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FIGURE 4 in Revision of Afro-Malagasy Otomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) with the description of a new Afro-Arabian species

FIGURE 4. Graph illustrating probabilities of assignment of individuals to different genetic clusters (Q), where the number of clusters (K) = 3. Each column corresponds to an individual and each colour within the column corresponds to the relative likelihoods of that individual belonging to each of the 3 defined clusters. Numbers on the x-axis correspond to geographical areas: 1 = eastern region of South Africa (n = 43), 2 = northeast Africa (n = 20) and 3 = Madagascar (n = 8).

FIGURE 2 in Revision of Afro-Malagasy Otomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) with the description of a new Afro-Arabian species

FIGURE 2. Tree based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of 1322 nucleotides of the concatenated mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and D-loop region sequences, depicting the relationship between 71 haplotypes of Afro-Malagasy Otomops species with respect to outgroups O. wroughtoni, O. formosus, Mops midas, M. leucostigma, Pipistrellus abramus and Myotis goudoti (haplotypes 72–77) (Appendix 1). Bootstrap and posterior probability support is given at the nodes according to parsimony (beginning) and Bayesian (end) analyses and dotted lines indicate relative positions of samples based on 1012 nucleotides of cytochrome b data only. SA = South Africa.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of Afro-Malagasy Otomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) with the description of a new Afro-Arabian species

FIGURE 3. Six statistical parsimony networks formed at the 95% confidence level in an analysis of Afro-Malagasy region molossids based on 2216 nucleotides of 5 concatenated nuclear regions (FES, GHR, RHO1, PRKC1, PNPO-Intron 3). Numbers next to connection branches indicate the number of mutational steps between samples and solid lines indicate connection and confidence level. Numbers correspond to samples as follows: 1—Otomops martiensseni s.s. (South Africa), 2—O. harrisoni sp. nov. (Ethiopia), 3—O. harrisoni sp. nov. (Kenya), 4—O. madagascariensis (Madagascar), 5—O. madagascariensis (Madagascar), 6—Mops leucostigma (Madagascar), 7—M. condylurus (South Africa), 8—Mormopterus francoismoutoui (La Réunion) and 9—M. jugularis (Madagascar). Sample details are indicated in Appendix 1.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of Afro-Malagasy Otomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) with the description of a new Afro-Arabian species

FIGURE 1. Map of the Afro-Malagasy region (including the Arabian Peninsula) depicting sampling regions and localities for specimens used for morphological and molecular analyses in this study and localities for holotype specimens.

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Figure 1 in Eumops perotis (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera, Molossidae): a new genus and species for Chile revealed by acoustic surveys

Figure 1: Distribution map of Eumops perotis: (A) geographic range according to Velikov (2019), (B) southernmost record known in the Pacific coast of South America (black star) until the present study, and new records in the Arica and Parinacota region, Chile (red stars).

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Figure 3 in Eumops perotis (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera, Molossidae): a new genus and species for Chile revealed by acoustic surveys

Figure 3: Discriminant function analysis (DFA) used in the classification of the echolocation calls of Eumops perotis.

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Figure 2 in Eumops perotis (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera, Molossidae): a new genus and species for Chile revealed by acoustic surveys

Figure 2: Sonogram of echolocation call of Eumops perotis recorded in the Arica and Parinacota region, Chile.

Fig. 7 in A new species of bat in the genus Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Misiones, Argentina

Fig. 7.—Top row: dorsal view of skulls of the three species of Nyctinomops known from Argentina: N. laticaudatus (CML 1913); N. mbopicuare (CML 14170); and N. macrotis (CML 1082). Bottom row: ventral view of the mandible of N. laticaudatus (CML 1913); N. mbopicuare (CML 14170); and N. macrotis (CML 1082) showing the difference in development of the process located at the symphysis. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 4 in A new species of bat in the genus Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Misiones, Argentina

Fig. 4.—Dorsal and ventral views of the skin of the holotype of Nyctinomops mbopicuare (CML 14170). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 3 in A new species of bat in the genus Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Misiones, Argentina

Fig. 3.—The evolutionary history of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene inferred in Bayesian analyses. Posterior probability values are shown next to the nodes. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in number of substitutions per site. Gray circle indicates those nodes with bootstrap values higher than 90 by maximum likelihood.

Fig. 1.—A in A new species of bat in the genus Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Misiones, Argentina

Fig. 1.—A) Map of ecoregions and known distribution points for the three species of Nyctinomops from Argentina: N. laticaudatus (triangles), N. macrotis (circles), and N. new sp. (star); B) roost of Nyctinomops new sp. in a deep crevice in the rock cliffs; C) strip of land between the rock wall and the river bank, where the mist nets were placed.

