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53 results for “Northern bat”
Interactions between bat species and agricultural pests and disease vectors in northern Madagascar
<p>This table is part of the PhD thesis of Carme Tuneu-Corral, entitled '<strong>Bats and rice: promoting Integrated Pest Management to enhance biodiversity conservation</strong>'. It is the <span>Table A4.4</span> of the supplementary material of the Chapter 5 '<em>Beyond borders: evaluating the role of protected areas in promoting bat-mediated pest suppression in rural areas of northern Madagascar</em>', and illustrates the arthropod species detected in bat faecal sampels and classified as insect pests or disease vectors, and their interactions with bat species. Information on the bold percentage of similarity, study site, habitat type and pest type.</p>
Faecal samples analysed per bat species for each location, season and habitat type in northern Madagascar
<p>This table is part of the PhD thesis of Carme Tuneu-Corral, entitled '<strong>Bats and rice: promoting Integrated Pest Management to enhance biodiversity conservation</strong>'. It is the <strong><em>Table A4.1 </em></strong>of the supplementary material of the Chapter 5 '<em>Beyond borders: evaluating the role of protected areas in promoting bat-mediated pest suppression in rural areas of northern Madagascar</em>', and compiles the information on the number of samples analysed per bat species for each location, season and habitat type. Buildings were all located in rural villages outside protected areas, and caves and forest were all located inside protected areas.</p> <p>Methodology: </p> <p>Due to the subtropical climate of this country, we sampled bats in two periods representing the two main seasons for both Amber Mountain and Ankarana. Dry and wet season vary slightly in timing and extent, and we adjusted the field periods to cover the end of the dry season (October – November 2022), and the end of the wet season (May 2023, as in April one of the protected areas was inaccessible due to the poor state of the road caused by heavy rains). French Mountain was visited only in the dry season (October – November 2022) due to logistic limitations. We used mist-nets and harp traps to sample insectivorous bats in protected areas and rural villages. Bat captures were conducted for 7-10 consecutive nights in each protected area, changing sampling points daily to cover a wider area. We sampled bats in a total of six caves and four forest points in Ankarana; six caves and two forest points in French Mountain; and 10 forest points in Amber Mountain (there are no known caves in this protected area). Three school buildings were visited at 16 km from Ankarana borders, two public buildings at 3 km from Amber Mountain borders, and two school buildings at 1 km from French Mountain borders. When sampling forest habitats, mist-nets and harp traps were installed 30 minutes before sunset and remained open for at least four hours. When sampling bats at roost entrances (caves inside protected areas and buildings in rural villages), bats were captured before sunrise when returning to the colony after feeding. In these cases, we used mist-nets and harp traps set up four hours before dawn, which remained in place until 30 minutes after sunrise.</p> <p>All insectivorous bats captured were measured, weighed and identified using different bibliographic references. Bat captures and handling were conducted following guidelines approved by the American Society of Mammalogists (Sikes and Gannon, 2011). Bats were kept in clean cloth bags until they defecated, generally for a maximum of one hour. In case the bat individuals had not defecated within that time interval, they were released after being measured, weighted and identified. Faecal pellets of each individual were immediately collected and stored in 2 ml tubes with 95% ethanol and labelled accordingly. All bats were released at the same site where they were captured. We gathered a total of 500 samples to assess bat diet: 250 samples collected in the dry season and 250 samples in the wet season. The number of samples collected per species varied according to their rate of capture at the different sampling points.</p> <p>We were able to trap 15 different insectivorous bat species, 11 Madagascar endemics, and four regional endemics also occurring on nearby islands. Twelve bat species were captured exclusively inside the protected areas and those considered largely forest dependent are highlighted in bold (C<em>haerephon jobimena, Laephotis matroka, Macronycteris commersoni, Miniopterus aelleni, M. ambohitrensis, M. gleni, M. griveaudi, Myotis goudoti, Otomops madagascariensis, <strong>Paratriaenops auritus, Paremballonura tiavato</strong>, Triaenops menamena</em>), and two were captured exclusively outside the protected areas (<em>Chaerephon leucogaster, Mops leucostigma</em>). <em>Mormopterus jugularis</em> was the only species found roosting both in caves and buildings, although it was primarily captured in natural roosts in this study. We collected faecal samples for all these species, obtaining operational genetic material (i.e. OTUs representing more than 1% of the total dietary reads of each sample) from 454 of the 500 faecal samples analysed (Table A4.1). </p>
