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Shoreline data at 30-m spatial resolution for regions of the USA, in geoJSON format. Region 3: Lousiana/Florida border to Georgia/South Carolina border
<p>Data file: SE_USA_Louisiana_Georgia_ref_shoreline.geojson</p> <p>Region: Lousiana/Florida border to Georgia/South Carolina border</p> <p>Data fields:</p> <ol> <li>MEAN_SIG_WAVEHEIGHT</li> <li>TIDAL_RANGE</li> <li>CHLOROPHYLL</li> <li>TURBIDITY</li> <li>TEMP_MOISTURE</li> <li>EMU_PHYSICAL</li> <li>REGIONAL_SINUOSITY</li> <li>GHM</li> <li>MAX_SLOPE %</li> <li>OUTFLOW_DENSITY</li> <li>ERODIBILITY</li> <li>LENGTH_GEO</li> <li>ch_label</li> <li>river_label</li> <li>sinuosity_label</li> <li>slope_label</li> <li>tidal_label</li> <li>turbid_label</li> <li>wave_label</li> <li>CSU_Descriptor</li> <li>CSU_ID</li> </ol> <p>The data originally come from https://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/outgoing/ecosystems/Global/USGSEsriGlobalCoastalSegmentsv1.mpk</p> <p>The data are described in the following publication</p> <p>Roger Sayre, Suzanne Noble, Sharon Hamann, Rebecca Smith, Dawn Wright, Sean Breyer, Kevin Butler, Keith Van Graafeiland, Charlie Frye, Deniz Karagulle, Dabney Hopkins, Drew Stephens, Kevin Kelly, Zeenatul Basher, Devon Burton, Jill Cress, Karina Atkins, D. Paco Van Sistine, Beverly Friesen, Rebecca Allee, Tom Allen, Peter Aniello, Irawan Asaad, Mark John Costello, Kathy Goodin, Peter Harris, Maria Kavanaugh, Helen Lillis, Eleonora Manca, Frank Muller-Karger, Bjorn Nyberg, Rost Parsons, Justin Saarinen, Jac Steiner & Adam Reed (2019) A new 30 meter resolution global shoreline vector and associated global islands database for the development of standardized ecological coastal units, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 12:sup2, S47-S56, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714">10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</a></p> <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>A new 30-m spatial resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) was developed from annual composites of 2014 Landsat satellite imagery. The semi-automated classification of the imagery was accomplished by manual selection of training points representing water and non-water classes along the entire global coastline. Polygon topology was applied to the GSV, resulting in a new characterisation of the number and size of global islands. Three size classes of islands were mapped: continental mainlands (5), islands greater than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (21,818), and islands smaller than 1 km<sup>2</sup> (318,868). The GSV represents the shore zone land and water interface boundary, and is a spatially explicit ecological domain separator between terrestrial and marine environments. The development and characteristics of the GSV are presented herein. An approach is also proposed for delineating standardised, high spatial resolution global ecological coastal units (ECUs). For this coastal ecosystem mapping effort, the GSV will be used to separate the nearshore coastal waters from the onshore coastal lands. The work to produce the GSV and the ECUs is commissioned by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and is associated with several GEO initiatives including GEO Ecosystems, GEO Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and GEO Blue Planet.</p> <p>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714</p>
FIG. 3. — Erythroxylum labatii E.Bidault & M in Novelties in Erythroxylum P.Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity
FIG. 3. — Erythroxylum labatii E.Bidault & M.Pignal, sp. nov.: A, detail of stem; B, long-styled flower; C, short-styled flower with corolla fallen; D, short-styled flower; E, immature fruit; F, mature fruit; G, habit, dry; H, detail of inflorescence with flower buds; I, detail of cataphyll, abaxial side; A, C, G-I, Labat et al. 3212 (P); B, D, Bidault et al. 63 (P); E, F, Labat et al. 3787 (P). Drawings by Anne-Hélène Paradis. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, F, 3 mm; G, 2 cm; H, 2 mm; I, 1 mm.
