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160 results for “Medicinal plants”
Study of the genetic and phenotypic variation among wild and cultivated clary sages provides interesting avenues for breeding programs of a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant
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Phylogeny reveals non-random medicinal plant organs selection by local people in Benin
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Ancient medicinal plant rosemary contains a highly efficacious and isoform-selective KCNQ potassium channel opener
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Adjacency matrices and nodal attributes for prestige and homophily predict network structure for social learning of medicinal plant knowledge
<p>Human subsistence societies have thrived in environmental extremes while maintaining biodiversity through social learning of ecological knowledge, such as techniques to prepare food and medicine from local resources. However, there is limited understanding of which processes shape social learning patterns and configuration in ecological knowledge networks, or how these processes apply to resource management and biological conservation. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the prestige (rarity or exclusivity) of knowledge shapes social learning networks. In addition, we test whether people tend to select who to learn from based on prestige (knowledge or reputation), and homophily (e.g., people of the same age or gender). We used interviews to assess five types of medicinal plant knowledge and how 303 people share this knowledge across four villages in Solomon Islands. We developed exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to test whether hypothesized patterns of knowledge sharing based on prestige and homophily are more common in the observed network than in randomly simulated networks of the same size. We found that prestige predicts five hypothesized network configurations and all three hypothesized learning patterns, while homophily predicts one of three hypothesized network configurations and five of the seven hypothesized learning patterns. These results compare the strength of different prestige and homophily effects on social learning and show how cultural practices such as intermarriage can affect certain aspects of prestige and homophily. By advancing our understanding of how prestige and homophily affect ecological knowledge networks, we identify which social learning patterns have the largest effects on biocultural conservation of ecological knowledge.</p>
Effect of participation in commercial production of medicinal plants through community-based conservation groups on farm income at Kakamega forest, Kenya
<p class="Abstract">Forest conservation by peripheral communities is one of the most advocated strategies for ensuring sustainable supply of forest goods and services. In Kenya, although conservation activities generate considerable environmental improvements, studies evaluating the economic benefits are very limited. This study aimed at assessing the impact of participating in the commercialization training program by forest adjacent communities on farm income. Utilizing matching techniques, the analysis is based on the data collected from a randomly selected sample of farm households around Kakamega forest in Kenya. The results show that age, forest distance, forest benefit, market distance and farming experience are the main factors that influence the participation in the commercialization program. Also, participating in commercial production of medicinal plants has a positive and significant effect on farmers' income. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT), based on three estimation algorithms, ranges from KSH. 80,047 to KSH. 176,788 per hectare, per year, implying that policy efforts that focus on the participation in the commercialization program of medicinal plants can enhance incomes among farm-dependent households. The findings from this study suggest that upscaling the participation in the commercialization program to other areas.</p>
Traditional use of medicinal plants among the indigenous communities in district Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
<p>A number of indigenous communities reside in the Himalayan belt of Baramulla, where the lack of modern health care facilities represents crucial problems to their survival. Therefore the current study was aimed at documenting traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the region. Ethnomedicinal data was collected during 2018-2020. Fifty-one informants were interviewed in seventeen villages via questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and group discussions. Data was also analyzed by various ethnobotanical indices. A total of 85 plant species distributed in 40 families were documented. Asteraceae was reported to be the dominant plant family and leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part. Musculoskeletal disorder scored the highest ICF value (0.87). Colchicum luteum (0.61), Verbascum thapsus (0.59) reported highest UV and Viola odorata, Ajuga integrifolia had the highest FL of 100%. Of the documented species about 18 plants (21%) were reported for the first time to be used in the area. Medicinal plants still play an important role in the healthcare sector and the folk knowledge attached to them is remarkable in the region, although declining among the younger generations. Medicinal plants reported for the first time, needs to be studied pharmacologically.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 4. Molecular Phylogenetic analysis of Pseudocercospora crotalariigena sp. nov. (AMH:10041 Holotype; NFCCI:4441 ex type): Batesian tree from LSU, ITS, ACT and TEF1α. Numbers on the branches are bootstrap values for Mega 5 Maximum likelihood (ML) and Mega 5 maximum parsimony and Bayesian posterior probability (PP). Pallidocercospora heimii and Coremiopassalora eucalypti are out groups.