Seasonal weighted percentage of occurrence (wPOO) of different arthropod orders in the diet of bats of northern Madagascar
<p>This table (updated from previous version) is part of the PhD thesis of Carme Tuneu-Corral, entitled '<strong>Bats and rice: promoting Integrated Pest Management to enhance biodiversity conservation</strong>'. It is the Table A4.2 of the supplementary material of the Chapter 5 '<em>Beyond borders: evaluating the role of protected areas in promoting bat-mediated pest suppression in rural areas of northern Madagascar</em>', and illustrates the weighted percentage of occurrence (wPOO) of each arthropod order in the diet of the different bat species for each season (dry and wet). The values in brackets next to each species name are the total samples collected for that species.</p> <p>Methodology: </p> <p>When focusing on the different bat species, bat diet was assessed using the weighted percentage of occurrence data (wPOO), which is similar to POO, but it weights each occurrence according to the number of food items in the sample, since it may be more biologically realistic than using POO or FOO. As discussed by Deagle et al. (2019), POO data is useful because it shows each food taxon's percentage of the total diet (unlike FOO, which does not sum to 100%). However, wPOO may be more accurate because it weights each sample equally, preventing samples with many food taxa from having stronger influence. wPOO values were also calculated for each season (dry/wet) independently, in order to perceive changes in prey preferences depending on the season. </p>
List of agricultural pests and disease vectors detected in the diet of insectivorous bats in northern Madagascar
<p>This table is part of the PhD thesis of Carme Tuneu-Corral, entitled '<strong>Bats and rice: promoting Integrated Pest Management to enhance biodiversity conservation</strong>'. It is the <span>Table A4.3</span> of the supplementary material of the Chapter 5 '<em>Beyond borders: evaluating the role of protected areas in promoting bat-mediated pest suppression in rural areas of northern Madagascar</em>', and shows the list of agricultural pests (known and potential) and disease vectors detected in the diet of insectivorous bats, BOLD ID percentage (similarity), and information on the type of crops attacked or disease transmitted by them in Madagascar and/or continental Africa.</p> <p>Methodology:</p> <p><span>To evaluate whether bats were consuming agricultural pests or disease vectors, we only considered prey identified to species level. Using published scientific literature, we classified each arthropod species in one of the following categories: ‘non-pest prey’, ‘known human-disease vector’ (species confirmed as human-disease vector in Madagascar), ‘known livestock-disease vector’ (species confirmed as livestock-disease vector in Madagascar), ‘potential human-disease vector’ (species not confirmed as human-disease vector in Madagascar, but considered as such in continental Africa), ‘potential livestock-disease vector’ (species not confirmed as livestock-disease vector in Madagascar, but considered as such in continental Africa), ‘known agricultural pest’ (species confirmed as agricultural pest in Madagascar), ‘potential agricultural pest’ (species not confirmed as agricultural pest in Madagascar, but considered as such in continental Africa).</span></p> <p> </p>
Figure 1 in Summer temperature and precipitation govern bat diversity at northern latitudes in Norway
Figure 1 Predicted values (lines) of finding other species than the northern bat in temperature (A) and precipitation (B) gradients (x-axis) based on the GLM-model. Each tick represents one of the 45 sites where ultrasound loggers were deployed. The figure predicting the effect of temperature is based on a separate GLM-model fit including temperature as a single factor with average precipitation values. The figure presenting precipitation shows predicted values only in the temperature range where variation in diversity was found during this study (from 10 to 12°C).