Text-fig. 3. Fossil fruits of Fraxinus: photos and drawings. a–e: F. zlatkoi MENG-XIOA WU et J.HUANG sp. nov., a–c – the holotype image and its line drawing (XTBG-PC-LH3-0341), d, e – paratype image and its line drawing (XTBGPC-LH3-1138); f–k: Fraxinus cf. honshuensis TANAI et ONOE, f–h – XTBG-PC-LH2-0111, i–k – XTBG-PC-LH1-0578; l, m: enlargement of (b) and its line drawing; n, o: enlargement of (g) and its line drawing. Arrows in (i) and (n) refer to the calyxes. Scale bars = 5 mm for a–k, scale bars = 1 mm for i–o. in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 3. Fossil fruits of Fraxinus: photos and drawings. a–e: F. zlatkoi MENG-XIOA WU et J.HUANG sp. nov., a–c – the holotype image and its line drawing (XTBG-PC-LH3-0341), d, e – paratype image and its line drawing (XTBGPC-LH3-1138); f–k: Fraxinus cf. honshuensis TANAI et ONOE, f–h – XTBG-PC-LH2-0111, i–k – XTBG-PC-LH1-0578; l, m: enlargement of (b) and its line drawing; n, o: enlargement of (g) and its line drawing. Arrows in (i) and (n) refer to the calyxes. Scale bars = 5 mm for a–k, scale bars = 1 mm for i–o.
Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m.
Text-fig. 3. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Locality Ruprechtice. Scale bars 10 mm. a: lectotype MHNN – Fos 187 figured by Agassiz (1833: pl. 110, fig. 1), photo Alain Germond; b: well preserved body of the specimen NM-M 1095 figured by Fritch (1894: fig. 296, pl. 121, fig. 1). in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 3. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Locality Ruprechtice. Scale bars 10 mm. a: lectotype MHNN – Fos 187 figured by Agassiz (1833: pl. 110, fig. 1), photo Alain Germond; b: well preserved body of the specimen NM-M 1095 figured by Fritch (1894: fig. 296, pl. 121, fig. 1).
Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o).
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).
Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).
Text-fig. A3. a: Leaf morphotype 1 Tebano MSF SG 049. b: Leaf morphotype 2 Oriolo MSF 631. c: Leaf morphotype 3 Oriolo MSF n.n. d, f: Leaf morphotype 4. d: Oriolo MSF 891. e: Oriolo MSF 856. f: Oriolo MSF 858. g: Leaf morphotype 5 Oriolo MSF 783. h: Leaf morphotype 6 Oriolo MSF 952. i: Leaf morphotype 7 Oriolo MSF 862. j, l: Leaf morphotype 8. j: Oriolo MSF 912. k: Oriolo MSF 662. l: Oriolo MSF 662-1. m: Leaf morphotype 9 Oriolo MSF 715. n: Leaf morphotype 10 Oriolo MSF 716. o: Leaf morphotype 11, overview and detail of margin Oriolo MSF 880. p–z: Various rosaceous leaves/ leaflets. p: Oriolo MSF 943. q: Oriolo MSF 890. r: Oriolo MSF 950. s: Oriolo MSF 958. t: Oriolo MSF 966 aff. Sorbus. u: Oriolo MSF 956. v: Oriolo MSF 961. w: Oriolo MSF 962. x: Oriolo MSF 874. y: Oriolo MSF 883. z: Oriolo MSF 960. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. A3. a: Leaf morphotype 1 Tebano MSF SG 049. b: Leaf morphotype 2 Oriolo MSF 631. c: Leaf morphotype 3 Oriolo MSF n.n. d, f: Leaf morphotype 4. d: Oriolo MSF 891. e: Oriolo MSF 856. f: Oriolo MSF 858. g: Leaf morphotype 5 Oriolo MSF 783. h: Leaf morphotype 6 Oriolo MSF 952. i: Leaf morphotype 7 Oriolo MSF 862. j, l: Leaf morphotype 8. j: Oriolo MSF 912. k: Oriolo MSF 662. l: Oriolo MSF 662-1. m: Leaf morphotype 9 Oriolo MSF 715. n: Leaf morphotype 10 Oriolo MSF 716. o: Leaf morphotype 11, overview and detail of margin Oriolo MSF 880. p–z: Various rosaceous leaves/ leaflets. p: Oriolo MSF 943. q: Oriolo MSF 890. r: Oriolo MSF 950. s: Oriolo MSF 958. t: Oriolo MSF 966 aff. Sorbus. u: Oriolo MSF 956. v: Oriolo MSF 961. w: Oriolo MSF 962. x: Oriolo MSF 874. y: Oriolo MSF 883. z: Oriolo MSF 960.
Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT
Text-fig. 8. Carpolithes (a–t). a–e: Carpolithes sp. 1. USNM PAL 772366. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of endocarp, note two longitudinal ridges. b: Lateral view of endocarp rotated 90° from (a), note single lateral ridge in center, a, b reflected light, palladium coated. c: Lateral view, Micro-CT scan surface rendering. d: View of rounded end of the endocarp, reflected light, palladium coated. e: View of the opposite (pointed) end of the endocarp, note split; reflected light, palladium coated. f–j: Carpolithes sp. 2. USNM PAL 772367. Scale bar = 5 mm. f: Lateral view, base down; note raphe-like structure (arrow), reflected light, palladium coated. g: Lateral view, the raphe-like structure extending vertically from the base. h: Lateral view, rotated 90° from (g). i: Lateral view, the opposite face to that in (h). j: Basal view, raphe-like structure running from the center to the right of the image. g–j: CT scan surface renderings. k–o: Carpolithes sp. 3 USNM PAL 772368. Scale bar = 5 mm. k: Ventral view of the specimen, note flared apical extension, reflected light, uncoated. l: Dorsal view illustrating the flared apical extension, rotated 180o from (k). m: Lateral view rotated 90° from that in (l). n: Apical view, the apical extension with central pore (arrow) and a clear lineation running down the side to the top of the image. o: Basal view. l–o: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. p–t: Carpolithes sp. 4. USNM PAL 772369. Scale bar = 3 mm. p: Basal view illustrating the concentric rings of radiating possible cells surrounding a central depression. q: Lateral view, base down, note possible cellular pattern. r: Lateral view, rotated 180° from (q), base down; p–r: reflected light, palladium coated. s, t: Basal and lateral views, micro-CT scan surface renderings. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 8. Carpolithes (a–t). a–e: Carpolithes sp. 1. USNM PAL 772366. Scale bar = 1 cm. a: Lateral view of endocarp, note two longitudinal ridges. b: Lateral view of endocarp rotated 90° from (a), note single lateral ridge in center, a, b reflected light, palladium coated. c: Lateral view, Micro-CT scan surface rendering. d: View of rounded end of the endocarp, reflected light, palladium coated. e: View of the opposite (pointed) end of the endocarp, note split; reflected light, palladium coated. f–j: Carpolithes sp. 2. USNM PAL 772367. Scale bar = 5 mm. f: Lateral view, base down; note raphe-like structure (arrow), reflected light, palladium coated. g: Lateral view, the raphe-like structure extending vertically from the base. h: Lateral view, rotated 90° from (g). i: Lateral view, the opposite face to that in (h). j: Basal view, raphe-like structure running from the center to the right of the image. g–j: CT scan surface renderings. k–o: Carpolithes sp. 3 USNM PAL 772368. Scale bar = 5 mm. k: Ventral view of the specimen, note flared apical extension, reflected light, uncoated. l: Dorsal view illustrating the flared apical extension, rotated 180o from (k). m: Lateral view rotated 90° from that in (l). n: Apical view, the apical extension with central pore (arrow) and a clear lineation running down the side to the top of the image. o: Basal view. l–o: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. p–t: Carpolithes sp. 4. USNM PAL 772369. Scale bar = 3 mm. p: Basal view illustrating the concentric rings of radiating possible cells surrounding a central depression. q: Lateral view, base down, note possible cellular pattern. r: Lateral view, rotated 180° from (q), base down; p–r: reflected light, palladium coated. s, t: Basal and lateral views, micro-CT scan surface renderings.