Fig. 5 in A new species of bat in the genus Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Misiones, Argentina

Fig. 5.—Lateral view of the skull and mandible (top), dorsal (bottom left), and ventral (bottom right) views of skull of the holotype of Nyctinomops mbopicuare (CML 14170). Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new species of bat in the genus Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Misiones, Argentina

Fig. 2.—Scatter plot of the two principal components of eight cranial measurements of two specimens of the new species of Nyctinomops (crosses) compared with the four known species of the genus: triangles = N. laticaudatus; dots = N. aurispinosus; star = N. femorosaccus; squares = N. macrotis; crosses = N. new sp.

FIGURE 7 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 7. View of the ventrum of three individuals of Chaerephon atsinanana sp. nov. captured the same day and from the same colony at Andasibe, showing the range of variation in ventrum coloration (left to right): Male (FMNH 184504, RHF 068), female (FMNH 184506, RHF 070), and female (FMNH 184508, RHF 072).

FIGURE 6 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 6. Lateral view of central portion of external right ear and antitragus of different Chaerephon spp.: A – C. atsinanana sp. nov. (FMNH 188144) from Madagascar: Province de Toamasina, Commune Anjiro, Marozevo; B – C. leucogaster (FMNH 188644) from Madagascar: Province d'Antsiranana, Nosy Komba, Ampangorinana; C – C. pumilus sensu stricto (BMNH 19.7.7.334) from Massawa, Eritrea, the type locality of this taxon.

FIGURE 3 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 3. Different views of skull and mandible of an adult female C. 'pumilus' (eastern Madagascar, described herein as Chaerephon atsinanana sp. nov.) (left set - FMNH 185259, holotype, GSL = 17.0 mm) obtained at Farafangana; adult female C. pumilus sensu stricto (middle set - USNM 38032, GSL = 15.9 mm) collected at Massawa, Eritrea, which is the type locality of this species; and adult female C. leucogaster (right set - FMNH 185228, GSL = 15.4 mm) obtained from Manakara: upper row, dorsal and ventral views of crania and lower row pair, lateral view of crania and mandibles. Arrows indicate differences between the three taxa in the M3 hypoconal flange. (Photograph taken by John Weinstein, FMNH image.)

FIGURE 2 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 2. Dendrogram based on analyses of 206 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene illustrating relationships between Chaerephon pumilus from the type locality of Massawa, Eritrea, and other Chaerephon clades: C. pumilus sensu lato (Tanzania), C. pumilus sensu stricto (Yemen), C. leucogaster (western Madagascar), C. pusillus (Aldabra), and C. 'pumilus' (eastern Madagascar, described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.). All sequenced individuals belonging to the above-mentioned taxa clustered into monophlyletic groups. Chaerephon chapini from mainland Africa, Mops leucostigma, and M. midas are used as outgroups. Nodal support is indicated according to the following analyses: Bayesian posterior probability in standard font (top), bootstrap value (1000 pseudo-replicates) for maximum parsimony analysis in bold font (middle), and neighbor-joining analysis underlined (bottom). Bootstrap values of less than 50% and posterior probabilities of less than 0.7 are not indicated.

FIGURE 1 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Chaerephon 'pumilus' (described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.). Map to the left is of the eastern portion of Africa, the Comoros Archipelago, Aldabra, and Madagascar. The larger map to the right of Madagascar illustrates known collection localities of specimens of C. atsinanana (eastern Madagascar) and C. leucogaster. The two species occur in sympatry at Manakara.

FIGURE 5 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 5. Tree based on analyses of 332 nucleotides of the mitochondrial D-loop illustrating relationships between 40 haplotypes of Chaerephon spp. with respect to the outgroup M. midas from Madagascar (haplotype 41). Nodal support is indicated according to the following analyses used: Bayesian posterior probability in standard font (top), bootstrap value (1000 pseudo-replicates) for maximum parsimony analysis in bold font (middle), and neighbor-joining analysis underlined (bottom). Bootstrap values of less than 50% and posterior probabilities of less than 0.7 are not indicated. Clade designations A, B, C2a, and C2b match those in Fig. 6. Chaerephon 'pumilus' from eastern Madagascar is described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.

FIGURE 4 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 4. Tree based on analyses of 1031 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene illustrating relationships between 20 haplotypes of Chaerephon spp. with respect to the outgroups Mops leucostigma from Madagascar (haplotypes 22 and 23), M. midas from Madagascar (haplotype 21), and Otomops martiensseni from Kenya (haplotype 24). Nodal support is indicated according to the following analyses used: Bayesian posterior probability in standard font (top), bootstrap value (1000 pseudo-replicates) for maximum parsimony analysis in bold font (middle), and neighbor-joining analysis underlined (bottom). Bootstrap values of less than 50% and posterior probabilities of less than 0.7 are not indicated. Chaerephon 'pumilus' from eastern Madagascar is described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.