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302 results for “Microplastics”
Figure 4 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand
Figure 4. Photographs showing different morphotypes, sizes, and colors of microplastics obtained from fish.
Figure 10 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand
Figure 10. FTIR spectra of the representative microplastic found in freshwater fish samples. Possible types are identified according to peak position of the spectra. a) polyethylene; b) polyethylene terephthalate; c) polyvinyl acetate; d) poly (methyl phenyl siloxane); e) poly (methyl vinyl ether); f) polybutadiene; g) polypropylene; h) poly (ethylene-copropylene); i) poly (ethylene glycol) tetrahydrofurfuryl ether; j) poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene); k) polyvinylidene fluoride.
FIGURE 3 in Microplastics contamination in fish, water, and sediment surrounding Ubatuba beaches, Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3 | Mean values and standard deviation of the synthetic particles in the gastrointestinal tract of Atherinella brasiliensis, from sandy beaches of Ubatuba, Brazil (summer, January/2021, and winter, July/2021).
FIGURE 5 in Microplastics contamination in fish, water, and sediment surrounding Ubatuba beaches, Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 5 | Graphic representation of the Principal Component Analysis (PC1 and PC2) based on environmental variables measured in sandy beaches of Ubatuba, Brazil. Red circles = summer (S); Green circles = winter (W); BS = Barra Seca; PC = Perequê Calma; PB = Perequê Brava.
FIGURE 1 in Microplastics contamination in fish, water, and sediment surrounding Ubatuba beaches, Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1 | The three sampling areas: Barra Seca Beach (red line) and Perequê-Açú Beach (Brava, orange line, and Calma, green line) in Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Source: QGIS.
FIGURE 2 in Microplastics contamination in fish, water, and sediment surrounding Ubatuba beaches, Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2 | Representation of colors percentage of the synthetic particles in the gastrointestinal tract of Atherinella brasiliensis, from sandy beaches of Ubatuba, Brazil (summer, January/2021, and winter, July/2021).
FIGURE 4 in Microplastics contamination in fish, water, and sediment surrounding Ubatuba beaches, Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4 | Box Plot representation (median and standard deviation) of synthetic particles quantities in the water (A) and sediment (B) samples from sandy beaches of Ubatuba, Brazil (summer, January/2021, and winter, July/2021).
Figure 4 in A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples
Figure 4. Circularity-versus-Feret's diameter plots of the MP samples collected at four stations in Sevastopol bay (the Black Sea) in 2019. Dot numbers do not correspond to the MPs abundance in the water. Dashed line represents the upper border of fibers.
Figure 5 in A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples
Figure 5. Distribution of MPs along Sevastopol bay (the Black Sea) in terms of average particle shape descriptors (left plots), overall abundance and weight of MP fragments, and percentage of fibers among them (right plots).
Figure 3 in A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples
Figure 3. Distribution of the four types of MP particles (red – rounded, violet – irregular, blue – elongated, and green – fibers) in a Circularity-versus-Feret's diameter plot (scatter). Dashed line represents the upper border of fibers.
Figure 2. A in A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples
Figure 2. A: Microplastic samples dried on the 'storage' filters (100-µm nylon mesh). B: Pure microplastics under an inverted microscope. C-D: Micrograph of a sample in Bogorov's camera and its b/w image processed in an image editor. E: High-contrast scan image of a microplastic sample.
Figure 6 in A new method for analyzing microplastic particle size distribution in marine environmental samples
Figure 6.Weight of a MP sample (M) as a function of the total silhouette area (S) of the MP particles.
Figure 3 in Microplastic intake of Unio mancus Lamarck 1819 collected from Atatürk Dam Lake, Türkiye
Figure 3. Photographs and µ-Raman spectrum of different types of microplastics by polymers a) nylon-6, b) polyethylene terephthalate, c) cellulose, and d) polypropylene extracted from the soft tissues of U. mancus Lamarck 1819 collected from Atatürk Dam Lake.
Figure 2 in Microplastic intake of Unio mancus Lamarck 1819 collected from Atatürk Dam Lake, Türkiye
Figure 2. The percentage of microplastics categorised by type a), color b), and size c) extracted from the U. mancus Lamarck 1819 samples collected from Atatürk Dam Lake.
