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57 results for “Pachycondyla”
FIGURES 61–63 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 61–63. Worker caste of Pachycondyla tahary: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head, holotype CASENT0162668.
FIGURES 4–5 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 4–5. Petiole and gaster in dorsal view; Fig. 4: posterior surface of petiole with abundant pubescence and anterior face of first gastral segment forming shallow cavity (CASENT0195184); Fig. 5: abundant pubescence absent on posterior surface of petiole and anterior face of first gastral segment straight without shallow cavity (CASENT0231239).
FIGURES 2–3 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 2–3. Shape of the clypeus with head in full-face view; Fig. 2: anterior margin widely transverse and straight with feeble median notch (CASENT0497667); Fig. 3: anterior margin medially convex or bluntly angulate (CASENT0050524).
FIGURE 1 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURE 1. Lateral view of the head showing the lateral circular pit near the base of the mandible (CASENT0497667).
FIGURES 20–21 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 20–21. Petiole in dorsal view; Fig. 20: node approximately twice broader than long (CASENT0043301); Fig. 21: node nearly as broad as long (CASENT0045619: holotype).
FIGURES 10–11 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 10–11. Form of petiole in profile; Fig. 10: anteroposteriorly flattened (CASENT0034340); Fig. 11: nodiform about as long as broad (CASENT0497202).
FIGURES 49–51 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 49–51. Worker caste of Pachycondyla mialy: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head, holotype CASENT0497667.
FIGURES 76–81 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 76–81. Distribution maps of the P. sikorae species-group in Madagascar. Fig. 76: P. m i a l y (triangle) and P. n o s y (circle); Fig. 77: P. ro v a n a; Fig. 78: P. sikorae; Fig. 79: P. t a h a r y; Fig. 80: P. vohitravo; Fig. 81: P. z o ro.
FIGURES 70–75 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 70–75. Distribution maps of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group in Madagascar. Fig. 70: P. agnivo; Fig. 71: P. antsiraka; Fig. 72: P. daraina; Fig. 73: P. g o ro g o t a; Fig. 74: P. haratsingy (circle) and P. i v o l o (triangle); Fig. 75: P. maeva.
FIGURES 26–27 in Revision of the Pachycondyla sikorae species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar
FIGURES 26–27. Mesosoma in lateral view; Fig. 26: mesopleural suture distinctly continuous and narrowly impressed (CASENT0317590); Fig. 27: mesopleural suture indistinct (CASENT0162668: holotype).
Figure 2 in Prey choice and raiding behaviour of the Ponerine ant Pachycondyla analis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 2. Mean numbers (±SE) of ants going on raids, carrying termites and termites carried in morning and evening raids at Mpala. White bars = morning, grey bars = evening.
Figure 1 in Prey choice and raiding behaviour of the Ponerine ant Pachycondyla analis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 1. Mean numbers (±SE) of ants in a raiding group, number of termites carried and ratio of ants carrying termites.
Data from: Family based guilds in the ant Pachycondyla inversa
High relatedness promotes the evolution of sociality because potentially costly cooperative behaviours are directed towards kin. However, societies, such as those of social insects, also benefit from genetic diversity, e.g. through enhanced disease resistance and division of labour. Effects of genetic diversity have been investigated in a few complex eusocial species. Here, we show that genetically based division of labour may also be important in 'simple societies', with fewer individuals and limited morphological caste differentiation. The ponerine ant Pachycondyla inversa has small colonies, headed by several unrelated queens. We show that nest-mate workers from different matrilines engage in different tasks, have distinct chemical profiles and associate preferentially with kin in the nest, while queens and brood stay together. This suggests that genetically based division of labour may precede the evolution of complex eusociality and facilitate the existence of low relatedness societies functioning as associations of distinct families that mutually benefit from group living.
FIGURE 3 in On the evolution of the species complex Pachycondyla chinensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae), including the origin of its invasive form and description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Bivariate plots of PW by HW measurements (mm) of P. nakasujii and P. chinensis.
Data from: Family based guilds in the ant Pachycondyla inversa
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Figure 3 in Prey choice and raiding behaviour of the Ponerine ant Pachycondyla analis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 3. Total duration of raids, outward journey, time spent at termite colonies, return journey from raids for (A) morning and (B) evening raids for the two termite genera preyed upon by Pachycondyla analis at Mpala. Circles represent outliers, squares represents the median, middle lines represent the mean, while lower and upper lines represents the first and third quartiles, respectively.
Figure 4 in Prey choice and raiding behaviour of the Ponerine ant Pachycondyla analis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 4. Monthly predation rates by Pachycondyla analis based on termite genera prey captures. White bars represents predation rates on Microtermes and black bars represent predation rates on Odontotermes. ∗ P <0.05 and ∗∗P <0.01.
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