Text-fig. 9. Carpolithes (a–r). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 5. USNM PAL 772370. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe descending from apex toward viewer. b: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe on right. c: Lateral view, opposite side, apex up, possible raphe on left. d: Apical view, note central pit with raphe descending towards bottom margin. e–h: Carpolithes sp. 6. USNM PAL 772371. Scale bar = 5 mm. e: Basal view illustrating depression and keel in plane of bisymmetry, reflected light, palladium coated. f–h: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view showing relatively smooth rounded surface. g: Specimen rotated 180° from (f), surface partially eroded. h: Longitudinal view, showing median keel. i–m: Carpolithes sp. 7 USNM PAL 772372. Scale bar = 5 mm. i: View of intact face of globose fruit, possible apical constriction at top. j: Lateral view, intact surface to right, possible apical constriction at top, both micro-CT scan surface renderings. k: Apical view. l: Face view illustrating the mineral filling and the fine, radiating structure of the fruit wall on the left and right margins, both reflected light, palladium coated. m: Closeup of the cellular layer on the left of (l), micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–p: Carpolithes sp. 8. USNM PAL 772373. Scale bar = 3 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. n: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, one ridge running vertically in the center of view, the other two forming the left and right margins. o: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, ridge in (n) on the left. p: End-on view illustrating one convex, one concave, and one relatively flat to very slightly concave face. q, r: Carpolithes sp. 9 USNM PAL 772374. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. q: Exterior of the smooth broken half-sphere. r: Interior of the broken half-sphere. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 9. Carpolithes (a–r). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 5. USNM PAL 772370. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe descending from apex toward viewer. b: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe on right. c: Lateral view, opposite side, apex up, possible raphe on left. d: Apical view, note central pit with raphe descending towards bottom margin. e–h: Carpolithes sp. 6. USNM PAL 772371. Scale bar = 5 mm. e: Basal view illustrating depression and keel in plane of bisymmetry, reflected light, palladium coated. f–h: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view showing relatively smooth rounded surface. g: Specimen rotated 180° from (f), surface partially eroded. h: Longitudinal view, showing median keel. i–m: Carpolithes sp. 7 USNM PAL 772372. Scale bar = 5 mm. i: View of intact face of globose fruit, possible apical constriction at top. j: Lateral view, intact surface to right, possible apical constriction at top, both micro-CT scan surface renderings. k: Apical view. l: Face view illustrating the mineral filling and the fine, radiating structure of the fruit wall on the left and right margins, both reflected light, palladium coated. m: Closeup of the cellular layer on the left of (l), micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–p: Carpolithes sp. 8. USNM PAL 772373. Scale bar = 3 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. n: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, one ridge running vertically in the center of view, the other two forming the left and right margins. o: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, ridge in (n) on the left. p: End-on view illustrating one convex, one concave, and one relatively flat to very slightly concave face. q, r: Carpolithes sp. 9 USNM PAL 772374. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. q: Exterior of the smooth broken half-sphere. r: Interior of the broken half-sphere.
Рис. 3. Buccinum pemphigus на дне (ст. 13, гл. 778 м). Fig. 3. Buccinum pemphigus on the bottom (st. 13, depth 778 m). in Rare and interesting deep-sea finds of the buccinid gastropods (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Sea of Okhotsk
Рис. 3. Buccinum pemphigus на дне (ст. 13, гл. 778 м). Fig. 3. Buccinum pemphigus on the bottom (st. 13, depth 778 m).
Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters).
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012. in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012.
