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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2017View details →

from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893

- Figure 8. Rebecca Spur 3 area (marked with arrow in Fig. 6) in Google Earth image dated 11 October 2010. Markers: Tasmaniosoma compitale males (darker green) and females identified by colour (lighter green), Tasmaniosoma hickmanorum males (darker red) and females identified by colour (lighter red), and possible co-occurrence of females identified by colour (yellow).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2017View details →

from A remarkable case of mosaic parapatry in millipedes - ZooKeys 156: 71-84 (20 December 2011) https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.1893

- Figure 7A, B. Centroids from Fig. 6 superimposed on 100 m elevation contours A and principal rivers B. Scale bars = 25 km.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Simulated Sea Ice and Snow Thickness along the MOSAIC drift trajectory, from AWI-CM-1 and AWI-CM-3 nudged simulations.

Sea ice thickness and snow (on sea ice) thickness from nudged simulations performed using the coupled climate models AWI-CM-1 (zonal wavenumber truncated at 20) and AWI-CM-3 (T20 truncation; Pithan et al., 2023) with a 1h relaxation time. The model data is collocated to the drift trajectory of the Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAIC) across the Arctic Ocean, from 01 September 2019 until 31 August 2020. The collocation is done daily, by finding all model grid cells within the area covered by the distributed network of snow and sea ice measuring instruments deployed and maintained during MOSAIC. The sea ice and snow thickness is then spatially averaged for each day.  Data is provided in three .nc files for each model and variable (m_ice for sea ice thickness, m_snow for snow thickness) representing ensemble members 1 to 3.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Patterns in bird and pollinator occupancy and richness in a mosaic of urban office parks across scales and seasons

Urbanization is a leading cause of global biodiversity loss, yet cities can provide resources required by many species throughout the year. In recognition of this, cities around the world are adopting strategies to increase biodiversity. These efforts would benefit from a robust understanding of how natural and enhanced features in urbanized areas influence various taxa. We explored seasonal and spatial patterns in occupancy and taxonomic richness of birds and pollinators among office parks in Santa Clara County, California, USA, where natural features and commercial landscaping have generated variation in conditions across scales. We surveyed birds and insect pollinators, estimated multi-species occupancy and species richness, and found that spatial scale, season, and urban sensitivity were all important for understanding how communities occupied sites. Features at the landscape- and local-scale (i.e., distance to streams or baylands and tree canopy, shrub, or impervious cover, respectively) were the strongest predictors of avian occupancy in all seasons. The pollinator richness index was influenced by local tree canopy and impervious cover in spring, and distance to baylands in early and late summer. We predicted relative contributions of different spatial scales to annual bird species richness by assigning values to simulated sites representing "good" and "poor" quality, based on influential covariates returned by models. Shifting from poor to good quality conditions locally increased annual avian richness by up to 6.8 species with no predicted effect of the quality of the neighborhood. Conversely, sites of poor local- and neighborhood-scale quality in good quality landscapes were predicted to harbor 11.5 more species than sites of good local- and neighborhood-scale quality in poor quality landscapes. Finally, more urban sensitive bird species were gained at good quality sites relative to urban tolerant species, suggesting that urban natural features at the local- and landscape-scales disproportionately benefited them.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Uncovering the mosaic evolution of the carnivoran skeletal system

The diversity of vertebrate skeletons is often attributed to adaptations to distinct ecological factors such as diet, locomotion, and sensory environment. Although the adaptive evolution of skull, appendicular skeleton, and vertebral column is well studied in vertebrates, comprehensive investigations of all skeletal components simultaneously are rarely performed. Consequently, we know little of how modes of evolution differ among skeletal components. Here, we tested if ecological and phylogenetic effects led to distinct modes of evolution among the cranial, appendicular, and vertebral regions in extant carnivoran skeletons. Using multivariate evolutionary models, we found mosaic evolution in which only the mandible, hindlimb, and posterior (i.e., last thoracic and lumbar) vertebrae showed evidence of adaptation towards ecological regimes whereas the remaining skeletal components reflect clade-specific evolutionary shifts. We hypothesize that the decoupled evolution of individual skeletal components may have led to the origination of distinct adaptive zones and morphologies among extant carnivoran families that reflect phylogenetic hierarchies. Overall, our work highlights the importance of examining multiple skeletal components simultaneously in ecomorphological analyses. Ongoing work integrating the fossil and paleoenvironmental record will further clarify deep-time drivers that govern carnivoran diversity we see today and reveal the complexity of evolutionary processes in multicomponent systems.

Fig. 4 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil

Fig. 4. Overlap of daily activities between the pairs of the four felid species found in the Papagaios-de-Altitude Private Protected Area in Urupema, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The area colored in gray indicates the overlapping of daily activity in each species pair. The parallel lines in each graph indicate the mean time of sunrise (yellow) and sunset (blue) in the study region. Below each graph is the coefficient of overlap for each pair of species, and the confidence interval.

Fig. 3 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil

Fig. 3. Circular histograms with distribution and frequency of the seasonal activity of Leopardus guttulus, L. pardalis, L. wiedii and Puma concolor in Papagaios-de-Altitude Private Protected Area, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The arrows on each graph indicate the direction of the mean angle (µ). Each graph also exhibits the values of P and mean vector length (r).

Fig. 2 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil

Fig. 2. Circular histograms with distribution and frequency of daily activity of Leopardus guttulus, L. pardalis, L. wiedii and Puma concolor in Papagaiosde-Altitude Private Protected Area, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The black arrows on each graph indicate the direction of the mean angle (µ). Each graph also exhibits the values of P and mean vector length (r).