Data from: Population genetic structure within and among seasonal site types in the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the northern long-eared bat (M. septentrionalis)
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Data from: Prelude to a panzootic: gene flow and immunogenetic variation in northern little brown myotis vulnerable to bat white-nose syndrome
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Dramatic decline of northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii in Sweden over 30 years
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Subspecies and Distribution. R d. denti Thomas, 1904 - SW Angola, N Namibia, NW & SW Botswana, and N South Africa (Northern Cape Province). There is an unconfirmed record from SW Republic of the Congo. R d. knorri Eisentraut, 1960 - scattered records across W Africa in SE Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, W Guinea, N Sierra Leone, N Ivory Coast (but possibly representing Lander's Horseshoe Bat, R landeri), NE Ghana, S Burkina Faso, and Nigeria. There is apparently a specimen from S South Sudan that might represent this subspecies, although its identity needs to be validated. in Rhinolophidae
Subspecies and Distribution. R d. denti Thomas, 1904 - SW Angola, N Namibia, NW & SW Botswana, and N South Africa (Northern Cape Province). There is an unconfirmed record from SW Republic of the Congo. R d. knorri Eisentraut, 1960 - scattered records across W Africa in SE Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, W Guinea, N Sierra Leone, N Ivory Coast (but possibly representing Lander's Horseshoe Bat, R landeri), NE Ghana, S Burkina Faso, and Nigeria. There is apparently a specimen from S South Sudan that might represent this subspecies, although its identity needs to be validated.
FIGURE 5 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia
FIGURE 5. Plot of zygomatic breadth (ZYG) vs. mastoid breadth (MASB) showing trend for relatively broader MASB in type series of C. gouldii venatoris (squares) compared to C. neocaledonicus (circles). V = holotype female of C. g. venatoris, C = holotype male of C. neocaledonicus. Open symbols are males, solid symbols are female.
FIGURE 1 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia
FIGURE 1. Diagramatic illustration of species differences in the degree of development of the terminal lobe or flap (gray shading) in the outer ear margin of: A, Chalinolobus gouldii gouldii and C. gouldii venatoris, and B, C. neocaledonicus and C. nigrogriseus. Note that other illustrated features are generalised Chalinolobus representations that might not reflect interspecific differences (modified from Parnaby 1992: fig. 15).
List of specimens, species codes, localities (NI, Northern Iberia; CI, Central Iberia; SI, Southern Iberia; AU, Austria; BL, Bulgaria; CR, Croatia; CZ, Czech Republic; DK, Denmark; FR, France; GE, Germany; GR, Greece; HN, Hungary; SD, Sweden; SW, Switzerland; TK, Turkey), haplotypes codes for species and GenBank accession numbers of the samples used for an overall molecular screening of bat cryptic diversity in Iberia using a mtDNA cytb fragment in The Iberian contribution to cryptic diversity in European bats
List of specimens, species codes, localities (NI, Northern Iberia; CI, Central Iberia; SI, Southern Iberia; AU, Austria; BL, Bulgaria; CR, Croatia; CZ, Czech Republic; DK, Denmark; FR, France; GE, Germany; GR, Greece; HN, Hungary; SD, Sweden; SW, Switzerland; TK, Turkey), haplotypes codes for species and GenBank accession numbers of the samples used for an overall molecular screening of bat cryptic diversity in Iberia using a mtDNA cytb fragment
On following pages: 61. Spotted Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bivittatus); 62. Long-crested Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon chapini); 63. Gallagher's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon gallagheri); 64. Grandidier's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon leucogasten); 65. Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon majon; 66. Nigerian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon nigeriae); 67. Sao Tome Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon tomensis); 68. Little Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pumilus);, 69. Russet Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon russatus); 70. Seychelles Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pusillus); 71. Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana); 72. Black-and-red Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobimena); 73. Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon johorensis); 74. Wrinkle-lipped Free-Tailed Bat (Chaerephon plicatus); 75. Fijian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bregullae); 76. Solomons Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon solomonis); 77. Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobensis). in Molossidae
On following pages: 61. Spotted Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bivittatus); 62. Long-crested Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon chapini); 63. Gallagher's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon gallagheri); 64. Grandidier's Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon leucogasten); 65. Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon majon; 66. Nigerian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon nigeriae); 67. Sao Tome Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon tomensis); 68. Little Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pumilus);, 69. Russet Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon russatus); 70. Seychelles Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pusillus); 71. Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana); 72. Black-and-red Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobimena); 73. Lesser Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon johorensis); 74. Wrinkle-lipped Free-Tailed Bat (Chaerephon plicatus); 75. Fijian Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon bregullae); 76. Solomons Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon solomonis); 77. Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon jobensis).
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