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818 results for “Neutrality”
Modeling the Emission of Energetic Neutral Atoms in Titan's Dynamic Magnetospheric Environment
<p>Data for the manuscript "Modeling the Emission of Energetic Neutral Atoms in Titan's Dynamic Magnetospheric Environment" by Tippens et al., (2024). See README.txt for a description of the data files included here.</p>
Simulated Neutral Landscape Models and Scaling Results for Testing of Multi-Dimensional Grid-Point Scaling Algorithm
<p>The data package contains (1) simulations of neutral landscape models of categorical data for benchmark testing of scaling algorithms, and (2) scaling results for testing consistency and sensitivity of the newly developed Multi-Dimensional Grid-Point (MDGP) scaling algorithm.</p> <p>Neutral landscapes were generated using the "nlmpy" python module. The MDGP scaling algorithm and the test framework were implemented in R (https://github.com/gannd/landscapeScaling). </p>
A High-resolution Mosaic of the Neutral Hydrogen in the M81 Triplet
<p>This dataset shows the distribution of neutral hydrogen in and around the M81 galaxy triplet (M81, M82, NGC 3077) and consists of a 3° × 3°, 105-pointing, high-resolution neutral hydrogen (H I) mosaic obtained with the Very Large Array C and D arrays. The data are described in the paper by <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...865...26D">de Blok et al. (2018)</a>.</p> <p>Here we provide the following data products:</p> <p><strong>Cubes:</strong></p> <ul> <li>the natural-weighted cube of the VLA C+D mosaic: <em>m81.nat.cube.fits</em></li> <li>the robust-weighted cube of the VLA C+D mosaic: <em>m81.rob.cube.fits</em></li> <li>the natural-weighted cube using only D-array-like baselines: <em>m81_D.nat.cube.fits</em></li> <li>the natural-weighted and zero-spacing corrected data cube of the VLA C+D array and GBT single-dish data from <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AJ....141....9C">Chynoweth et al. (2011)</a>: <em>m81.zero.cube.fits</em></li> </ul> <p><strong>Moment maps:</strong></p> <ul> <li>natural-weighted zeroth (column density), first (velocity field) and second (velocity dispersion) moment maps of the VLA C+D mosaic: <em>m81.nat.mom[0,1,2].fits</em></li> <li>robust-weighted zeroth (column density), first (velocity field) and second (velocity dispersion) moment maps of the VLA C+D mosaic: <em>m81.rob.mom[0,1,2].fits</em></li> <li>natural-weighted zeroth, first and second moment maps of the "D-array" mosaic: <em>m81_D.nat.mom[0,1,2].fits</em></li> <li>zero-spacing corrected natural-weighted integrated HI map (zeroth-moment) of VLA C+D and GBT data: <em>m81.zero.mom0.fits</em></li> </ul> <p><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong></p> <p>If you make use of these data please cite the original paper:</p> <p><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...865...26D">de Blok et al. (2018) </a>- de Blok, W.J.G., Walter, F., Ferguson, A.M.N., et al. 2018, ApJ, 865, 26 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad557">10.3847/1538-4357/aad557</a>)</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 10 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 10. Hydrodynamic restoration of the Baculites compressus 3D printed model following overdamped harmonic motion. Apertural angle (θa) measured in degrees as a function of time after rotating approximately 38° from the equilibrium orientation. An angle of -90° represents a condition where the aperture is directed downwards. The function of decay in θa with time is represented by the grey dashed curve. Note that this model restores more quickly and does not oscillate about the equilibrium orientation.
Fig. 7 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 7. Virtual and physical hydrostatic models of Nautilus pompilius with computed percentage of the phragmocone emptied for neutral buoyancy (Φ) and hydrostatic stability (St). The tip of the up-side-down pyramid = center of buoyancy. The tip of the right-side-up pyramid = total center of mass. A. External view of the virtual model. B. Medial section of the virtual model with each component of unique density (green, soft body; red, cameral gas; blue, cameral liquid; grey, shell). C. Modified virtual model with simplified internal geometry and bismuth counterweight (yellow, PLA plastic; red, air; blue, liquid; purple, bismuth counterweight). D. Neutrally-buoyant, 3D printed model. The differences in Φ and the apertural angle (θa) are a result of the mass discrepancy (Table 5) and irregular geometry of the balloon. The error in St was computed assuming that the total mass discrepancy was distributed in the positive or negative z-directions.
