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1,036 results for “PALM”
Bacterial community composition of bulk soil from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) farm depend on irrigation water salinity
<p>Non-saline and saline ground water irrigation is extensively used in the arid regions of United Arab Emirates (UAE) for date palm (<em>Phoenix</em> <em>dactylifera</em>) cultivation without knowing its effect on bulk soil bacterial communities. Bulk soil acts as a supply base for microbes and nutrients that are accessed by date palm roots. We collected soil samples from date farms across UAE and performed V3-V4 16s rRNA metabarcoding analysis to understand how bulk soil bacterial diversity and communities respond to irrigation water sources (non-saline and saline groundwater irrigation). There was no significant variation in bulk bacterial diversity (Shannon diversity, richness as well as evenness). But bulk bacterial communities differed between irrigation water sources and irrigation water electrical conductivity was the significant factor that explained a part of community variation. Out of total 5089 OTUs, saline bulk soil harbored only 21.3% of total OTUs compared to 31.5% OTUs in non-saline bulk soil, while 47.15% OTUs shared between both types of irrigation. Proteobacteria abundance was higher in saline bulk soil, while Actinobacteriota abundance was enhanced in non-saline bulk soil. Similar selection was observed at genus level, wherein saline bulk soil showed increase in abundance of <em>Subgroup_10, Nitrospira </em>and<em> Mycobacterium</em>, whereas <em>Microvirga, Ammoniphilus, Nitrospira</em> and <em>Lysinibacillus </em>were elevated in non-saline bulk soil. Saline (<em>Novibacillus</em> and <em>Bauldea</em>) and non-saline bulk soil (<em>Microvirga</em>, <em>Marmoricola</em>, <em>Domibacillus</em>, <em>Oceanobacillus</em>, <em>Bhargavaea</em> and <em>Solirubrobacter</em>) showed significant selection of indicator taxa (P < 0.05). This indicate that bacterial communities colonizing bulk soil differ depending on irrigation water source and it is affected by irrigation water EC.</p>
Fig. 1 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 1. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in P-Bonpl. A. Bactris gasipaes Kunth; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl.; C. Corypha miraguama Kunth; D. Oreodoxa regia Kunth.
Fig. 4 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 4. – Illustrations associated to the palms collected by Bonpland and Humboldt. A-B. Copper engravings produced by Turpin of the growth habit (A) and the male inflorescence (B) of Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. (Plantae Aequinoctiales 1: 1. 1805) based on original sketches drawn by Humboldt on site; C-D. Illustrations of Attalea amygdalina Kunth; grisaille deposited at P-Bonpl. (C) and coloured plate (D) published in the Nova genera 1: 319. 1816.
Fig. 7 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 7. – Original descriptions of the royal Cuban Palm (Oreodoxa regia Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth). A. Entry 1276 in the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332); B. Description of the species in Nova genera 1: 305. 1816.
Fig. 3 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 3. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in European herbaria. A. Mauritia flexuosa L. f. deposited at B; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. deposited at FI; C. Corypha dulcis Kunth deposited at G; D. Corypha tectorum Kunth. deposited at M.
Fig. 6 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 6. – List of palm common names written by Bonpland in the first page of the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332). 1) "Cucurito" (Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.); 2) "Seje" (Oenocarpus sp.); 3) "Volador" (Desmoncus sp.); 4) "Pijiguao" (Bactris gasipaes Kunth); 5) "Macana" (Euterpe sp.); 6) "Palmiche" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 7) "Palma de Cobija" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 8) "Timiti" (Manicaria saccifera Gaertn.); 9) "Cocos" (Cocos nucifera L.); 10) "Corozo" (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.); 11) "Prasse" (unknown Palmae); 12) "Jagua" (Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) Wess. Boer; 13) "Moriche" (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.); 14) Piritu (Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E. Moore); 15) "Palma Real de Caracas" (Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook; 16) "Id. de Guanare" (prob. Roystonea sp.); 17) "Palma de Sombrero" (Sabal mauritiiformis (H. Karst.) Griseb. & H. Wendl.); 18) "Amac." (unknown Palmae); 19) "Alvarico" (Bactris sp); 20) "Joropa" (Palmae); 21) Tirite (Ischnosiphon arouma (Aubl.) KÖrn. Marantaceae); 22) "Chiquichiqui" (Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace); 23) "Iounouriri" (Attalea sp.).