Рис. 4. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 4. Spatial correlogram of land snail M. cartusiana age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled sings). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 4. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 4. Spatial correlogram of land snail M. cartusiana age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled sings).
Рис. 3. Фотографии Laternula elliptica, сделанные около cтанции «Прогресс», ВосточнаЯ Антарктида. L. elliptica на морском дне с медкими камнЯми или гравием, глубина 27 м (А); несколько сифональных отверстий L. elliptica над поверхностью мЯгких осадков вокруг голотурии Staurocucumis turqueti, глубина 27 м (В); раковина L. elliptica (длина около 110 мм) на снегу около майны сраЗу после иЗвлечениЯ иЗ воды (С); пустые раковины L. elliptica на морском дне, глубина 56 м (D); раковина L. elliptica (вид с дорсального краЯ) на мЯгких осадках с камнЯми, покрытыми иЗвестковыми водорослЯми, глубина 30 м (Е); пара сифональных отверстий L. elliptica на поверхности мЯгких осадков, глубина 27 м (F). Фотографии О. Савинкина (A, B, D–F) и В. Потина (С). Fig. 3. Photographs of Laternula elliptica taken near «Progress» Research Station (East Antarctica). Softshelled clam L. elliptica on sea bottom with small stowns or gravel, depth 27 m (A); several open siphons of L. elliptica above soft bottom sediments around holothurian Staurocucumis turqueti, depth 27 m (B); a shell of L. elliptica (length about 110 mm) on snow near a dive hole just after dragging out of water (C); empty shells of L. elliptica on seafloor, depth 56 m (D); a shell of Laternula elliptica (dorsal view) on soft deposits among stones, covering by Lithothamnion, depth 30 m (E); pair of siphonal opening of L. elliptica on surface of soft sediments, depth 27 m (F). Photographs are taken by O. Savinkin (A, B, D–F) and V. Potin (C). in Species of warm-water origin Laternula elliptica (King, 1832) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Laternulidae), a widespread mollusk in recent Antarctica
Рис. 3. Фотографии Laternula elliptica, сделанные около cтанции «Прогресс», ВосточнаЯ Антарктида. L. elliptica на морском дне с медкими камнЯми или гравием, глубина 27 м (А); несколько сифональных отверстий L. elliptica над поверхностью мЯгких осадков вокруг голотурии Staurocucumis turqueti, глубина 27 м (В); раковина L. elliptica (длина около 110 мм) на снегу около майны сраЗу после иЗвлечениЯ иЗ воды (С); пустые раковины L. elliptica на морском дне, глубина 56 м (D); раковина L. elliptica (вид с дорсального краЯ) на мЯгких осадках с камнЯми, покрытыми иЗвестковыми водорослЯми, глубина 30 м (Е); пара сифональных отверстий L. elliptica на поверхности мЯгких осадков, глубина 27 м (F). Фотографии О. Савинкина (A, B, D–F) и В. Потина (С). Fig. 3. Photographs of Laternula elliptica taken near «Progress» Research Station (East Antarctica). Softshelled clam L. elliptica on sea bottom with small stowns or gravel, depth 27 m (A); several open siphons of L. elliptica above soft bottom sediments around holothurian Staurocucumis turqueti, depth 27 m (B); a shell of L. elliptica (length about 110 mm) on snow near a dive hole just after dragging out of water (C); empty shells of L. elliptica on seafloor, depth 56 m (D); a shell of Laternula elliptica (dorsal view) on soft deposits among stones, covering by Lithothamnion, depth 30 m (E); pair of siphonal opening of L. elliptica on surface of soft sediments, depth 27 m (F). Photographs are taken by O. Savinkin (A, B, D–F) and V. Potin (C).
Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)
Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm.
