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110 results for “Male Fitness”
Data from: Temperature fluctuations during development reduce male fitness and may limit adaptive potential in tropical rainforest Drosophila
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Data from: Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males
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Data from: Post-copulatory sexual selection allows females to alleviate the fitness costs incurred when mating with senescing males
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Data from: Fitness benefits of male dominance behaviours depend on the degree of inbreeding in a polyandrous lizard
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Data from: The causes of selection on flowering time through male fitness in a hermaphroditic annual plant
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Data from: Estimating selection through male fitness: three complementary methods illuminate the nature and causes of selection on flowering time
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Data from: Male and female reproductive fitness costs of an immune response in natural populations
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Data from: Male-limited secondary sexual trait interacts with environment in determining female fitness
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Data from: Facial width predicts male fitness and rank but not survival in Second World War Finnish soldiers
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Longer telomeres during early life predict higher lifetime fitness in females but not males
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Data from: The modulating role of group stability on fitness effects of group size is different in females and males of a communally rearing rodent
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Selection in males purges the mutation load on female fitness
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Data from: Is there indirect selection on female extra-pair reproduction through cross-sex genetic correlations with male reproductive fitness?
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Male harassment leads to fitness costs for females by disrupting oviposition site preferences
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Data from: Fitness consequences of redundant cues of competition in male D. melanogaster
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Fitness implications of nonlethal injuries in scorpions: females, but not males pay reproductive costs
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Data from: The mutational decay of male-male and hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite competitive fitness in the androdioecious nematode C. elegans
Androdioecious Caenorhabditis have a high frequency of self-compatible hermaphrodites and a low frequency of males. The effects of mutations on male fitness are of interest for two reasons. First, when males are rare, selection on male-specific mutations is less efficient than in hermaphrodites. Second, males may present a larger mutational target than hermaphrodites because of the different ways in which fitness accrues in the two sexes. We report the first estimates of male-specific mutational effects in an androdioecious organism. The rate of male-specific inviable or sterile mutations is ≤ 5 x 10-4/generation, below the rate at which males would be lost solely due to those kinds of mutations. The rate of mutational decay of male competitive fitness is ~0.17%/generation; that of hermaphrodite competitive fitness is ~0.11%/generation. The point estimate of ~1.5X faster rate of mutational decay of male fitness is nearly identical to the same ratio in Drosophila. Estimates of mutational variance (VM) for male mating success and competitive fitness are not significantly different from zero, whereas VM for hermaphrodite competitive fitness is similar to that of non-competitive fitness. Two independent estimates of the average selection coefficient against mutations affecting hermaphrodite competitive fitness agree to within two-fold, 0.33%-0.5%.
Data from: Evolution of male age-specific reproduction under differential risks and causes of death: males pay the cost of high female fitness
Classic theories of ageing evolution predict that increased extrinsic mortality due to an environmental hazard selects for increased early reproduction, rapid ageing and short intrinsic lifespan. Conversely, emerging theory maintains that when ageing increases susceptibility to an environmental hazard, increased mortality due to this hazard can select against ageing in physiological condition and prolong intrinsic lifespan. However, evolution of slow ageing under high-condition-dependent mortality is expected to result from reallocation of resources to different traits and such reallocation may be hampered by sex-specific trade-offs. Because same life-history trait values often have different fitness consequences in males and females, sexually antagonistic selection can preserve genetic variance for lifespan and ageing. We previously showed that increased condition-dependent mortality caused by heat shock leads to evolution of long-life, decelerated late-life mortality in both sexes and increased female fecundity in the nematode, Caenorhabditis remanei. Here, we used these cryopreserved lines to show that males evolving under heat shock suffered from reduced early-life and net reproduction, while mortality rate had no effect. Our results suggest that heat-shock resistance and associated long-life trade-off with male, but not female, reproduction and therefore sexually antagonistic selection contributes to maintenance of genetic variation for lifespan and fitness in this population.
Data from: Male-biased fitness effects of spontaneous mutations in Drosophila melanogaster
In populations with males and females, sexual selection may often represent a major component of overall selection. Sexual selection could act to eliminate deleterious alleles in concert with other forms of selection, thereby improving the fitness of sexual populations. Alternatively, the divergent reproductive strategies of the sexes could promote the maintenance of sexually-antagonistic variation, causing sexual populations to be less fit. The net impact of sexual selection on fitness is not well understood, due in part to limited data on the sex-specific effects of spontaneous mutations on total fitness. Using a set of mutation accumulation lines of Drosophila melanogaster, we found that mutations were deleterious in both sexes and had larger effects on fitness in males than in females. This pattern is expected to reduce the mutation load of sexual females and promote the maintenance of sexual reproduction.
Data from: Extra-pair paternity and the variance in male fitness in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)
The variance in fitness across population members can influence major evolutionary processes. In socially monogamous but genetically polygynandrous species, extra-pair paternity (EPP) is widely hypothesized to increase the variance in male fitness compared to that arising given the socially monogamous mating system. This hypothesis has not been definitively tested because comprehensive data describing males' apparent (social) and realized (genetic) fitness have been lacking. We used 16 years of comprehensive social and genetic paternity data for an entire free-living song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population to quantify and compare variances in male apparent and realized fitness, and to quantify the contribution of the variances in within-pair and extra-pair reproductive success and their covariance to the variance in realized fitness. Overall, EPP increased the variance in male fitness by only 0-27% across different fitness and variance measures. This relatively small effect reflected the presence of socially unpaired males with zero apparent and low realized fitness, small covariance between within- and extra-pair reproductive success and large variance in within-pair reproductive success that was relatively unaffected by EPP. Therefore, although EPP altered individual males' contributions to future generations, its impact on population-level parameters such as the opportunity for selection and effective population size was limited.
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