Fig. 2 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 2. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in P. A. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl.; B. Corypha maritima Kunth; C. Corypha tectorum Kunth; D. Martinezia caryotifolia Kunth.
Fig. 5 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications
Fig. 5. – Page of the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332) of Bonpland and Humboldt compiled during their journey in Venezuela. The entry 1276 was written by Humboldt and corresponds to the collection of the royal Cuban palm Oreodoxa regia Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth (= Roystonea regia (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth) O.F. Cook).
Text-fig. 13. Macrophotographs of the fossil stems from Mhengere. a: large (90 cm diameter) palm tree trunk in situ; b: external view of the outer roots at the base of the trunk; average diameter of single root is 7 mm; c, d: cross-sections of a fragment of trunk showing the random distribution of equal-sized fibre vascular bundles throughout the trunk, the so-called Coccos-type. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 13. Macrophotographs of the fossil stems from Mhengere. a: large (90 cm diameter) palm tree trunk in situ; b: external view of the outer roots at the base of the trunk; average diameter of single root is 7 mm; c, d: cross-sections of a fragment of trunk showing the random distribution of equal-sized fibre vascular bundles throughout the trunk, the so-called Coccos-type.
Supporting code and data to reproduce analysis for: Genomic signatures of past megafrugivore-mediated dispersal in Malagasy palms
<p>Seed dispersal affects gene flow and hence genetic differentiation of plant populations. During the Late Quaternary, most fruit-eating and seed-dispersing megafauna went extinct, but whether these animals have left signatures in the population genetics of their food plants, particularly those with large, 'megafaunal' fruits (i.e., > 4 cm – megafruits), remains unclear.</p> <p>Here, we assessed the population history, genetic differentiation, and recent migration among populations of four animal-dispersed palm (Arecaceae) species with large (<em>Borassus madagascariensis</em>), medium-sized (<em>Hyphaene coriacea,</em> <em>Bismarckia nobilis</em>), and small (<em>Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis</em>) fruits on Madagascar. We integrated double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) of 167 individuals from 25 populations with (past) distribution ranges for extinct and extant seed-dispersing animals (e.g., giant lemurs, elephant birds), landscape and human impact data, and applied linear mixed-effects models to explore the drivers of genetic variation in Malagasy palms.</p> <p>Palm populations that shared more megafrugivore species in the past had lower genetic differentiation than populations that shared fewer megafrugivore species. This suggests that megafrugivore-mediated seed dispersal in the past may have led to frequent gene flow among populations. In comparison, extant frugivore diversity only decreased genetic differentiation in the small-fruited palm. Furthermore, genetic differentiation decreased with landscape connectivity (i.e., environmental suitability, forest cover and river density), and human impact (i.e., road density) has decreased genetic differentiation among populations.</p> <p><em>Synthesis: </em>Our results suggest that the legacy of megafrugivores regularly achieving long dispersal distances is still reflected in the population genetics of palms that were formerly dispersed by such animals. Furthermore, low genetic differentiation was possibly maintained after the megafauna extinctions through alternative dispersal (e.g., human- or river-mediated), long generation times, and long lifespans of these megafruit palms. Our study illustrates how species interactions that happened >1000 years ago can leave imprints in population genetics.</p>
Figure 1 in Ten years from propagule to mature plant of Butia purpurascens Glassman (Arecaceae): an endemic and endangered palm of the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 1. General view of Butia purpurascens population in southwest Goiás, with its leaves extracted (relived crown). In the foreground, some plants with inflorescence and immature infrutescences. In the background, the clearing of natural areas of Cerrado for agricultural use (A). Detail of individuals without extracted leaves. Note the large size (about 6-7 m heigth) of some individuals (B). Photos are from the authors.
Figure 2 in Ten years from propagule to mature plant of Butia purpurascens Glassman (Arecaceae): an endemic and endangered palm of the Brazilian Cerrado
Figure 2. Details of fruits, pyrenes and seedling of Butia purpurascens. Mature fruits (A); stem primordium (B); predate pyrenes (C) and seedling showing root primordium (D). Credit to James Dean L. Rocha for Foto C. Other photos are from the authors.
Fig. 2 in Dynamis borassi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a new potential pest to the palms (Arecaceae): an early warning for the palm producers
Fig. 2. Variable area transects used in the evaluation of the peach palm infestation by Dynamis borassi and Rhynchophorus palmarum in 33 production sites in Colombia. The size of each sampling rectangle is determined for the number of affected palms, as illustrated.
