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FIGURES 2–7. Epiperipatus acacioi comb. nov. 2 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters
FIGURES 2–7. Epiperipatus acacioi comb. nov. 2. Dorsal colour pattern (photo: Ubirajara de Oliveira). 3. Ve ntral colour pattern (photo: Ubirajara de Oliveira). 4. Outer jaw blade with a single principal tooth (pt). Anterior is up, ventral is left. 5. Inner jaw blade showing single principal tooth (pt), one accessory tooth (at), and eight denticles (dt). Anterior is up, ventral is left. 6. Overview of dorsal integument and its primary (pp) and accessory papillae (ac). 7. Details of dorsal primary papilla showing basal piece (bp) and asymmetrical apical piece (ap) with sensory bristle (br). Dotted line indicates constriction separating basal and apical pieces.
FIGURE 1 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters
FIGURE 1. Ecological regions (different greyscale values) and collecting sites (numbered) in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. I: Estação Ecológica do Tripuí (Ecological station of Tripuí). II: Parque Estadual do Itacolomi (Itacolomi State Park). III: Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel Abdala (Particular Reserve of Natural Patrimony Feliciano Miguel Abdala). Source of original maps: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2003.
FIGURES 8–13 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters
FIGURES 8–13. Epiperipatus acacioi comb. nov.. 8. Dorsal primary papilla with at least six scale ranks (white dots) in basal piece (bp) and three scale ranks (black dots) in apical piece (ap). 9. Detail of apical piece (ap) of dorsal primary papilla showing sensory bristle (br). 10. Detail of constriction (cs) separating basal piece (bp) from apical piece (ap). 11. Primary papilla at level of legs with elongated basal (bp) and apical pieces (ap). 12. Detail of apical piece at level of legs, with more regular and elongated scales (sl) and well-developed sensory bristle (br). 13. Ventral foot surface with one to two bristles on each distal (sd) and proximal setiform ridge (sp).
FIGURES 26–27 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters
FIGURES 26–27. Colour pattern observed after fixation of specimens in ethanol, which resulted in loss of red pigment. 26. Epiperipatus acacioi. 27. E. machadoi.
FIGURE 5 in Two new Peripatopsis species (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from the Western Cape province, South Africa
FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micographs illustrating morphological variation in the genital area. a, P. overbergiensis sp. nov., genital area with posterior genital (pg) pads smaller (with fewer sensory spines) than anterior genital (ag) pads, b, genital area with posterior genital (pg) pads smaller (with fewer sensory spines) than anterior genital (ag) pads, c, genital area with the posterior genital (pg) pads similar in size (and with approximate number of sensory spines) as anterior genital (ag) pads.
FIGURE 4 in Two new Peripatopsis species (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from the Western Cape province, South Africa
FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micographs illustrating morphological variation in the primary dermal papillae. a, P. overbergiensis sp. nov., semicircular or dome-shaped primary dermal papillae with six scale ranks, b, P. l aw re nc e i sp. nov., conical or semicircular primary dermal papillae with five scale ranks, c, P. c a p e n s i s, semicircular or dome-shaped primary dermal papillae with nine scale ranks.
FIGURE 3 in Two new Peripatopsis species (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from the Western Cape province, South Africa
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micographs illustrating the arrangement of the primary dermal papillae. a, P. overbergiensis sp. nov., widely spaced primary dermal papillae with two intermittent accessory papillae, b, P. lawrencei sp. nov., moderately spaced primary dermal papillae with 2–3 intermittent accessory papillae, c, P. c a p e n s i s, densely spaced primary dermal papillae with 3–5 intermittent accessory papillae.
FIGURE 2 in Two new Peripatopsis species (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from the Western Cape province, South Africa
FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micographs illustrating the dorsal foot surface with ridges in: a, P. lawrencei sp. nov. and b, P. overbergiensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 1 in Two new Peripatopsis species (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from the Western Cape province, South Africa
FIGURE 1. Bayesian inference topology for the combined DNA analyses (COI + 18S rRNA) amongst 21 Peripatopsis capensis sensu lato sample sites across the Western Cape, South Africa from McDonald & Daniels (2012). Peripatopsis capensis, Clade A (red); P. overbergiensis sp. nov., Clade B (purple) and P. lawrencei sp. nov., Clade C (green). The map shows the distribution of the three clades.
FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic relationships among the Epiperipatus lineages (Onychophora: Peripatidae) from the Minas Gerais State, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Distribution of the three major Epiperipatus clades (numbered I–III and enclosed by dotted lines) in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Putative species are numbered 1 to 10. The type locality of E. machadoi is marked by a square and the two known localities of E. acacioi are indicated by triangles. MG, Minas Gerais State; RJ, Rio de Janeiro State; ES, Espírito Santo State.
FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic relationships among the Epiperipatus lineages (Onychophora: Peripatidae) from the Minas Gerais State, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Bayesian Inference (BI) topology for combined mitochondrial data sets (COI + 12S rRNA) amongst the specimens studied, with Epiperipatus biolleyi as an outgroup. Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap values are given in the following order: BI/MP/ML//NJ. Bootstrap values lower than 50% are represented by "−". Question marks indicate nodes that were not retrieved using methods other than BI.
FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic relationships among the Epiperipatus lineages (Onychophora: Peripatidae) from the Minas Gerais State, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Topographic map of the Minas Gerais State illustrating the localities of the Epiperipatus specimens sampled. The names of studied geographical regions are given according to their relative position in the map. The dotted line shows the extent of the Serra do Espinhaço, the northern part of which exceeds the Minas Gerais State border. The uppercase letters at each black dot indicate the following localities: (A) Particular Reserve of Natural Patrimony (=RPPN) Feliciano Miguel Abdala, (B) Estação Ecológica do Tripui, (C) Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, (D) Parque Nacional das Sempre-Vivas, (E) Piedade de Caratinga, (F) Santa Barbara do Leste, (G) RPPN Mata do Sossego, (H) RPPN Fazenda Macedônia, (I) Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, (J) RPPN Estação Ambiental de Peti, (K) Serra da Moeda, (L) Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, (M) Bom Jardim de Minas, (N) Serra do Cipó, and (O) Serra de Ouro Branco (see Table 1 for more details, including GPS data).
Figure 2 in Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach
Figure 2. Summary tree of parsimony and maximum likelihood molecular-only dataset. Bootstrap values for parsimony (BP), maximum likelihood (BL), and Goodman–Bremer parsimony (GB) support values are given for the most inclusive clades on the topology. Clades B, D, E and G do not show significant differences of bootstrap values. Clade F shows lower BL values. Clade F shows different topologies with parsimony and maximum likeihood. Some clades show uncertain relationships, such as clades H, I, L and U. For BL, the position of clades I and U is indicated by the red dashed clade and green dashed arrow, respectively. The 'andicoles' and 'caraïbes' groups are shown in clades E and D, respectively. For this topology, the Neotropical clades are named and coloured as: pink, Oroperipatus; pale brown, Colombia and Northern Brazil (CNB); light red, Epiperipatus edwardsii; blue, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana and Panama (CSG, with Epiperipatus vagans and their related species nested within the clade); green, Other Brazilian groups. See individual topologies in Figs S2 and S3.
Figure 1 in Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach
Figure 1. Origin of samples used in this study. Colours indicate the genera listed at the bottom of the map.
Figure 3 in Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach
Figure 3. Total evidence analysis. Cladogram of 175 terminals, using matrices from morphological and molecular data (subunits COI, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA), and analysed in POY (6715 steps). Selected examined specimens are shown for some clades. The tree is rooted with Peripatopsidae. The unambiguous synapomorphies, mapped for Peripatus solorzanoi, P. bouvieri and clades Neotropics (D + E), E and L, are the same as those shown in Supporting Information, Table S2. Morphological synapomorphies are mapped for branches and terminals. Different colours indicate separate groupings: purple, Oroperipatus; light brown, Colombia and Northern Brazil; light red, Northern Brazil and French Guiana; blue, Costa Rica and Panama; green, remaining Brazilian groups. The asterisk indicates the position of Epiperipatus edwardsii – the type
Data from: Exploring the impact of habitat size on phylogeographic patterning in the Overberg velvet worm Peripatopsis overbergiensis (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
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Supplementary material 1 from: Oliveira IS (2023) An updated world checklist of velvet worms (Onychophora) with notes on nomenclature and status of names. ZooKeys 1184: 133-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1184.107286
Number of valid species and nomina dubia currently assigned to each genus of Onychophora
Supplementary material 2 from: Oliveira IS (2023) An updated world checklist of velvet worms (Onychophora) with notes on nomenclature and status of names. ZooKeys 1184: 133-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1184.107286
Summary of all species and genera currently assigned to Onychophora
Figures 2-7 from: Costa CS, Chagas-Jr A, Pinto-da-Rocha R (2018) Redescription of Epiperipatus edwardsii, and descriptions of five new species of Epiperipatus from Brazil (Onychophora: Peripatidae). Zoologia 35: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23366
Figures 2-7 Seasonal variation of the predictive variables: (2) Mean and standard deviation of water temperature, min. 15 °C and max. 27 °C; (3) Mean and standard deviation of salinity, min. 1 PSU and max. 36 PSU; (4) Mean and standard deviation of number of dolphins, min. 0 and max. 5; (5) Frequency of occurrence% of water flow direction (ebb, flood, slack water) in the entrance channel; (6) Frequency of occurrence% of wind direction (Northerly, Southerly, Easterly); (7) Frequency of occurrence% of the fishing sector (S1, S2, S3, S4 or S5).
Figures 14-17 from: Costa CS, Chagas-Jr A, Pinto-da-Rocha R (2018) Redescription of Epiperipatus edwardsii, and descriptions of five new species of Epiperipatus from Brazil (Onychophora: Peripatidae). Zoologia 35: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e23366
Figures 14-17 Catch per unit effort (CPUE-LC%) by body size classes (10 mm) of the mullet. (14) summer, (15) autumn, (16) winter and (17) spring.
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