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319 results for “Lunar”
Detecting Lunar and Martian Water via Backscattered Cosmic Particles using Muon Tomography
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>The search for water on the Lunar and Martian surfaces is a cornerstone of space exploration, playing a key role in expanding our understanding of the history and evolution of these celestial bodies. Despite its importance, current knowledge about the distribution, concentration, origin, and migration of water on the Moon and Mars is still limited. This study aims to address these gaps by employing a novel approach that leverages cosmic-ray muon detectors and backscattered radiation. Through the use of advanced muon tracking systems and preliminary simulations conducted with GEANT4, the research suggests that muon tomography holds significant promise for improving our understanding of water-ice content on the Lunar and Martian surfaces.</p> <p><strong>Data Description</strong></p> <p>Data and detector models were generated using GEANT4. The simulations include:</p> <ul> <li>Lunar and Martian dry regolith</li> <li>Lunar and Martian regolith with water-ice beneath the surface</li> </ul> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <p>This record includes:</p> <ul> <li><code>*.csv</code>: Output raw files from GEANT4, including 5D information, scattering angle, detector plate position, and particle type.</li> <li><code>backscatter_eventselection.py</code>: Python code to filter events and generate a CSV file of selected backscattered events.</li> <li><code>*.tiff</code>: Visualization files depicting Lunar and Martian scenarios, including detector geometry and particle events.</li> <li><code>ml_classifier.py</code>: Python code for machine learning tasks to classify backscattered events.</li> <li><code>OP_Muographers_2023.pdf</code>: Detailed description of chemical composition and simulated scenarios.</li> <li>Tracking_EKF: Performs track reconstruction and computes track lengths using extended Kalman Filter.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p> <p>The provided datasets are simulated samples suitable for conceptual R&D and performance studies. They have not been calibrated against real data and should not be used for physics projections about the detectors.</p>
Datasets for Morphological and Spectral Characterization of Lunar Regolith Breakdown due to Water Ice
<p>Remote sensing observations of the Moon suggest that the lunar polar regolith environment is affected by several natural processes that may cause the regolith in these regions to become more porous and fine particulate. One of these processes may be the mechanical breakdown of regolith particles through the interaction of water ice and regolith by frost wedging. We present morphological and spectral analyses of high-fidelity lunar regolith simulants LHS-1 (lunar highlands simulant-1) and LMS-1 (lunar mare simulant-1) that have been exposed to varying concentrations of water ice (1, 10, and 30 wt%) over extended periods of time (1, 3, and 6 months) to evaluate the extent at which lunar regolith may be weathered by ice-regolith interactions in the Moon’s polar regions. To characterize changes in regolith particle morphology, we explored grain size and shape parameters with the CILAS ExpertShape suite and characterized the abundance and evolution of clinging fines with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Reflectance spectra were taken from 1.0 – 22.5 µm (444.4 - 10,000 cm<sup>-1</sup>) to characterize any differences in spectral features that may occur as a result of regolith breakdown. Both the morphological and spectral investigations display trends that show simulant particle degradation as a function of composition, increasing water concentration, and freezing time. Our study demonstrates that the lunar regolith is susceptible to mechanical breakdown in the presence of water ice and that water ice is likely a contributor to the weathering environment within permanently shadowed regions on the lunar surface.</p> <p>This dataset contains all spectra, SEM images, and ExpertShape images/results used to conduct this work.</p>
Taraxacum lunare M.P.Christ. (BR0000012481385)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
LUNAR: Automated input generation and analysis for reactive LAMMPS simulations input and output files
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Code and data used for reproducing calculations of lunar crustal thermal evolution and zircon resetting during a tidal heating event
