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216 results for “Magna”
Beyond microplastics: Water soluble synthetic polymers exert sublethal adverse effects in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna - experimental Dataset
<p>This Dataset contains the raw experimental data for the article "Beyond microplastics: Water soluble synthetic polymers exert sublethal adverse effects in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna" by Simona Mondellini, Matthias Schott, Martin G.J. Löder, Seema Agarwal, Andreas Greiner, Christian Laforsch. Published on Science of the Total Environment (2022) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157608">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157608</a><br> The file "dataset information" contains a description of the other files.</p>
Daphnia magna trade-off safety from UV radiation for food
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Data for fitness analyses used in: Environmentally-induced DNA methylation is inherited across generations in water fleas (Daphnia magna)
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Fitness cost from fluctuating ultraviolet radiation in Daphnia magna
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Data from: Haemoglobin-mediated response to hyper-thermal stress in the keystone species Daphnia magna
Anthropogenic global warming has become a major geological and environmental force driving drastic changes in natural ecosystems. Due to the high thermal conductivity of water and the effects of temperature on metabolic processes, freshwater ecosystems are among the most impacted by these changes. The ability to tolerate changes in temperature may determine species long-term survival and fitness. Therefore, it is critical to identify coping mechanisms to thermal and hyper-thermal stress in aquatic organisms. A central regulatory element compensating for changes in oxygen supply and ambient temperature is the respiratory protein haemoglobin (Hb). Here, we quantify haemoglobin (Hb) plastic and evolutionary response in D. magna (sub)populations resurrected from the sedimentary archive of a lake with known history of increase in average temperature and recurrence of heat waves. By measuring constitutive changes in crude Hb protein content among (sub)populations we assessed evolution of the haemoglobin gene family in response to temperature increase. To quantify the contribution of plasticity in the response of this gene family to hyper-thermal stress, we quantified changes in Hb content in all (sub)populations under hyper-thermal stress as compared to non-stressful temperature. Further, we tested competitive abilities of genotypes as a function of their Hb content, constitutive and induced. We found that haemoglobin (Hb)-rich genotypes have superior competitive abilities as compared to Hb-poor genotypes under hyper-thermal stress after a period of acclimation. These findings suggest that whereas long-term adjustment to higher occurrence of heat waves may require a combination of plasticity and genetic adaptation, plasticity is most likely the coping mechanism to hyper-thermal stress in the short term. Our study suggests that with higher occurrence of heat waves Hb-rich genotypes may be favoured with potential long-term impact on population genetic diversity
Magna-Mater-Brunnen
Sculpture of the Magna Mater fountain in the Maurer Rathauspark. The sculpture group made of marble shows the allegorical representation of mother love, was made by Anton Hanak and dates from 1925.  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Hutton Magna Medieval Settlement
This monument includes buried and earthwork remains of part of the medieval settlement of Hutton Magna, situated to the north, south and west of the present churchyard and immediately south east of the manor house known as Hutton Hall. The settlement is visible as the remains of a series of rectangular buildings of long house form, placed around parts of three sides of an open space, interpreted as a large, roughly rectangular village green. More than one phase of settlement is believed to be represented by the remains at Hutton Magna. At the time of the Domesday Survey in 1086, Hutton Magna, then known as Hotune or Huttone, was described as having six geld carucates (plough teams). In a document of 1254 the manor contained a capital messuage, dovecote, brewhouse and a water mill. The rectangular buildings are visible as three discrete groups of earthworks interpreted as the foundations of medieval long houses, associated yards and enclosures. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Albarello for the Tryphera magna preserve
ID no.: KGZ 5935 Museum: The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/1957 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ancestral environment determines the current reaction to ultraviolet radiation in Daphnia magna
<p><span>An individual's phenotype can be altered by direct contact with its present environment but also by environmental features experienced by previous generations, i.e. parental or grandparental effects. However, the strength and direction of these transgenerational effects may be highly variable according to the ecological conditions experienced by ancestral generations. Here we performed a reciprocal split-brood experiment to compare transgenerational responses to the threat of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the zooplankter <em>Daphnia magna</em>, which had, or had not, been exposed to UVR for more than 150 generations, respectively. We found that the environment at which parents and grandparents were reared significantly influenced both behavior and life-history traits of their descendants. However, such transgenerational responses </span><span>differed between <em>D. magna</em> individuals with contrasting ancestral stress history</span><span>, that is, when exposed to UVR previously unexposed individuals rapidly changed their behavior and life-history traits, whereas individuals previously exposed to UVR showed less pronounced response when the UVR threat level relaxed. Hence, we here demonstrate an asymmetric transgenerational plasticity in response to UVR threat. The findings advance our understanding on the evolutionary ecology of such transgenerational effects and their potential role in response to changes in the local environment.</span></p>
Data from: Cranial remains of Ramsayia magna from the Late Pleistocene of Australia and the evolution of gigantism in wombats (Vombatidae; Marsupialia)