Fig. 9 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 9. Virtual and physical hydrostatic models of Baculites compressus with computed percentage of the phragmocone emptied for neutral buoyancy (Φ) and hydrostatic stability (St). Green, soft body; grey, shell; red, gas; blue, liquid; yellow, PLA plastic; purple, bismuth counterweight; B, center of buoyancy; M, center of mass. A. Virtual model with an even distribution of cameral liquid and gas in the phragmocone (center of mass of cameral liquid and gas = center of volume of the phragmocone; cameral liquid and gas not shown). B. Modified virtual model with simplified internal geometry ("Modified 1" in Table 3). C. Neutrally-buoyant, 3D printed model. D. Modified virtual model with simplified internal geometry and axel hole through pivot point of rotation ("Modified 2" in Table 3). E. Neutrally-buoyant, 3D printed model fixed to an axel and silicone tubing used to supply thrust in the ventral direction. For this model, the mass discrepancy (Table 5) resulted in a slightly lower of 97.3%, but was held constant at 100%. All computed errors in St were computed assuming that the total mass discrepancy was distributed in the positive or negative z-directions.
Fig. 6 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 6. Hydrostatic models of Baculites compressus with computed percentage of the phragmocone emptied for neutral buoyancy (Φ) and hydrostatic stability (St). All models are oriented dorsum-left. The centers of buoyancy are marked by the tip of the higher pyramid. The total centers of mass are marked by the tip of the lower pyramid. Each material of unique density is designated a color (green, soft body; red, cameral gas; blue, cameral liquid; transparent grey, shell). A. Virtual model with 40% body chamber length to total length (BCL/L). B. Virtual model with 33% BCL/L and adorally distributed cameral liquid. C. Virtual model with 33% BCL/L and adapically distributed cameral liquid. D, E. B. compressus model modified with a concave dorsum similar to B. grandis and 33% BCL/L. Adorally (D) and adapically (E) distributed cameral liquid.
Fig. 3. Full 3D in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 3. Full 3D model of Baculites compressus with model components. A. Complete, digitally-reconstructed shell rendered in X-ray view to show internal structure. B. Three-dimensional model the soft body. C. Three-dimensional model of the cameral volumes within the phragmocone.
Fig. 4 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 4. Generation of a 3D printed model of Nautilus pompilius with theoretically equal physical properties to the virtual counterparts. A. Original virtual model from Peterman et al. (2019: fig. 2.5). B. Modified virtual model with simplified internal geometry. The center of buoyancy remains the same because external geometry does not change. The total center of mass, however, is corrected by a bismuth counterweight of known volume, density, and mass. C. 3D printed posterior half of the physical model with bismuth counterweight in the computed position. D. Anterior half of the physical model showing the one-way valve for liquid to exit upon displacement by an air-filled balloon. E. Neutrally buoyant physical model with the required volume to liquid ratio for neutral buoyancy. This computed volume of air is inserted through a one-way entrance valve into the internal balloon. Tracking points are placed parallel to the aperture in order to analyze movement in a hydrodynamic setting.
Fig. 5 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 5. Position of the ventral tracking point (V) and umbilical tracking point (U) as a function of time measured with the physics modeling software (Tracker 4.11.0; Brown 2017). Note that the rotation of the aperture is coupled with translational motion, resulting in complex movement.
Fig. 11 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 11. Thrust required to change the Baculites compressus model orientation (θa). A. Thrust Scenario 1: A continuous thrust supplied to the venter with a similar thrust ratio to Nautilus (Table 1). The average change from a vertical resting orientation (Δ θpeak) is 22.7°. B. Thrust Scenario 2: Periodic pulses from a pump with a simulated mantle cavity of 20% soft body volume of B. compressus (Table 1). The average change from a vertical resting orientation ( Δ θpeak) is 25.6°. C. Thrust Scenario 3: Periodic pulses from a pump with a thrust ratio between Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris (Table 1). The average change from a vertical resting orientation (Δ θpeak) is 72.2°. Average peak thrust (Fpeak) error bars represent one standard deviation calibrated from 30 second intervals of pumping.
Fig. 8 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 8. Hydrodynamic restoration of the Nautilus pompilius 3D printed model following underdamped harmonic oscillation. Apertural angle (θa) measured in degrees as a function of time after rotating approximately 38° from the equilibrium orientation. An angle of zero represents a condition where the aperture is horizontally oriented. Open dots represent the peaks used to calculate decay in amplitude with time (grey dashed curves).
Fig. 2 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 2. Shell and septum thickness measured from three specimens of Baculites compressus (WSU-1400, WSU-1401, and WSU-1405). Exponential curves were fit to these points to define thickness for the full 3D model as a function of whorl height.
Fig. 1 in Mode of life and hydrostatic stability of orthoconic ectocochleate cephalopods: Hydrodynamic analyses of restoring moments from 3D printed, neutrally buoyant models
Fig. 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of a fragmentary baculite Baculites compressus Say, 1820 (WSU-1400) from the late Campanian Pierre Shale of Meade County, South Dakota. A. Model of a fragmentary specimen generated by photogrammetry with the software (3DF Zephyr). B. Broken septum isolated from the photogrammetry model. C. Suture pattern. D. Complete septum created by reconstructing the higher-order frilling with the suture pattern as a template.