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POLAR-Sim: Augmenting NASA's POLAR dataset for data-driven lunar perception and rover simulation
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A New Global Catalog LU1319381 of Lunar Craters (≥1 km)
<p>The new global catalog LU1319381 includes approximately 1.32 million lunar craters, which extends the existing global catalogs to craters with diameters of 1 km or larger and is enriched with 3D morphological information on the craters.</p>
The Evolution of a Spacecraft-Generated Lunar Exosphere
<p>Simulated spacecraft trajectory parameters, and data required to reproduce Figures 1–5 from Prem et al. (2020), The Evolution of a Spacecraft-Generated Lunar Exosphere, J. Geophys. Res. (<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33959468">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33959468</a>).</p> <p>The file spacecraft_trajectory.dat contains a descriptive header, and the simulated descent profile in Cartesian coordinates. The .dat ASCII files contain the data shown in Figures 1–5, and the .lay files are <a href="https://www.tecplot.com/products/tecplot-focus">Tecplot Focus</a> layouts that were used to visualize the data. Please feel free to contact lead author Dr. Parvathy Prem (parvathy.prem@jhuapl.edu) with any questions. </p>
Lunar rhythms in growth of larval fish
<p>Growth and survival of larval fishes is highly variable and unpredictable. Our limited understanding of this variation constrains our ability to forecast population dynamics and effectively manage fisheries. Here we show that daily growth rates of a coral reef fish (the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke) are strongly lunar-periodic and predicted by the timing of nocturnal brightness: growth was maximized when the first half of the night was dark and the second half of the night was bright. Cloud cover that obscured moonlight facilitated a 'natural experiment', and confirmed the effect of moonlight on growth. We suggest that lunar-periodic growth may be attributable to light-mediated suppression of diel vertical migrations of predators and prey. Accounting for such effects will improve our capacity to predict the future dynamics of marine populations, especially in response to climate-driven changes in nocturnal cloud cover and intensification of artificial light, which could lead to population declines by reducing larval survival and growth.<br> EndDryadContent</p>
Chang'e 5 Lunar Ascent
<p>The ascent from the lunar surface of the Chinese Chang'e 5 lunar sample return mission was observed by radio. This dataset presents a recording of the X-band radio signal of the Chang'e 5 ascent module, which transmits at 8463.75 MHz. These recording were obtained from Roberts Creek, Canada, at latitude 49.4348N deg, longitude 123.668W deg, height 40 m. The ascent from the lunar surface occurred at 2020-12-03T15:10:24, data from the ascent module sitting on the lunar surface starts the recordings.</p> <p>A 66 cm parabolic dish was used to receive the X-band transmissions. System performance is estimated to be 66 cm @ 50% illumination at 8.43 GHz is 32.3 dBi. 136K is 21.3 dBK. G/T = +11 dB/K. approximately.</p> <p>The ‘gqrx_20201203_150513_8463750000_200000_fc.raw’ dataset consists of complex sampled (IQ) 32 bit floating point values (interleaved real/imaginary), sampled at 2 Msps at a centre frequency of 8463.75 MHz. This dataset begins at 2020-12-03T15:05:13 UTC. The RF system was locked to a GPS disciplined oscillator. NOTE: near the end of this data set there is a brief period where the receiver is knocked off frequency that can be seen in the step divergence from the trend in the data. The receiver is re-tuned to proper tuning and the trend can be seen to continue.</p> <p>The second data set ‘2020-12-03_ce5_lunar_launch.zip’ is dynamic spectra of signal recorded on a different receiver connected to the same RF path is also provided. These are averaged to 100Hz frequency resolution and 1 second time resolution and stored as 32 bit floating point values. Each spectrum of 20000 channels is preceded by a human readable header of 256 bytes, providing metadata. No discontinuities are known in the second dataset. Timestamps in UTC are embedded in the file.</p>
Spectral data presented in Hinrichs J L, Lucey P G. Temperature-dependent near-infrared spectral properties of minerals, meteorites, and lunar soil.