А – типовые местонахоЖдениЯ: Зал. ЛаврентиЯ (красный маркер), б. ПровидениЯ (Зеленый маркер); B, B' – иЗобраЖениЯ раковины (B) и Зуба радулы (B') Bela violacea var. nodulosa. Вр=14.5 мм, ДЗ=0.25 мм, иЗ: Krause [1885, pl. 18, figs. 4, 12]; C, C' – синтип Bela violacea var. nodulosa (C) и увеличенный участок предпоследнего оборота (C'), ZMB 37860, Вр=12 мм (фотографиЯ – с раЗрешениЯ ZMB); D–I – иЗменчивость Curtitoma violacea: D – Pleurotoma violacea var. brevis. ZIN беЗ номера, ЗФИ, о-в Аполлонова, Американский Залив, 3–4 м. Вр=8.2 мм; E – Defrancia becki. ZIN беЗ номера, ЗФИ, о-в Кука, 3–4 м. Вр=9.1 мм; F – Bela violacea var. laevior. Вр=12 мм, иЗ: Sars [1878, pl. 17, fig. 3]; G – Bela bicarinata var. geminolineata. ZIN 21324/28, Баренцево море, Югорский Шар, 13 м. Вр=8.7 мм; H – Pleurotoma bicarinata. ZIN 41203/156, ЗФИ, о-в ГрЭм-БЭм, 12–15 м. Вр=8.4 мм; I, I' – Зубы радулы типичной (I) и беЗкилевой (I') форм. ДЗ=0.12 мм и 0.21 мм, соответственно, иЗ: [Sars, 1878, pl. 9, figs. 7, 8]; J – иЗобраЖение раковины Lora inequita. Вр=11 мм, иЗ: Dall [1919, pl. 16, fig. 9]; K – голотип Lora inequita, USNM 222238. Вр=11 мм (фотографиЯ – с раЗрешениЯ USNM); L, L' – Oenopota inequita sensu Bogdanov non Dall: раковины (L) и Зуб радулы (L'). Вр=12 мм и 11.6 мм, соответственно, ДЗ=0.15 мм, иЗ: Богданов [1990, рис. 175, 176, 422 (7)]. A – type localities: Lawrence Bay (red circle), Providence Bay (green circle); B, B' – images of the shell (B) and tooth of the radula (B') of Bela violacea var. nodulosa. H=14.5 mm, L=0.25 mm, after Krause [1885, pl. 18, figs. 4, 12]; C, C' – a syntype of Bela violacea var. nodulosa (C) and the enlarged section of the penultimate whorl (C'), ZMB 37860, H=12 mm (photo – courtesy of ZMB); D–I – variability of Curtitoma violacea: D – Pleurotoma violacea var. brevis. ZIN uncatalogued, Franz Josef Land, Apollonova Isl., American Gulf, 3–4 m. H=8.2 mm; E – Defrancia becki. ZIN uncatalogued, Franz Josef Land, Cook Isl., 3–4 m. H=9.1 mm; F – Bela violacea var. laevior. H=12 mm, after Sars [1878, pl. 17, fig. 3]; G – Bela bicarinata var. geminolineata. ZIN 21324/28, Barents Sea, Ugra Shar, 13 m. H=8.7 mm; H – Pleurotoma bicarinata. ZIN 41203/156, Franz Josef Land, Graham-Bam Isl., 12–15 m. H= 8.4 mm; I, I' – teeth of typical (I) and keelless (I') forms. L=0.12 mm and 0.21 mm, respectively; after Sars [1878, pl. 9, figs. 7,8]; J – image of Lora inequita. H=11 mm, after Dall [1919, pl.16, fig. 9]; K – the holotype of Lora inequita, USNM 222238. H=11 mm (photo – courtesy of USNM); L, L' – Oenopota inequita sensu Bogdanov non Dall: shells (L) and tooth (L'). H=12 mm and 11.6 mm, respectively, L=0.15 mm, after Bogdanov [1990, figs. 175, 176, 422 (7)]. in Curtitoma nodulosa (Krause, 1885) comb. nov. (Gastropoda: Mangeliidae), a rare species twice described from the northern part of Bering Sea