<p>Giant wombats (defined here as body mass ≥ 70 kg) are found in the genera <em>Phascolonus, Ramsayia</em>, and perhaps also <em>Sedophascolomys</em>. Of these, <em>Ramsayia </em>is the currently the most poorly known, having been described from fragmentary mandibular and cranial fragments. Here, we report the most complete cranial remains attributable to the genus, identified as the species <em>R. magna</em>. The remains provide new important insights into the anatomy of the species and the evolutionary adaptations to gigantism in Vombatidae. We record parietal sinuses in a vombatid for the first time, an adaptation to increased skull size relative to the braincase. The presence of a prominent premaxillary spine may indicate the species possessed a large, fleshy nose. Both of features are convergent on other large-bodied, non-vombatid extinct megaherbivores of Australia such as <em>Diprotodon optatum</em>. We use the cranial remains to examine the phylogenetic relationships of the giant wombats to other vombatids. <span>Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference </span>indicates that <em>Phascolomys</em>, <em>Ramsayia</em>, and <em>Sedophascolomys </em>form a clade, suggesting a single origin of gigantism within Vombatidae. This origin may have been related to the exploitation of poor-quality foods by these taxa, and preceded the extreme specialisations observed in the incisor and cranial anatomy of the giant wombats. U-series and combined U-series and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating methods were applied to one fossil tooth. All sources of uncertainty considered, age calculations systematically correlate the fossil remains to Marine Isotope Stage 5, and an age of approximately 80,000 years can be proposed for this specimen. With only a single well dated occurrence for this taxon, it is currently impossible to determine when and why <em>R. magna</em> became extinct.</p>
Interactions between phenanthrene exposure and historical chemical stress: Implications for fitness and ecological resilience of the sentinel species Daphnia magna
<div> <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) arise from incomplete combustion of oil, coal, and gasoline, with lipophilic properties facilitating their widespread distribution and persistence. Due to their biochemical attributes, PAHs can accumulate in animal tissues, potentially causing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Since the industrial revolution, PAH concentrations in the environment have risen, with some areas showing levels from 0.159 to 33,090 µg/kg sediment. Despite acute toxicity studies showing adverse effects on freshwater organisms, the long-term impacts and synergistic interactions with other pollutants remain largely unexplored. </p> </div> <div> <p>This study investigates the impact of phenanthrene (PHE), a prominent PAH found in aquatic environments, on <em>Daphnia magna</em>, a species of significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems globally, being both a sentinel species for chemical pollution and a keystone organism in freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Leveraging the dormancy of <em>D. magna</em>, which spans decades or even centuries, we exposed strains with diverse histories of chemical contaminant exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PHE. Initially, acute exposure experiments were conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines across 16 <em>Daphnia</em> strains, revealing substantial variation in acute toxic responses, with strains naïve to chemical pollutants showing the lowest toxicity. Utilizing the median effect concentration EC10 derived from acute exposures, we assessed the impacts of chronic PHE exposure on the life history traits and ecological endpoints of the 16 strains. To elucidate how historical exposure to other environmental stressors may modulate the toxicity of PHE, temporal populations of <em>D. magna</em> resurrected from a lake with a well-documented century-spanning history of environmental impact were utilized. Our findings demonstrate that PHE exposure induces developmental failure, delays sexual maturation, and reduces adult size in <em>Daphnia</em>. Populations of <em>Daphnia</em> historically exposed to chemical stress exhibited significantly greater fitness impacts compared to naïve populations. This study provides crucial insights into the augmented effects of PAHs interacting with other environmental stressors. </p> </div>
Data from: Occurrence, ecology and management of Fascioloides magna in Bavaria, Southern Germany
<p>In 2015, red deer infected with American liver fluke were discovered in the Veldenstein Forest area for the first time. This was the first detection of the fluke in a wild deer population in Bavaria. </p> <p>The aim of the study was to determine the American liver fluke prevalence rates in red deer, roe deer and wild boar in the Veldenstein Forest, as well as factors influencing these rates.</p> <p>Since 2018, the livers of 83% of the red deer culled in the study area have been examined, as well as those of the occasional roe deer and wild boar. The livers are classified by adspection and dissection into four levels of infection. The age of the animals was estimated on the basis of dentition and tooth cementum annuli in the first molar (M1). The livers of 520 red deer, 226 roe deer and 75 wild boar were dissected. All wild boar livers tested negative. 3% of roe deer and 36% of red deer livers were positive. To lower the prevalence, the red deer population was reduced, beginning in 2018. In the following years, it fell significantly. Medium and high levels of infection were initially detected in 61% of adult red deer. Since 2018, the median number of flukes per infected liver has decreased significantly from 17.51 flukes/liver to 10.0 flukes/liver. On driven hunts, significantly more diseased deer were found than during hunting from raised hides.</p> <p>Furthermore, there are close correlations between infectations and the age of the red deer, and infections and the distance from the Pegnitz floodplains. The American liver fluke leads to the extinction of roe deer locally and to a massive infectation and decimation of the red deer population. Without a drastic reduction of the numbers in infected red deer populations, there is a risk of large-scale infection of native deer species across large areas in Bavaria.</p>
Figure 1 in Acute and chronic effects of thifluzamide on Daphnia magna
Figure 1. The chemical structure of thifluzamide (Fu et al., 2016).