Contamination from microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in the digestive tracts of the commercial species Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Fragments of microplastics (< 5mm) found in commercial species of fish, crustaceans, and bivalves, are an issue of global concern. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in different levels of the food web may provoke unwanted impacts on marine ecosystems and cause pernicious effects on human health. Here, we study the presence of anthropogenic particles and the fraction of microplastics in the target organs of two representative commercial fish species in Spain; the European anchovy (<em>Engraulis encrasicolus</em>) and the European pilchard (<em>Sardina pilchardus</em>). The individuals were sampled along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, from the Bay of Cádiz to Cape Santa Maria. The isolation of the microplastics (MPs) was carried out with a complete alkaline-oxidant organic digestion (KOH-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) of the digestive tract, including both the contents ingested and the muscle tissues. Anthropogenic particles were found in all individuals of both species with an average of 8.94 ± 5.11 items·ind<sup>-1</sup>. Fibres made up 93 % of the items while fragments and films were represented by the remaining 7 %. The average size of the anthropogenic particles was 0.89 ± 0.82 mm. In addition to the fragment and film particles identified as microplastics, 29 % of the fibres were estimated to be microplastics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The main polymer found in both species was nylon. No significant correlation was found between the abundance and size of anthropogenic particles ingested and individual size or other body variables. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and the distanced-based multiple linear regression model showed a high homogeneity in anthropogenic particle contamination in both species throughout the study area along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.</p>
Dataset for "Modeling of vertical microplastic transport by rising bubbles"
<p>This is the dataset for the paper</p> <p>Lehmann, M., Häusl, F.P. & Gekle, S. Modeling of vertical microplastic transport by rising bubbles. <em>Micropl.&Nanopl.</em> <strong>3</strong>, 4 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-023-00053-7</p>
Beyond microplastics: Water soluble synthetic polymers exert sublethal adverse effects in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna - experimental Dataset
<p>This Dataset contains the raw experimental data for the article "Beyond microplastics: Water soluble synthetic polymers exert sublethal adverse effects in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna" by Simona Mondellini, Matthias Schott, Martin G.J. Löder, Seema Agarwal, Andreas Greiner, Christian Laforsch. Published on Science of the Total Environment (2022) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157608">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157608</a><br> The file "dataset information" contains a description of the other files.</p>
Microplastics effects on marine microbial communities and their functioning
<p><span>Microplastics pervade ocean ecosystems. Despite their effects on individuals or populations are well documented, the consequences of microplastics on ecosystem functioning, especially regarding lower trophic levels, are still largely unknown. Here we show how microplastics alter the structure and functioning of pelagic microbial ecosystems. Using experimental pelagic mesocosms, we found that microplastics indirectly affect marine productivity by changing the bacterial and phytoplankton assemblages. Specifically, the addition of microplastics increased phytoplankton biomass and shifted bacterial assemblages' composition. Such changes altered the interactions between heterotrophic and autotrophic microbes and the cycling of ammonia in the water column, which ultimately benefited photosynthetic efficiency. The effects of microplastics on marine productivity were consistent for different microplastic types. This study demonstrates that microplastics affect bacteria and phytoplankton communities and influence marine productivity, which ultimately alters the functioning of the whole ocean ecosystem.</span></p>
Data example and code used in the publication "Is transport of microplastics different from that of mineral dust? Results from idealized wind tunnel studies"
<p>Background</p> <p>The code labels microspheres and counts them. Further, the code determines which microspheres are independent of microsphere-microsphere collisions by their relative position to the other microspheres in an image. Images were taken with a full-frame visual camera (Sony Alpha 7RII) with a long-distance-microscopy lens (K2 DistaMax).</p> <p>Description of the dataset</p> <ul> <li>image_data_all.zip contains 228 tif-format images taken in a single experiment <ul> <li>the images show borosilicate microspheres with diameters from 63 to 75 µm</li> <li>during the experiment, the microspheres are detached from the substrate and are transported out of the image</li> </ul> </li> <li>functions_particle_labeling.jl contains all necessary functions for particle labeling</li> <li>analysis_protocol.jl is an example, that first determines a color threshold, and then labels all microspheres in all images stored in "image_data_all/substrate_a/image_data_single_experiment"</li> <li>post_processing_visualisation.R is an r-script, that reads the output of analysis_protocol.jl and demonstrates how logistic functions were fitted to the data</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>We used julia 1.8.5 and R 4.3.0.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Personality determines population-level effects of microplastics consumption in a modelled population of stream-dwelling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
<p>Microplastics in freshwater habitats are consumed by fish, including stream-dwelling salmonids, which can alter food consumption or negatively affect swimming and foraging behaviour. As population-level effects are largely unknown, a simulated population of stream-dwelling rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) was created using the agent-based model 'inSTREAM 7' to model population-level effects (biomass) of behavioural changes caused by microplastics consumption. Individual fish were assigned all possible combinations of two personality traits (dominance, boldness/shyness), and consumed microplastics while foraging, while their abundance, body size, and microplastics consumption were tracked for three different life stages (fry, juvenile, adult) for a 10-year simulation period. Three additive scenarios were explored: a low-impact scenario with decreased food consumption, a medium-impact scenario with added lower swimming speed, and a high-impact scenario with added reductions in prey capture efficiency. Each was tested with microplastics concentrations of 0%, 1% (i.e., current levels), and 3% (i.e., future levels) of drift food. Overall, microplastics consumption did not strongly affect trout population abundance. Dominant adult trout consumed disproportionally more microplastics than all other fish, especially with higher microplastics concentrations. Different personality types were affected differently in the three scenarios: dominant and bold adults were smaller when food consumption was reduced, shy and subordinate adults were smaller when swimming speed was lowered, and all dominant adults, regardless of boldness, were smaller when foraging efficiency was impeded, with dominant and bold fry also less abundant in this scenario. However, effects on fish body size were only found with microplastic concentrations of 3%, indicating these outcomes can be prevented, as current levels of microplastics pollution are unlikely to affect salmonid body size. Nevertheless, microplastics ingestion represents an additional stressor that may potentially interact with a myriad of anthropogenic impacts that already affect wild salmonid populations.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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