А – типовые местонахоЖдениЯ: Зал. ЛаврентиЯ (красный маркер), б. ПровидениЯ (Зеленый маркер); B, B' – иЗобраЖениЯ раковины (B) и Зуба радулы (B') Bela violacea var. nodulosa. Вр=14.5 мм, ДЗ=0.25 мм, иЗ: Krause [1885, pl. 18, figs. 4, 12]; C, C' – синтип Bela violacea var. nodulosa (C) и увеличенный участок предпоследнего оборота (C'), ZMB 37860, Вр=12 мм (фотографиЯ – с раЗрешениЯ ZMB); D–I – иЗменчивость Curtitoma violacea: D – Pleurotoma violacea var. brevis. ZIN беЗ номера, ЗФИ, о-в Аполлонова, Американский Залив, 3–4 м. Вр=8.2 мм; E – Defrancia becki. ZIN беЗ номера, ЗФИ, о-в Кука, 3–4 м. Вр=9.1 мм; F – Bela violacea var. laevior. Вр=12 мм, иЗ: Sars [1878, pl. 17, fig. 3]; G – Bela bicarinata var. geminolineata. ZIN 21324/28, Баренцево море, Югорский Шар, 13 м. Вр=8.7 мм; H – Pleurotoma bicarinata. ZIN 41203/156, ЗФИ, о-в ГрЭм-БЭм, 12–15 м. Вр=8.4 мм; I, I' – Зубы радулы типичной (I) и беЗкилевой (I') форм. ДЗ=0.12 мм и 0.21 мм, соответственно, иЗ: [Sars, 1878, pl. 9, figs. 7, 8]; J – иЗобраЖение раковины Lora inequita. Вр=11 мм, иЗ: Dall [1919, pl. 16, fig. 9]; K – голотип Lora inequita, USNM 222238. Вр=11 мм (фотографиЯ – с раЗрешениЯ USNM); L, L' – Oenopota inequita sensu Bogdanov non Dall: раковины (L) и Зуб радулы (L'). Вр=12 мм и 11.6 мм, соответственно, ДЗ=0.15 мм, иЗ: Богданов [1990, рис. 175, 176, 422 (7)]. A – type localities: Lawrence Bay (red circle), Providence Bay (green circle); B, B' – images of the shell (B) and tooth of the radula (B') of Bela violacea var. nodulosa. H=14.5 mm, L=0.25 mm, after Krause [1885, pl. 18, figs. 4, 12]; C, C' – a syntype of Bela violacea var. nodulosa (C) and the enlarged section of the penultimate whorl (C'), ZMB 37860, H=12 mm (photo – courtesy of ZMB); D–I – variability of Curtitoma violacea: D – Pleurotoma violacea var. brevis. ZIN uncatalogued, Franz Josef Land, Apollonova Isl., American Gulf, 3–4 m. H=8.2 mm; E – Defrancia becki. ZIN uncatalogued, Franz Josef Land, Cook Isl., 3–4 m. H=9.1 mm; F – Bela violacea var. laevior. H=12 mm, after Sars [1878, pl. 17, fig. 3]; G – Bela bicarinata var. geminolineata. ZIN 21324/28, Barents Sea, Ugra Shar, 13 m. H=8.7 mm; H – Pleurotoma bicarinata. ZIN 41203/156, Franz Josef Land, Graham-Bam Isl., 12–15 m. H= 8.4 mm; I, I' – teeth of typical (I) and keelless (I') forms. L=0.12 mm and 0.21 mm, respectively; after Sars [1878, pl. 9, figs. 7,8]; J – image of Lora inequita. H=11 mm, after Dall [1919, pl.16, fig. 9]; K – the holotype of Lora inequita, USNM 222238. H=11 mm (photo – courtesy of USNM); L, L' – Oenopota inequita sensu Bogdanov non Dall: shells (L) and tooth (L'). H=12 mm and 11.6 mm, respectively, L=0.15 mm, after Bogdanov [1990, figs. 175, 176, 422 (7)].
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