FIGURE 2 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 2. Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola sp.nov. (Holotype AMH: 10139) a–p Conidia. q–s Fascicles of conidiophores. Scale bars: 20 µm.
FIGURE 1. a in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 1. a Habit of the host plant (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.ex Kurz. b–c Symptoms on upper and lower surfaces of leaf. d Transverse Section through infection spots of leaf showing fungal colonies on lower surfaces. e Fungal culture on Potato dextrose Agar. f Fungal culture on Oatmeal Agar.
FIGURE 3. Scanning Electron Micrographs a–b in Morphology and Phylogeny of a new species Pseudocercospora rauvolfiicola on medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina from Sonebhadra Forest, Uttar Pradesh, India
FIGURE 3. Scanning Electron Micrographs a–b Fascicles of conidiophores arising from stomata of leaf of the host plant. c Conidia attached to conidiophores (showing arrow). d Fascicle of conidiophores showing conidiogenous cells (showing arrow). Scale bars: a–c= 10 µm, d=2µm.
FIGURE 2 in Hermatomyces pyriformis sp. nov., a novel dematiaceous hyphomycete (Hermatomycetaceae, Pleosporales) associated with medicinal plants in Yunnan Province, China
FIGURE 2. Hermatomyces pyriformis (HKAS 132457, holotype). a. Host Eleutherococcus nodiflorus. b. Branch of Eleutherococcus nodiflorus. c−e. Colonies on host surface. f. Conidiophores with conidia. g, h. Colonies on PDA (g from above, h from below). i−l. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. m. Germinated conidium. n−u. Conidia. Scale bars: f, i−u = 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Hermatomyces pyriformis sp. nov., a novel dematiaceous hyphomycete (Hermatomycetaceae, Pleosporales) associated with medicinal plants in Yunnan Province, China
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree from ML analysis based on the combined LSU, ITS, tef1-α and rpb2 sequences data. Branches support for ML ≥ 75% and Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (BIPP) ≥ 0.95 are marked above or below branches as MLBS/BIPP. The tree was rooted with Elsinoe centrolobi (AFTOL-ID 1854) and E. veneta (AFTOL-ID 1360). The abbreviation T indicate ex-type isolates. New species is indicated in red.
Fig. 3 in Ex-situ cultivation at lower altitude and evaluation of Swertia chirayita, a critically endangered medicinal plant of Sikkim Himalayan region, India
Fig. 3. An image of HPTLC plate at UV 254 nm showing swertiamarin content, track 1: standard swertiamarin, track 2: swertiamarin content in stem (niche environment), track 3: swertiamarin content in leaves (niche environment), track 4: swertiamarin content in leaves (ex-situ cultivated plant) (a); HPTLC densitogram of swertiamarin standard (b), stem (niche environment) (c), leaves (niche environment) (d) and leaves (ex-situ cultivated plant) (e), [x-axis represent retention factor (Rf) & y-axis represent absorption unit (AU)].
Fig. 1 in Ex-situ cultivation at lower altitude and evaluation of Swertia chirayita, a critically endangered medicinal plant of Sikkim Himalayan region, India
Fig. 1. Fully mature crop cultivated in niche environment (a), fully mature dried harvested plants from niche environment (b), one-year-old ex-situ cultivated plants at lower altitude (c), freshly harvested leaves from one-year-old ex-situ cultivated plants (d) and leaf: sessile leaves of fully mature plant cultivated in niche environment (left) and petiolated leaves of oneyear-old ex-situ cultivated plants (right) (e).