Carbon neutrality policy can deliver disproportionately higher gains for toxic trace elements control in China
<p>The dataset of carbon neutrality policy can deliver disproportionately higher gains for toxic trace elements control in China.</p>
The role of neutral and adaptive genomic variation in population diversification and speciation in two ground squirrel species of conservation concern
<p>Understanding the neutral (demographic) and adaptive processes leading to the differentiation of species and populations is a critical component of evolutionary and conservation biology. In this context, recently diverged taxa represent a unique opportunity to study the process of genetic differentiation. Northern and southern Idaho ground squirrels (Urocitellus brunneus – NIDGS, and U. endemicus - SIDGS, respectively) are a recently diverged pair of sister species that have undergone dramatic declines in the last 50 years and are currently found in metapopulations across restricted spatial areas with distinct environmental pressures. Here we genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from buccal swabs with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). With these data we evaluated neutral genetic structure at both the inter- and intraspecific level, and identified putatively adaptive SNPs using population structure outlier detection and genotype-environment association (GEA) analyses. At the interspecific level, we detected a clear separation between NIDGS and SIDGS, and evidence for adaptive differentiation putatively linked to torpor patterns. At the intraspecific level, we found evidence of both neutral and adaptive differentiation. For NIDGS, elevation appears to be the main driver of adaptive differentiation, while neutral variation patterns match and expand information on the low connectivity between some populations identified in previous studies using microsatellite markers. For SIDGS, neutral substructure generally reflected natural geographic barriers, while adaptive variation reflected differences in land cover and temperature, as well as elevation. These results clearly highlight the roles of neutral and adaptive processes for understanding the complexity of the processes leading to species and population differentiation, which can have important conservation implications in susceptible and threatened species.</p>
Prospects for single photon sideband cooling of optically trapped neutral atoms
<p>Data used for figures in paper: Berto et al., Prospects for single photon sideband cooling of optically trapped neutral atoms, 2021.</p> <p>Data is organized in single files fig1.csv, fig2.csv, ..., etc, each containing columns of <x> and <y> used to create the curves in the given figure.</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract: We propose a novel cooling scheme for realising single photon sideband cooling on particles trapped in a state-dependent optical potential. We develop a master rate equation from an ab-initio model and find that in experimentally feasible conditions it is possible to drastically reduce the average occupation number of the vibrational levels by applying a frequency sweep on the cooling laser that sequentially cools all the motional states. Notably, this cooling scheme works also when a particle experiences a deeper trap in its internal ground state than in its excited state, a condition for which conventional single photon sideband cooling does not work. In our analysis, we consider two cases: a two-level particle confined in an optical tweezer and Li atoms confined in an optical lattice, and find conditions for efficient cooling in both cases. The results from the model are confirmed by a full quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the system Hamiltonian. Our findings provide an alternative cooling scheme that can be applied in principle to any particle, e.g. atoms, molecules or ions, confined in a state-dependent optical potential.</p>
Dataset: A Neutral pH Aqueous Biphasic System Applied to both Static and Flow Membrane-free Battery
<p>Dataset for the results shown in the publication "A Neutral pH Aqueous Biphasic System Applied to both Static and Flow Membrane-free Battery"</p>
How to make climate-neutral aviation fly
<p>This repository gathers all the necessary data and scripts to reproduce the results presented in:</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>How to make climate-neutral aviation fly</strong></p> <p><em>Romain Sacchi*<sup>$1</sup>, Viola Becattini*<sup>2</sup>, Paolo Gabrielli<sup>2</sup>, Brian Cox<sup>3</sup>, Alois Dirnaichner<sup>4</sup>, Christian Bauer<sup>1</sup>, Marco Mazzotti<sup>2</sup></em></p> <p>Corresponding authors: email <a href="mailto:romain.sacchi@psi.ch">romain.sacchi@psi.ch</a></p> <p>1 Technology Assessment group, Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland</p> <p>2 Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</p> <p>3 INFRAS, Bern, Switzerland</p> <p>4 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany</p> <p> </p> <p>“Supplementary data 1.xlsb”: spreadsheet model to calculate aviation fleet emissions.</p> <p>“Supplementary data 2.xlsx”: data generated by “Supplementary data 1.xlsb”, used to produce Figures 2 and 3.</p> <p>“Supplementary data 3.xlsx”: data representing emission from DAC operation, required by “Supplementary script 1.ipynb” to produce Figures 2 and 3.</p> <p>“Supplementary script 1.ipynb”: Script to generate Figures 2, 3 and 4 in manuscript.</p> <p>“Supplementary script 2.ipynb”: Script to generate sensitivity analysis figure S4 in Supplementary Information file.</p>
Data and Code for Publication "Inferring human neutral genetic variation from craniodental phenotypes"
