remain stable for a minority of species. For the no-dispersal scenario, the average decrease for geckos was 37–52% and for skinks was 33–52%. Our BPMMs showed phylogenetic signal in climate change vulnerability for both groups, with elevation increasing vulnerability for geckos, and body size reducing vulnerability for skinks. Main conclusions: NZ lizards showed variable vulnerability to climate change, with most species' ranges predicted to decrease. For species whose suitable climatic space is projected to disappear from within their current range, managed relocation could be considered to establish populations in regions that will be suitable under future climates.

Fig. 2 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)

Fig. 2. Fragment of microscopic structure of stomach wall of sand lizard: 1 — stomach wall; 2 — stomach contents; 3 — gastric glands; 4 — columnar epithelium; 5 — cubic epithelium. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.

Fig. 5 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)

Fig. 5. Fragment of microscopic structure of large intestine of sand lizard: 1 — intestine wall; 2 — epithelial cells; 3 — lymphoid formations. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.

Fig. 1 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)

Fig. 1. The topography of internal organs of sand lizard: (A): 1 — heart; 2 — lung; 3 — liver; 4 — stomach; 5 — small intestine; 6 — large intestine; 7 — ovary; (B): 1 — tongue; (C): 1 — stomach; 2 — pylorus; 3 — small intestine.

Fig. 3 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)

Fig. 3. Fragment of microscopic structure of duodenum of sand lizard: 1 — wall of villus; 2 — epithelial cells; 3 — stroma of villus. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.

Fig. 4 in Morphological Features Of The Digestive Tube In Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae)

Fig. 4. Fragment of microscopic structure of jejunum of sand lizard: 1 — wall of villus; 2 — fragment of nutrition between two villi; 3 — epithelial cells; 4 — stroma of villus. Hematoxilin and eosin. ×100; 400.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Changes In The Structure Of Assemblages Of Three Liolaemus Lizards (Iguania, Liolaemidae) In A Protected Area Of South-Central Chile Affected By A Mixed-Severity Wildfire

Fig. 2. Species of Liolaemus lizards recorded in the study area. A — L. tenuis (© G. Zúñiga); B — L. pictus (© A. H. Zúñiga); C — L. lemniscatus (© A. H. Zúñiga).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Changes In The Structure Of Assemblages Of Three Liolaemus Lizards (Iguania, Liolaemidae) In A Protected Area Of South-Central Chile Affected By A Mixed-Severity Wildfire

Fig. 3. Percentages of microhabitat use by lizards in study area according to severity of damage caused by fire.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Changes In The Structure Of Assemblages Of Three Liolaemus Lizards (Iguania, Liolaemidae) In A Protected Area Of South-Central Chile Affected By A Mixed-Severity Wildfire

Fig. 1. Study area: A — Geographical context; B — Mosaic of areas of different degrees of severity (modified from CONAF, 2014, 2015).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Fig. 3 in Color Features Of Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae), In Kyiv Region (Ukraine)

Fig. 3. Number of scales in 15–17 rows of neck scales between lateral light lines in different color morphs of L. agilis: "NOT" — var. erythro-(viridi-)nota; "3" — trilinear; "2_3" — intermediate form; "2" — bilinear.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Color Features Of Sand Lizards, Lacerta Agilis (Sauria, Lacertidae), In Kyiv Region (Ukraine)

Fig. 2. Features of sand lizards coloring in the Kyiv Region: I — 5 types of color and body picture (А — bilinear, B — intermediate form between bilinear and trilinear, С — trilinear, D — var. erythro- (viridi-)nota; E — var. con-(bi-)color); ІІ — calculation of the number of scales in the 15–17 rows; elements of the picture: 1 — dorsal line; 2 — marginal line; 3 — vertebral stripes; 4 — dark dorsal spots.

opencc-by-4.0May 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Current Distribution Of The Introduced Rock Lizards Of The Darevskia (Saxicola) Complex (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) In Zhytomyr Region (Ukraine)

Fig. 2. List and location of the studied sites: 1 — cliffs to east of the resort Denyshy (28.39 E, 50.20 N); 2 — dam across the Teteriv River near the resort Denyshy (28.38 E, 50.20 N); 3 — river bank to the west from the UVD resort (mouth of the Bobrovka River; 28.36 E, 50.21 N); 4 — bridge over the Bobrovka River (28.36 E, 50.21 N); 5 — bay in Buky Village (28.36 E, 50.20 N); 6 — cape in Buky Village (28.35 E, 50.19 N); 7 — cliffs between Buky Village and country houses (28.34 E, 50.19 N); 8 — river bank in Rudnya-Nova Village (28.30 E, 50.19 N); 9 — cape in Rudnya-Nova Village (28.32 E, 50.19 N); 10 — bridge over the Glubochok River (28.36 E, 50.18 N); 11 — river bank in Tryhirya Village (28.37 E, 50.19 N); 12 — right bank of the Teteriv River near dam (28.38 E, 50.20 N). Sites were lizards were found are marked by black color.

opencc-by-4.0May 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Current Distribution Of The Introduced Rock Lizards Of The Darevskia (Saxicola) Complex (Sauria, Lacertidae, Darevskia) In Zhytomyr Region (Ukraine)

Fig. 1. Chronological scheme and changes in the number of rock lizards Darevskia (saxicola) near Denyshy Village (after Darevsky, Shcherbak, 1968; Dotsenko, Darevsky, 2005; Darevsky, 2006): arm — D. armeniaca, dahl — D. dahli and mix — D. mixta, — introduction.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data from: Composition of a chemical signalling trait varies with phylogeny and precipitation across an Australian lizard radiation

The environment presents challenges to the transmission and detection of animal signalling systems, resulting in selective pressures that can drive signal divergence among populations in disparate environments. For chemical signals, climate is a potentially important selective force because factors such as temperature and moisture influence the persistence and detection of chemicals. We investigated an Australian lizard radiation (Heteronotia) to explore relationships between a sexually dimorphic chemical signalling trait (epidermal pore secretions) and two key climate variables: temperature and precipitation. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Heteronotia with exon capture phylogenomics, estimated phylogenetic signal in among-lineage chemical variation, and assessed how chemical composition relates to temperature and precipitation using multivariate phylogenetic regressions. High estimates of phylogenetic signal indicate that the composition of epidermal pore secretions varies among lineages in a manner consistent with Brownian motion; although there are deviations to this, with stark divergences coinciding with two phylogenetic splits. Accounting for phylogenetic non-independence, we found that among-lineage chemical variation is associated with geographic variation in precipitation but not temperature. This contrasts somewhat with previous lizard studies, which have generally found an association between temperature and chemical composition. Our results suggest that geographic variation in precipitation can affect the evolution of chemical signalling traits, possibly influencing patterns of divergence among lineages and species.