Fig. 1 in Daily and seasonal activity patterns of a felid assemblage in a forest-grassland mosaic in southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Study area: Papagaios-de-Altitude Private Protected Area in Urupema, Santa Catarina, Brazil. On the top-right panel, colors indicate the type of soil-use in the area and its limits. The black dots in the map indicate the location of the camera traps.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Training and test data for retrievals based on HATPRO observations during MOSAiC

The dataset consists of one netCDF file that contains the entire training and test data for the retrieval of temperature (ta) and humidity (hua) profiles, integrated water vapour (prw), and liquid water path (clwvi) from brightness temperatures (tb) measured by a HATPRO (humidity and temperature profiler). A regression with quadratic terms, except for the boundary layer scan which is confined to linear terms, is performed to derive these meteorological variables. The trained retrieval is applied on the HATPRO observations gathered onboard the research vessel Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. For the data to be specialized on Arctic conditions they are based on Ny-Ålesund radiosonde observations. An IDL-based radiative transfer model has been used to simulate brightness temperatures for each radiosonde. Several elevation angles (ele) are given in the file because the HATPRO radiometer performs elevation scans in between zenith scans to increase the resolution of temperature profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Side scan sonar backscatter mosaic offshore Thailand, Andaman Sea

The attached mosaics of side scan sonar data were recorded during 3 field campaigns in 2007, 2008 and 2010.  High backscatter values are represented by darker colours. The mosaic is georeferenced in EPSG:32647 - WGS 84 / UTM zone 47N. Please refer to Feldens, P.; Schwarzer, K.; Sakuna, D.; Szczuciński, W.; Sompongchaiyakul, P. Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Earth, Planets and Space, 2012, 64, 875-887; DOI:10.5047/eps.2011.09.001 and Sakuna-Schwartz, D.; Feldens, P.; Schwarzer, K.; Khokiattiwong, S.; Stattegger, K. Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2015, 15, 1181-1199; DOI:10.5194/nhess-15-1181-201 and Feldens, P., Schwarzer K., Sakuna-Schwartz, D., Khokiattiwong, S. (in prep) Offshore geomorphological evolution in Phang Nga province (Thailand) during the Holocene: An example for a sediment starving shelf and  references therein for further information on the dataset.  The research was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant No. SCHW 572/11-1 and National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Training and test data for retrievals based on MiRAC-P observations during MOSAiC

The dataset consists of one netCDF file that contains the entire training and test data for the retrieval of integrated water vapour (prw) from brightness temperatures (tb) measured by the MiRAC-P (microwave radiometer for Arctic clouds, aka. LHUMPRO-243-340). A neural network retrieval has been developed to derive the prw. The trained retrieval is applied on the MiRAC-P observations gathered onboard the research vessel Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. For the data to be specialized on Arctic conditions they are based on ERA-Interim reanalysis. An IDL-based radiative transfer model has been used to simulate brightness temperatures. The elevation angle (ele) is always 90° because the MiRAC-P performed zenith scans only throughout the MOSAiC campaign.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Behavioral performance and division of labor influence brain mosaicism in the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes

Brain evolution is hypothesized to be driven by behavioral selection on neuroarchitecture. We developed a novel metric of relative neuroanatomical investments involved in performing tasks varying in sensorimotor and processing demands across polymorphic task-specialized workers of the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes and quantified brain size and structure to examine their correlation with our computational approximations. Investment in multi-sensory and motor integration for task performance was estimated to be greatest for media workers, whose highly diverse repertoire includes leaf-quality discrimination and leaf-harvesting tasks that likely involve demanding sensory and motor processes. Confocal imaging revealed that absolute brain volume increased with worker size and functionally specialized compartmental scaling differed among workers. The mushroom bodies, centers of sensory integration and learning and memory, and the antennal lobes, olfactory input sites, were larger in medias than in minims (gardeners) and significantly larger than in majors ("soldiers"), both of which had lower scores for involvement of olfactory processing in the performance of their characteristic tasks. Minims had a proportionally larger central complex compared to other workers. These results support the hypothesis that variation in task performance influences selection for mosaic brain structure, the independent evolution of proportions of the brain composed by different neuropils.

Fig. 12 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 12. Distribution of occupied territories of Cuculus canorus, Oriolus oriolus, Phasianus colchicus and Dendrocopos major.

Fig. 7 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 7. Distribution of occupied territories of Acrocephalus plustris, A. Arundinaceus and A. scirpaceus.

Fig. 4 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 4. Distribution of occupied territories of Serinus Fig. 5. Distribution of occupied territories of serinus, Phylloscopus collybita, P. trochilus and Phoenicurus ochruros. P. sibilatrix.

Fig. 2 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 2. Distribution of occupied territories of Sylvia Fig. 3. Distribution of occupied territories of Sylvia communis. curruca.

Fig. 1 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 1. Location of the study area (surrounded with a broken line) in the city of Wroclaw: A — borders of the study area; B — rivers; C — main roads; D — loosely built-up areas; E —densely built-up areas.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

FIG. 4. — Mosaic from a in Martial's hawk and Iberian falconry. An exception in the ancient world

FIG. 4. — Mosaic from a villa in Carthage. Detail of a falconry scene, 5th century AD. Bardo Museum, Tunisia. Photo credit: T. Clark.