<p>Data and code for publication: H. Rathmann et al., Inferring human neutral genetic variation from craniodental phenotypes. PNAS Nexus.</p> <p>The repository contains:</p> <ul> <li>“<em>R code for DP-DG analysis.txt</em>”: R code for testing levels of neutral evolutionary signals preserved in five craniodental data types: cranial metrics, dental metrics, cranial non-metric traits, dental non-metric traits, and craniodental metrics and non-metric traits combined.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>“<em>Cranial metric data.csv</em>”: Dataset consisting of 37 cranial metric variables for 26 worldwide modern populations, provided in a comma-separated values file format. The data were collected by T. Hanihara and originally presented in the publication titled: T. Hanihara, Comparison of craniofacial features of major human groups. <em>Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.</em> 99, 389–412 (1996) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199603)99:3%3c389::AID-AJPA3%3e3.0.CO;2-S">https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199603)99:3<389::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-S</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>“<em>Dental metric data.csv</em>”: Dataset comprising 28 dental metric variables for 26 worldwide modern populations, provided in a comma-separated values file format. The data were collected by T. Hanihara and originally presented in the publication titled: T. Hanihara, H. Ishida, Metric dental variation of major human populations. <em>Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.</em> 128, 287–298 (2005) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20080">https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20080</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>“<em>Cranial non-metric trait data.csv</em>”: Dataset consisting of 24 cranial non-metric trait variables for 26 worldwide modern populations, provided in a comma-separated values file format. The data were collected for the most part by T. Hanihara and presented in the publication titled: T. Hanihara, H. Ishida, Y. Dodo, Characterization of biological diversity through analysis of discrete cranial traits. <em>Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.</em> 121, 241–251 (2003) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10233">https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10233</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>“<em>Dental non-metric trait data.csv</em>”: Dataset comprising 25 dental non-metric trait variables for 26 worldwide modern populations, provided in a comma-separated values file format. The data were collected by C. G. Turner II, G. R. Scott, and J. D. Irish. This individual-level dataset was artificially created from population-level trait frequency information presented in the publications: G. R. Scott, J. D. Irish, <em>Human Tooth Crown and Root Morphology </em>(Cambridge University Press, 2017) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316156629">https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316156629</a>); and: J. D. Irish, A. Morez, L. Girdland Flink, E. L. W. Phillips, G. R. Scott, Do dental nonmetric traits actually work as proxies for neutral genomic data? Some answers from continental- and global-level analyses. <em>Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. </em>172, 347–375 (2020) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24052">https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24052</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>“<em>SNP data.txt</em>”: Dataset comprising 8,821 SNP markers for 26 worldwide modern populations, provided in a genepop file format. The data were obtained from various published sources: I. Lazaridis et al., Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. <em>Nature </em>513, 409–413 (2014) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13673">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13673</a>); P. Qin, M. Stoneking, Denisovan ancestry in east Eurasian and native American populations. <em>Mol. Biol. Evol. </em>32, 2665–2674 (2015) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv141">https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv141</a>); P. Skoglund et al., Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific. <em>Nature </em>538, 510–513 (2016) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19844">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19844</a>); M. R. Nelson et al., The Population Reference Sample, POPRES: a resource for population, disease, and pharmacological genetics research. <em>Am. J. Hum. Genet. </em>83, 347–358 (2008) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.08.005">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.08.005</a>); J. K. Pickrell, J. K. Pritchard, Inference of population splits and mixtures from genome-wide allele frequency data. <em>PLoS Genet. </em>8, e1002967 (2012) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002967">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002967</a>); A. Bergström et al., Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes. <em>Science </em>367 (2020) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5012">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5012</a>); B. M. Henn et al., Genomic ancestry of North Africans supports back-to-Africa migrations. <em>PLoS Genet. </em>8, e1002397 (2012) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002397">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002397</a>); S. Mallick et al., The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations. <em>Nature </em>538, 201–206 (2016) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18964">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18964</a>); Lao et al., Correlation between genetic and geographic structure in Europe. <em>Curr. Biol. </em>18, 1241–1248 (2008) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.049">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.049</a>); and M. Lipson et al., Population Turnover in Remote Oceania Shortly after Initial Settlement. <em>Curr. Biol. </em>28, 1157-1165.e7 (2018) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.051">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.051</a>).</li> </ul> <p>For population and variable names and abbreviations, see Supplementary Information in: H. Rathmann et al., Inferring human neutral genetic variation from craniodental phenotypes. PNAS Nexus.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.