Data from: Exploring actinobacteria associated with rhizosphere and endosphere of the native Alpine medicinal plant Leontopodium nivale Subspecies alpinum
<p>The rhizosphere of plants is enriched in nutrients facilitating growth of microorganisms, some of which are recruited as endophytes. Endophytes, especially Actinobacteria, are known to produce a plethora of bioactive compounds. We hypothesized that Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (Edelweiss), a rare alpine medicinal plant, may serve as yet untapped source for uncommon Actinobacteria associated with this plant. Rhizosphere soil of native Alpine plants was used, after physical and chemical pretreatments, for isolating Actinobacteria. Isolates were selected based on morphology and identified by 16S rRNA gene-based barcoding. Resulting 77 Actinobacteria isolates represented the genera Actinokineospora, Kitasatospora, Asanoa, Microbacterium, Micromonospora, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Streptomyces. In parallel, Edelweiss plants from the same location were surface-sterilized, separated into leaves, roots, rhizomes, and inflorescence and pooled within tissues before genomic DNA extraction. Metagenomic 16S rRNA gene amplicons confirmed large numbers of actinobacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) descending in diversity from roots to rhizomes, leaves and inflorescences. These metagenomic data, when queried with isolate sequences, revealed an overlap between the two datasets, suggesting recruitment of soil bacteria by the plant. Moreover, this study uncovered a profound diversity of uncultured Actinobacteria from Rubrobacteridae, Thermoleophilales, Acidimicrobiales and unclassified Actinobacteria specifically in belowground tissues, which may be exploited by a targeted isolation approach in the future.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Re-evaluation and typification of Foeniculum piperitum (Apiaceae), an underknown medicinal plant and crop wild relative
FIGURE 1. Foeniculum piperitum (A, C, E) compared to F. vulgare (B, D, F) for some characters: habit (A, B), leaf (C, D), infructescence (E, F).
FIGURE 2 in Re-evaluation and typification of Foeniculum piperitum (Apiaceae), an underknown medicinal plant and crop wild relative
FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Anethum piperitum Ucria (Cupani 1713, vol. 1: t. 117) (reproduced from Pastena et al. 2003).
Use of medicinal plants for COVID-19 prevention and respiratory symptom treatment during the pandemic in Cusco, Peru: A cross-sectional survey
<p><b>Background:</b> The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru has led to people seeking alternative treatments as preventives and treatment options such as medicinal plants. This study aimed to assess factors associated with the use of medicinal plants as preventive or treatment of respiratory symptom related to COVID-19 during the pandemic in Cusco, Peru.<b> </b></p> <p><b>Method: </b>A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on general public (20- to 70-year-old) from August 31 to September 20, 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire via Google Forms, it consisted of an 11-item questionnaire that was developed and validated by expert judgment using Aiken's V (Aiken's V > 0.9). Both descriptive statistics and bivariate followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with the use of medicinal plants for COVID-19 prevention and respiratory symptom treatment during the pandemic. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and a P-value of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>A total of 1,747 respondents participated in the study, 80.2% reported that they used medicinal plants as preventives, while 71% reported that they used them to treat respiratory symptoms. At least, 24% of respondents used medicinal plants when presenting with two or more respiratory symptoms, while at least 11% used plants for malaise. For treatment or prevention, the multivariate analysis showed that most respondents used eucalyptus (p < 0.001 for both), ginger (p < 0.022 for both), spiked pepper (p < 0.003 for both), garlic (p = 0.023 for prevention), and chamomile (p = 0.011 for treatment). The respondents with COVID-19 (p < 0.001), at older ages (p = 0.046), and with a family member or friend who had COVID-19 (p < 0.001) used more plants for prevention. However, the respondents with technical or higher education used less plants for treatment (p < 0.001).</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>There was a significant use of medicinal plants for both prevention and treatment, which was associated with several population characteristics and whether respondents had COVID-19.</p>
FIGURES 12–16 in Description of five new species of Amblyseiinae (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with medicinal plants from the Northern Himalayan Zone of West Bengal, India
FIGURES 12–16. Okiseius ramdhuracus (female). 12. Dorsal view of idiosoma; 13. Ventral view of idiosoma; 14. Chelicera; 15. Spermatheca; 16. Genu, tibia and basitarsus of leg IV.
FIGURES 7–11 in Description of five new species of Amblyseiinae (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with medicinal plants from the Northern Himalayan Zone of West Bengal, India
FIGURES 7–11. Amblyseius rishyapensis (female). 7. Dorsal view of idiosoma; 8. Ventral view of idiosoma; 9. Chelicera; 10. Spermatheca; 11. Genu, tibia and basitarsus of leg IV.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.