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65 results for “Odour”
Data from: Kin discrimination via odour in the cooperatively breeding banded mongoose
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The smell of cooperation: rats increase helpful behaviour when receiving odour cues of a conspecific performing a cooperative task
<p>Reciprocity can explain cooperative behaviour among non-kin, where individuals help others depending on their experience in previous interactions. Norway rats <i>(Rattus norvegicus)</i> cooperate reciprocally according to direct and generalized reciprocity. In a sequence of four consecutive experiments, we show that odour cues from a cooperating conspecific are sufficient to induce altruistic help of rats in a food-exchange task. When rats were enabled to help a non-cooperative partner while receiving olfactory information from a rat helping a conspecific in a different room, they helped their non-cooperative partner as if it was a cooperative one. We further show that the cues inducing altruistic behaviour are released during the act of cooperation and do not depend on the identity of the cue provider. Remarkably, olfactory cues seem to be more important for cooperation decisions than experiencing a cooperative act per se. This suggests that rats signal their cooperation propensity to social partners, which increases their chances to receive help in return.</p>
Data from: Pregnancy is detected via odour in a wild cooperative breeder
Among mammals, scent has long been known to encode oestrus; however, in many species, detecting pregnancy may also be important in terms of both competition and mate-choice. Here, we show, through odour presentation experiments, that pregnancy is discernible via scent by both sexes in the cooperatively breeding banded mongoose, Mungos mungo. Males spent more time investigating and were more likely to scent mark the odours of non-pregnant females, compared to pregnant females. Females showed increased levels of scent marking when odours were of the same reproductive state as themselves. These results present the first direct demonstration that pregnancy is detectable via scent in wild cooperative breeders. Detecting pregnancy may be particularly important in cooperative breeders as, in addition to the competition between males for receptive mates, there is also intense competition between females for access to alloparental care. Consequently, dominant females benefit from targeting reproductive suppression towards subordinates that represent direct threats, such as pregnant females.
Data from: Wake up and smell the conflict: odour signals in female competition
Odour signals used in competitive and aggressive interactions between males are well studied in the context of sexual selection. By contrast, relatively little is known about comparable signals used by females, despite current interest in the evolution of female ornaments and weaponry. Available evidence suggests that odour signals are important in competitive interactions between female mammals, with reductions or reversals of male-biased sexual dimorphism in signalling where female competition is intense. Scent marking is often associated with conflict between females over access to resources or reproductive opportunities. Female scent marks may therefore provide reliable signals of competitive ability that could be used both by competitors and potential mates. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report that aggressive behaviour of female house mice is correlated with the amount of major urinary protein (MUP) excreted in their urine, a polymorphic set of proteins that are used in scent mark signalling. Under semi-natural conditions, females with high MUP output are more likely to produce offspring sired by males that have high reproductive success, and less likely to produce offspring by multiple different sires, suggesting that females with strong MUP signals are monopolized by males of particularly high quality. We conclude that odour signals are worthy of more detailed investigation as mediators of female competition.
Data from: Plant odour and sex pheromone are integral elements of specific mate recognition in an insect herbivore
Specific mate recognition relies on the chemical senses in most animals, and especially in nocturnal insects. Two signal types mediate premating olfactory communication in terrestrial habitats: sex pheromones, which blend into an atmosphere of plant odorants. We show that host plant volatiles affect the perception of sex pheromone in males of the African cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and that pheromone and plant volatiles are not perceived as independent messages. In clean air, S. littoralis males are attracted to single synthetic pheromone components or even the pheromone of a sibling species, Oriental cotton leafworm S. litura. Presence of host plant volatiles, however, reduces the male response to deficient or heterospecific pheromone signals. That plant cues enhance discrimination of sex pheromone quality confirms the idea that specific mate recognition in noctuid moths has evolved in concert with adaptation to host plants. Shifts in either female host preference or sex pheromone biosynthesis give rise to new communication channels that have the potential to initiate or contribute to reproductive isolation.
Songbird preen oil odour reflects haemosporidian parasite load
<p>Data used for Talbott et al. 2022 <em>Animal Behaviour</em> (in press; anticipated publish date in June 2022). This data set includes capture data, proportion data for preen oil volatile compounds identified and quantified by GC-MS (trace values added; see paper for details), diagnostic data (qPCR for haemosporidian parasite load, given as proportion of parasite to host DNA), and FASTA files for parasite DNA sequences (sequences isolated using 343F/496R primer set)</p>
Data from: Odourant dominance in olfactory mixture processing: what makes a strong odourant
The question of how animals process stimulus mixtures remains controversial as opposing views propose that mixtures are processed analytically, as the sum of their elements, or holistically, as unique entities different from their elements. Overshadowing is a widespread phenomenon that can help decide between these alternatives. In overshadowing, an individual trained with a binary mixture learns one element better at the expense of the other. Although element salience (learning success) has been suggested as a main explanation for overshadowing, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. We studied olfactory overshadowing in honeybees to uncover the mechanisms underlying olfactory-mixture processing. We provide, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive dataset on overshadowing to date based on 90 experimental groups involving more than 2700 bees trained either with six odourants or with their resulting 15 binary mixtures. We found that bees process olfactory mixtures analytically and that salience alone cannot predict overshadowing. After normalizing learning success, we found that an unexpected feature, the generalization profile of an odourant, was determinant for overshadowing. Odourants that induced less generalization enhanced their distinctiveness and became dominant in the mixture. Our study thus uncovers features that determine odourant dominance within olfactory mixtures and allows the referring of this phenomenon to differences in neural activity both at the receptor and the central level in the insect nervous system.
The Effects of Acute Caloric Deprivation on Odour Identification and Food Reward
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02653378. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Data from: Pregnancy is detected via odour in a wild cooperative breeder
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Data from: Men’s preferences for women’s body odours are not associated with HLA
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Data and R code from: GC-MS analysis of murine oestrous odours
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Data from: Plant odour and sex pheromone are integral elements of specific mate recognition in an insect herbivore
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Data from GCMS analysis of floral odours and pollinator visitation in Collinsia heterophylla polymorphic for floral colour
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Data from: Odourant dominance in olfactory mixture processing: what makes a strong odourant
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Data from: Wake up and smell the conflict: odour signals in female competition
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The smell of cooperation: rats increase helpful behaviour when receiving odour cues of a conspecific performing a cooperative task
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Data from: Odour cues influence predation risk at artificial bat roosts in urban bushland
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Impact of Olfactory Odour StimulatioN on Energy EXpenditure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05472168. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Ability of Octenilin® to Reduce Odour of Malodorous Wound
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04669626. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Central Processing of Odour Stimuli in Patients With Functional Somatic Disorder, MCS or Post Covid Compared to Healthy Controls
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04935307. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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