Fig. 4 in Dynamis borassi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a new potential pest to the palms (Arecaceae): an early warning for the palm producers
Fig. 4. Precipitation, weevil abundance, and mean of damaged inflorescences between Sep 2018 and Oct 2019. The precipitations (top panel) corresponding to mean daily rainfall (circle) and proportion of d with rain (triangles) were documented for Bajo Calima (solid line) and Sabaletas (dashed line). The abundance was represented with whiskers diagram for Dynamis borassi (white boxes) and Rhynchophorus palmarum (gray boxes). The asterisks are outliers. The damaged inflorescences were reported with rhombus.
Fig. 3 in Dynamis borassi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a new potential pest to the palms (Arecaceae): an early warning for the palm producers
Fig. 3. Types of damages of weevil-damaged peach palms in 32 localities of Colombia. Inflorescence with perforation (arrow), circular hole at the insertion points and weevil larva inside (squares) (a); external view of trunk perforated by larvae, with round perforation exactly at the spot where the inflorescence is attached to the stem (arrow) (b); internal feeding galleries with larvae (arrow) (c); toppled crown (d); percent of affected palms by locality (e).
Figure S1 in First report of Rhabditis (Rhabditella) axei with the invasive palm borer Paysandisia archon
Figure S1: Bayesian trees of the genus Rhabditis based on A) SSU and B) LSU gene fragments. Accession numbers of sequences were reported in brackets and posterior probability was annotated near the branches. The strains isolated during this work were highlighted in red.
Figure 1 in First report of Rhabditis (Rhabditella) axei with the invasive palm borer Paysandisia archon
Figure 1: Rhabditis axei: (A) male, entire body; (B) head region at SEM; (C) pharyngeal region; (D) vulva; (E) eggs at mid-body; (F) spicules and gubernaculum; (G) spicules at SEM.
Figure 5 in A NEW RUPICOLOUS PALM FROM THE CAMPOS RUPESTRES, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
Figure 5. Examples of diverse threats in the vicinity of the Serra do Cabral State Park: A, large-scale fire; B, plantation of Pinus sp. (black arrow) – the white circle shows a rare species of Cactaceae on a small rocky outcrop (Ro); C, plantation of Eucalyptus sp. (white arrow) near a rocky outcrop (Ro); D, plantation of Mangifera indica near a rocky outcrop (Ro); E, electrical poles recently installed; F, houses; G, gravel mining; H, charcoal plant. Photographs: B. F. Sant'Anna-Santos.
Figure 3. Syagrus aristeae B.F in A NEW RUPICOLOUS PALM FROM THE CAMPOS RUPESTRES, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
Figure 3. Syagrus aristeae B.F.Sant'Anna-Santos, sp. nov. A, Habitat photograph of the type locality in the Serra do Cabral State Park: individual flowering (white circle); B, branched inflorescence; C, detail of branched inflorescence: floral visitor on the peduncular bract (PB); D, rachillae with pre-anthesis flowers stored in ethyl alcohol: triads (a central pistillate flower flanked by two staminate flowers) on the lower portion of the rachilla (black line) and isolated staminate flower occupying the upper half of the rachilla (blue line); E, deeply grooved peduncular bract (PB); F, prophyll (Pr); G, unbranched inflorescence; H, fruits (Fr): epicarp covered with crackled plates. Photographs: B. F. Sant'Anna-Santos.
Figure 1. Syagrus aristeae B.F in A NEW RUPICOLOUS PALM FROM THE CAMPOS RUPESTRES, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL
Figure 1. Syagrus aristeae B.F.Sant'Anna-Santos, sp. nov. A, Solitary habit; B, asymmetrical tip; C, unbranched inflorescence; D, branched inflorescence. E–J, staminate flower: E, staminate flower, opened; F, detail of calyx; G and H, petals; I, dorsal view of stamens; J, ventral view of stamens and pistillode. K–S, pistillate flower: K, pistillate flower (front view); L–N, sepals; O–Q, petals; R, pistil; S, staminodal ring. T, Stigma; U, three endocarp pores; V, four endocarp pores. Drawn from the holotype, Sant'Anna-Santos 388 (DIAM), by G. Surlo.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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