Fig. 2 in First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
Fig. 2. Flukes' migratory paths with excessive hemorrhages.
Dataset of Daphnia magna samples' information in mRNA ratio study
<p>Dataset of <em>Daphnia magna</em> samples' information in mRNA ratio study. Information including treatments, somatic growth rate, size, weight and mRNA ratios. </p>
Data: Rapid evolution of unimodal but not of linear thermal performance curves in Daphnia magna
<p>Species may cope with warming through both rapid evolutionary and plastic responses. While thermal performance curves (TPCs), reflecting thermal plasticity, are considered powerful tools to understand the impact of warming on ectotherms, their rapid evolution has been rarely studied for multiple traits. We capitalized on a 2-year experimental evolution trial in outdoor mesocosms that were kept at ambient temperatures or heated 4 °C above ambient, by testing in a follow-up common garden experiment, for rapid evolution of the TPCs for multiple key traits of the water flea Daphnia magna. The heat-selected Daphnia showed evolutionary shifts of the unimodal TPCs for survival, fecundity at 1st clutch and intrinsic population growth rate toward higher optimum temperatures, and a less pronounced downward curvature indicating a better ability to keep fitness high across a range of high temperatures. We detected no evolution of the linear TPCs for somatic growth, mass and development rate, and for the traits related to energy gain (ingestion rate) and costs (metabolic rate). As a result, also the relative thermal slope of energy gain vs. energy costs did not vary. These results suggest the overall (rather than per capita) top-down impact of D. magna may increase under rapid thermal evolution.</p>
Can short-term data accurately model long-term environmental exposures? Investigating the multigenerational adaptation potential of Daphnia magna to environmental concentrations of organic ultraviolet filters
<p>Organic ultraviolet filters (UVFs) are contaminants of concern, ubiquitously found in many aquatic environments due to their use in personal care products to protect against ultraviolet radiation. Research regarding the toxicity of UVFs such as avobenzone, octocrylene and oxybenzone indicates that these chemicals may pose a threat to invertebrate species; however, minimal long-term studies have been conducted to determine how these UVFs may affect continuously exposed populations. The present study modeled the effects of a 5-generation exposure of <em>Daphnia</em> <em>magna</em> to these UVFs at environmental concentrations. Avobenzone and octocrylene resulted in minor, transient decreases in reproduction and wet mass. Oxybenzone exposure resulted in > 40% mortality, 46% decreased reproduction and 4-fold greater reproductive failure over the F0 and F1 generations; however, normal function was largely regained by the F2 generation. These results indicate that <em>Daphnia</em> are able to acclimate over long-term exposures to concentrations of 6.59 μg/L avobenzone, ~0.6 μg/L octocrylene or 16.5 μg/L oxybenzone. This suggests that short-term studies indicating high toxicity may not accurately represent long-term outcomes in wild populations, adding additional complexity to risk assessment practices at a time when many regions are considering or implementing UVF bans in order to protect these most sensitive invertebrate species.</p>
Persisting effects in Daphnia magna following an acute exposure to flowback and produced waters from the Montney Formation
<p>Hydraulic fracturing extracts oil and gas through the injection of water and proppants into subterranean formations. These injected fluids mix with the host rock formation and return to the surface as a complex wastewater containing salts, metals, and organic compounds, termed flowback and produced water (FPW). Previous research indicates that FPW is toxic to <em>Daphnia magna </em>(<em>D. magna</em>), impairing reproduction, molting, and maturation time; however, recovery from FPW has not been extensively studied. Species unable to recover have drastic impacts on populations on the ecological scale; thus, this study sought to understand if recovery from an acute 48 h FPW exposure was possible in the freshwater invertebrate, <em>D. magna</em> by using a combination of physiological and molecular analyses. FPW (0.75%) reduced reproduction by 30% and survivorship to 32% compared to controls. System-level quantitative proteomic analyses demonstrate extensive perturbation of metabolism and protein transport in both 0.25 and 0.75% FPW treatments after a 48 h FPW exposure. Collectively, our data indicate that <em>D. magna</em> are unable to recover from acute 48 h exposures to ≥0.25% FPW, as evidence of toxicity persists for at least 19 days post-exposure. This study highlights the importance of considering persisting effects following FPW remediation when modeling potential spill scenarios.</p>
Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT Magna Ease Pericardial Bioprosthesis, Model 3300TFX
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01171625. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 6. Publications: 1.
Persisting effects in Daphnia magna following an acute exposure to flowback and produced waters from the Montney Formation
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