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opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Evaluating the efficacy of drone-based thermal images for measuring wildlife abundance and physiology

Monitoring the population dynamics and behaviors of wildlife is crucial for effective conservation. Although drones can provide a promising alternative to traditional monitoring methods, validation studies must be done to quantify the accuracy of drone-based abundance and distribution estimates in various biological systems. Here, we investigate the use of drones equipped with high-resolution Red-Green-Blue (RGB) and thermal cameras, along with machine learning techniques, for assessments of abundance and physiology in northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Aerial images of N=3,415 northern elephant seals were collected at Año Nuevo Reserve during N=24 drone flights, along with ambient air temperatures, wind speed, and time-of-day data. The two-dimensional footprints and surface temperatures of seals were measured from the images. Machine learning algorithms were applied to detect seals in the imagery, and model performance was evaluated. Our findings indicate that seal detection was more accurate using RGB images compared to Thermal images, but that Thermal images could be used to determine that time of day and ambient temperature (but not wind speed or body size) strongly influenced seal external skin temperature. In other words, RGB and Thermal cameras have different strengths and weaknesses that should be carefully considered when designing research studies. Our study highlights the promising integration of drones, thermal imaging, and machine learning for wildlife research, contributing to faster, safer, cheaper, less disruptive, and more accurate wildlife monitoring and conservation efforts.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Data from: Physiological mortality rates of planktonic ciliates

Contrasting physiological mortality with predator-induced mortality is of tremendous importance for the population dynamics of many organisms but is difficult to assess. I performed a meta-analysis using planktonic ciliates as model organisms to estimate the maximum physiological mortality rates (δmax) across pelagic ecosystems in relation to environmental and biotic factors. Data were compiled from published numerical response (NR) experiments and experimentally determined rates of decline (ROD). Variables reported are ciliate species and order, ciliate specific growth rates (rmax), prey species, temperature, habitat (marine vs freshwater), the coefficients of the numerical response experiments, and reported or calculated ciliate mortality rates. The median δmax of planktonic ciliates was 0.62 d−1 and did not differ between marine and freshwater species. Maximum ciliate mortality rates were species-specific and affected by their rmax, cell volume, and ability to encyst. Cyst-forming species had, on average, higher δmax than species unable to encyst. Maximum mortality rates of ciliates were positively related to rmax but appeared unaffected by temperature. I conclude that (i) in the ocean, physiological mortality is more critical for controlling ciliate population size than ciliate losses imposed by microcrustacean predation, but (ii) in many lakes, the opposite holds; (iii) cyst-formation is an effective ciliate trait to cope with the high mortality of motile cells upon starvation. The lack of a temperature effect on δmax deserves further study; if correct, planktonic ciliates may take advantage of rising ocean and lake temperatures, with important implications for the pelagic food web.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

The AFFECT-HRI data set: physiological data for affective computing in human-robot interaction with anthropomorphic service robots

We provide a comprehensive data set AFFECT-HRI containing physiological data labeled with human affect (i.e., mood and emotion) gathered during an empirical study consisting of a complex human-robot interaction (HRI). A realistic retail scenario served as an experimental environment. In prior research, we showed the necessity to combine the expertise of the research fields of psychology, computer science, and law in the design of a responsible human-centered HRI. Therefore, we implemented five conditions (neutral, transparency, liability, moral, and immoral) covering the perspectives from these three research fields and used two different anthropomorphic service robots. Our study followed a multi-method approach, resulting in a data set containing and combining objective physiological sensor data with subjective human-affect assessments. Additionally, the data set includes insights from 146 participants regarding affect, demographics, and socio-technical questionnaire ratings, as well as robot gestures and robot speech. Our study can be split into three scenes: a consultation regarding products, a request for sensitive personal information while opening a customer account, and a successful or failing handover when buying a mold remover. Thus, this data set offers for the first time the possibility to prove established or develop new emotion recognition methods and technological capabilities for HRI. Further, our data set provides the possibility to combine affective computing with research about robot behavior (gestures, speech, and handover), liability (questionnaire), transparency (questionnaire), and psychological aspects, allowing an encompassing, human-centered view of HRI. The detailed data descriptor has been published in Nature Scientific Data. For more details on the data set, please check the paper below. Please cite the following paper if the dataset is used in a publication: Heinisch, J.S., Kirchhoff, J., Busch, P. et al. Physiological data for affective computing in HRI with anthropomorphic service robots: the AFFECT-HRI data set. Sci Data 11, 333 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03128-z Acknowledgements This research was conducted as part of RoboTrust, a project of the Centre Responsible Digitality, supported by the Hessian Minister for Digital Strategy and Innovation. The authors would like to thank all participants for their participation in the study. We particularly want to thank Ruth Stock-Homburg for her support and for making Elenoide available. Further, we want to thank Mona Kegel, Vignesh Prasad, and all the research assistants who supported the study. We also thank the leap in time lab for serving as study location. A special thanks goes to Amer Altizini, who supported us by helping to prepare the data for publication. We want to thank Niklas Jungermann for his valuable comments on the statistical evaluation.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