<p>In this dataset, we present the spectral data in paper: Hinrichs, J. L., & Lucey, P. G. (2002). Temperature-dependent near-infrared spectral properties of minerals, meteorites, and lunar soil. <em>Icarus</em>, <em>155</em>(1), 169-180.</p>
An Improved Global Catalog LU1319373 of Lunar Craters (≥1 km) with 3D Morphometric Information of Craters
<p>A global crater catalog LU1319373 that includes approximately 1.32 million lunar craters with diameters ≥ 1 km. The crater catalog also include 3D morphometric data on the craters.</p> <p>This first version of the crater catalog LU1319373 includes the following information for each crater:</p> <ul> <li>Longitude and latitude coordinates of the center;</li> <li>Crater diameter;</li> <li>Crater depth (other morphometric data will be provided in future versions).</li> </ul> <p>Please cite the following reference for using the crater catalog LU1319373.</p> <p>Wang, Y., Wu, B., Xue, H., Li, X., & Ma, J. (2021). An improved global catalog of lunar impact craters (≥1 km) with 3D morphometric information and updates on global crater analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126, e2020JE006728.</p>
Ultrasonic velocity measurements of lunar regolith simulant at low confining pressures with variable ice content
<p>This dataset was created by Christopher Chance Amos during completion of a PhD degree in Space Resources</p><p>at Colorado School of Mines. This data was collected during Spring 2023.</p><p> </p><p>This dataset includes compressional and shear raw collected waveforms as well as interpreted velocities</p><p>from first-break picking. See the README files in subdirectories for explanations of individual files.</p><p> </p><p>The purpose of this dataset is to serve as a foundation and calibration for seismic modeling of the lunar</p><p>near-surface. These models will be used to determine if seismic methods are feasible for characterizing</p><p>the quantity and form of lunar subsurface ice deposits.</p>
Thermal and dynamo evolution of the lunar core based on transport properties of Fe-S-P alloys
<p>These data are our original measured resistivity data and calculation data. </p>
The Age and Evolution of Lunar Micro Cold Traps at the Scale of Surface Exploration Figures 1 and 2
<p>Figures from the paper The Age and Evolution of Lunar Micro Cold Traps at the Scale of Surface Exploration.</p>
Data from: Lunar synchrony, geography, and individual clocks shape autumn migration timing in an avian migrant
<p>Timing programs in animal migrants have been selected to synchronize movements that coincide with predictable resources on the breeding and nonbreeding grounds. Migrants face potential temporal conflicts if their migration schedules benefit from synchrony to conflicting rhythms associated with annual biogeographical (circannual) cues, lunar (circalunar) cues, or individually-repeatable internal clocks. We repeat-tracked individuals of an avian lunaphilic species, Eastern Whip-poor-will (<em>Antrostomus vociferus</em>), for 2–3 successive autumn migrations to determine the influence of the lunar cycle, breeding location, and individual repeatability on migration timing. Almost all birds avoided departing for migration during a full moon, likely to take advantage of the bright moonlight to facilitate visual foraging and enhance pre-migration fattening. However, groups from two latitudinally-distant sampling areas adjusted their autumn departure timing differently relative to the timing of the September full moon, presumably due to differences in seasonal prey availability. Individual repeatability increased throughout autumn migration, suggesting that the factors responsible for shaping migration timing may differ for different migration stages. Our results, that lunar synchrony, local climate, and individual internal clocks appeared to account for much of the variation in migration timing in whip-poor-wills, underscore the value of measuring potentially interacting factors that shape migratory behavior at species, group, and individual levels. It remains unclear if, or how, maintaining individually-repeatable annual migration schedules provides an adaptive benefit for whip-poor-wills or other lunaphilic migrants. Further clarifying the reasons for phenotypic variation in whip-poor-will migration timing will improve predictions of their abilities to adjust migratory movements under changing environmental conditions.</p>
Lagain et al., (2023) - Icarus - Recalibration of the lunar chronology due to spatial cratering-rate variability - Data and Code
<ul> <li>CR_moon.csv: Relative cratering rate shown in Fig.3. The<strong> </strong>data are provided over the full range of latitudes and longitudes, with a 1-degree bin.</li> <li>SI_convert_age.m: Matlab code converting model ages of Plutarch and Kirkwood craters from Neukum et al. (2001) chronology into the one presented in this study. </li> </ul>
Mini-RF S-band Radar Characterization of a Lunar South Pole-Crossing Tycho Ray: Implications for Sampling Strategies
<p>Data behind the figures for the publication in the Planetary Science Journal. Data is in .mat format, which is a Matlab save file which can also be read by open languages such as Python. The accompanying code, in .m format, is a Matlab code that will recreate the figures. The .m code can be read by any text editor application. All figures are also provided as pngs. Figures 7 and 8 are provided as GeoTiffs, where the first channel is S1, second channel S2, third channel S3, and the fourth channel S4 (i.e., the four Stokes parameters).<br>Figures.zip is a zip file with all of the figures in png format.<br>FiguresData.zip includes two files: MakeFigures.m, which is the matlab code that will recreate the figures, and RiveraValentinETAL_2024_PSJ_AccompanyingData.mat, which is that matlab data needed to recreate the figures. The .m file contains a header describing each variable in the .mat file. <br>GeoTiffs.zip contains two files, newton_stokes.tiff and haworth_stokes.tiff. These are GeoTiffs of Figures 7 and 8, respectively. </p>
Ejecta Thickness Measurements at Small Lunar Craters
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Data from Deng et al. (2025) "Secular Change of Preservation of Lunar Sinuous Rilles: Constraints from Lava Flow Numerical Modeling"
<p>These are the updated supplemental materials of our article, adding more groups of simulation and a sensitivity analysis of two parameters, cell width and plane slope.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.