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Fig. 7 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids

Fig. 7. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) performed on parasite abundances as a function of presence-absence of prey types and fish length in a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout (Cre. = Crepidostomum spp., Cya. = Cyatocephalus truncatus, Eub.s. = Eubothrium salvelini, Eub.c. = Eubothrium crassum, Pro. = Proteocephalus sp., Dib. = Dibothriocephalus spp.).

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Fig. 5 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids

Fig. 5. Differences in parasite community composition between Arctic charr and brown trout using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot on Bray-Curtis distances, including 95% confidence interval ellipses. NMDS converged on a three-dimensional solution with an acceptable stress level.

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Fig. 3 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids

Fig. 3. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Arctic charr (black) and brown trout (grey) throughout their ontogenesis with 95% confidence intervals.

Fig. 2 in Neglected parasite reservoirs in wetlands: Prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidians in waterbird communities in Northeast China

Fig. 2. Diversity (a) and frequency (b) of haemosporidian parasite lineages obtained from waterbirds in Tumuji, China. Sankey diagrams of the correlation between waterbirds (left, sorted by order) and identified haemosporidian lineages (right). The width of the lines indicates proportion to the infection recordings in waterbirds, and the colour of the lines indicates the range of the lineage size. The numbers represent infection cases. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Neglected parasite reservoirs in wetlands: Prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidians in waterbird communities in Northeast China

Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of 479 bp haemosporidian cyt b lineages from waterbirds in Tumuji, China, with Hepatocystis sp. as an outgroup, and several morpho-species were included for a higher resolution of phylogenetic patterns. Posterior probabilities higher than 0.90 are shown by the node. Lineages that were previously recorded and detected in this study are marked in bold. Major monophyletic clades with high support are labelled behind the line (Leucocytozoon: L1-L5; Haemoproteus: H1–H3).

Fig. 1 in Neglected parasite reservoirs in wetlands: Prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidians in waterbird communities in Northeast China

Fig. 1. Heatmap of the apparent prevalence of waterbird species in the Tumuji National Nature Reserve. Presenting infected waterbird species (left, sorted by order) with prevalence (indicated by colour gradient, scale from 0 to 1). The sample size is shown in parentheses.

Fig. 4 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration

Fig. 4. Differences by foraging guild among infected birds in the probability of Haemoproteus versus Plasmodium infection adjusted for the significant predictors in the model. Single asterisks with brackets beneath denote significant differences between categories.

Fig. 3 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration

Fig. 3. Differences by wintering ground among infected birds in the probability of Haemoproteus versus Plasmodium infection adjusted for the significant predictors in the model. Single asterisks with brackets beneath denote significant differences between categories.

Fig. 2 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration

Fig. 2. Differences by avian family in the probabilities of a) infection versus non-infection with a Haemosporidian parasite and b) among infected birds, the Plasmodium versus Haemoproteus infection adjusted for the significant predictors in the respective models. Single asterisks with brackets beneath denote significant differences between families.

Fig. 1 in Characterization of the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus parasite community in temperate-tropical birds during spring migration

Fig. 1. Location of field site in Clive Runnells Family Mad Island Marsh Preserve in Texas, USA (Image credit: Google Earth).

Fig. 2. A in Macro-parasites and micro-parasites co-exist in rodent communities but are associated with different community-level parameters

Fig. 2. A histogram of the counts of individual rodents that were uninfected or infected with B. burgdorferi sensu lato with certain macro-parasite infections. The types of infection were: no tick or helminth burden on an individual rodent (No macro-parasite), helminth burden only (Helminth Only), tick burden only (Tick Only), or both ticks and helminths were found on individual rodent (Tick & Helminth). The colors denote for N. fuscipes (blue) and Peromyscus species (yellow). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in "Till death do us apart": The common destiny of brown hare and its parasite community

Fig. 3. Histological section of lungs of hares infected by Protostrongylus spp. A. Interstitial verminous bronchopneumonia with several cross and longitudinal sections of larvae on the right and the bottom of the photo. Bronchial and alveolar septa are thickened due to inflammatory cellular reaction (eosinophil granulocytes and mononuclear cells). A lymphoid nodule is visible on the left side. H&E, Bar = 100 μm. B. Interstitial verminous bronchopneumonia with scattered cross sections of adult parasites, five of them in the centre of the photo. H&E, Bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 1. A in Macro-parasites and micro-parasites co-exist in rodent communities but are associated with different community-level parameters

Fig. 1. A boxplot of the mean macro-parasite burden across N. fuscipes and Peromyscus species. The log of helminth (left panel) and tick (right panel) counts on individual rodents were used for visualization purposes.

Fig. 2 in "Till death do us apart": The common destiny of brown hare and its parasite community

Fig. 2. Normal (up) and abnormal (bottom) T. retortaeformis male genital cone. In the abnormal nematode no spicula are present notwithstanding the perfectly developed gubernaculum (partially covered by the two spicules in the upper photo) and caudal bursa. Bar is 50 μm.

Fig. 7 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 7. Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (nMDS) scatter plot explaining the diversity and abundance of the parasite infracommunities of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE) in South Africa. The ordination illustrates the similarity between parasite infracommunities, with a Pearson's correlation vector overlay showing parasitic taxa with a correlation>0.1. Similarity levels (15, 30) were selected based on the hierarchical cluster analyses (Resemblance = 50) of Bray Curtis coefficients.

Fig. 6 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 6. Parasite infracommunity composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE). A – abundance (N); B – species richness (S); C – Brillouin's diversity index (DB); D – Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′); E – Simpson diversity index (D) and F – Pielou's evenness index (J′). The mean and 95% confidence interval of each index is presented. Significant differences are considered as p <0.05 and denoted with an asterisk (*) in a table for each index.

Fig. 5 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of A – Paracamallanus sp. and Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900, B – dorsal view and C – ventral view. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 1000 μm (A, B).

Fig. 4 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1831 (A – D) from the intestine and Tylodelphys mashonensis Beverley-Burton, 1963 (E – H) from the cranial cavity of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. White arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Abbreviations: Gp – genital pore, OS – oral sucker, Ph – pharynx, Ps – pseudosuckers, Vs – ventral sucker. Scale bars: 50 μm (F–H); 100 μm (B–D, E); 500 μm (A).

Fig. 2 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 2. Map depicting the distribution of A. the Asian tapeworm, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) and B. the branchiuran fish lice, Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900 from freshwater fishes in South Africa. Dark grey shading indicates provinces where freshwater fish parasitological research has been conducted more frequently.

Fig. 3 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Monogenea found from the gills of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. A, B – Quadriacanthus aegypticus ElNaggar et Serag, 1985; C, D – Quadriacanthus allobychowskiella Paperna, 1979; E, F – Quadriacanthus clariadis Paperna, 1961; G, H – Quadriacanthus fornicatus Francov´a et ˇRehulkov´a, 2017; I – Quadriacanthus pravus Francov´a et ˇRehulkova´, 2017. Black arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Hamuli (A, C, E, G, I); male copulatory organ with accessory piece (B, D, F, H). Scale bars: 10 μm (B, D, F, H); 20 μm (I); 25 μm (A, C, E, G).