DailySense: a Daily Self-reports and Physiological Signals Sensing Dataset for Subjective Health Research in the Wild

Description: This is a daily self-reports and physiological signals sensing dataset for subjective health research in the wild (DailySense). This is a dataset from a consecutive 14-day experiment in real-life settings composed of smartphone-based subjective psychological evaluation and physiological sensing. A Total of 36 healthy Japanese adult remote workers (mean±SD, 35.8±7.5; range, 27–58 years; 21 male and 15 female participants) participated in the experiment through two terms (1st term [1], 18 participants from a Japanese company without rewards; 2nd term, 18 participants from a participant's pool with rewards). The study protocol was approved by the internal review board of Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment in this study. The permission to share the raw data with participants' anonymization was included in this approval and explicitly obtained in that informed consent. This dataset contains the following data:  - pre- and post-term data of     - responses to self-reporting questionnaires (i.e., the Japanese versions of NEO-FFI, STAI, CES-D, CFS, PSQI, WHO-QOL, and SF-36v2©).     - demographics     - survey regarding this experiment - mid-term data of     - responses to emotional self-reports (i.e., Affective Slider and I-PANAS-SF) and their behavior in ESM 6 times/day at maximum     - responses to subjective health (i.e., degree of fatigue, stress, anxiety, depression, and sleeplessness), wake-up/in-bed times, and work style 1time/day     - continuously monitored physiological data (i.e., EDA, PPG, Acc) and event tags obtained by a wristband sensor (E4 wristband, Empatica Inc.) during their waking hours     - response profile data estimated using the proposed method     - log data of an experience sampling support system (exkuma, Japan Experience Sampling Method Association) Details of data are mentioned in an xlsx file of the root directory. Due to the limitation of questionnaires, descriptions of original instructions of items in each questionnaire are omitted. The details of the experiment are described in [1][2]. Note that, in [1], participant #29 was excluded due to insufficient physiological data quality. In addition, in [2], participant #47 was excluded since he did not complete a personality questionnaire, but #29 was included since he completed responses to all the questionnaires.   License: This dataset is made available by Hitachi, Ltd. under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.   References: If you use this dataset, please cite the following papers: [1] Shunsuke Minusa, Chihiro Yoshimura, and Hiroyuki Mizuno "Emodiversity evaluation of remote workers through health monitoring based on intra-day emotion sampling," Front. Public Heal., vol. 11, no. August, pp. 1–12, 2023, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196539" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196539</a> [2] Shunsuke Minusa, Tadayuki Matsumura, Kanako Esaki, Yang Shao, Chihiro Yoshimura, and Hiroyuki Mizuno, "Response Style Characterization for Repeated Measures Using the Visual Analogue Scale," arXiv preprint <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.10136" target="_blank" rel="noopener">arXiv:2403.10136</a>, 2024.   Contact: If there is any problem, please contact us: <ul> <li>Shunsuke Minusa, <a href="mailto:shunsuke.minusa.hd@hitachi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">shunsuke.minusa.hd@hitachi.com</a></li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Fig. 1 in Protease inhibitors of fodder plants as a factor of immune response influencing the physiological state of the potato ladybird beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Fig. 1. Analysis of the population of the potato ladybird beetle with the species-specific PCR-markers of the gene COI mtDNA. А – species-specific marker for H. vigintioctopunctata, 400 b.p.; Б – species-specific marker for H. vigintioctomaculata, 406 b.p.; М – marker of the lengths of fragments 100 b.p. ladder; 1–3 – Primorsky krai: Chuguevsky district; 4–6 – Amurskaya oblast; 7–17 – Primorsky krai: Timiryazevsky.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Fig. 3 in Protease inhibitors of fodder plants as a factor of immune response influencing the physiological state of the potato ladybird beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Fig. 3. Sinergetic activity of the protainases of trypsin type (in an insect) and trypsin inhibitors (in a plant) in the course of feeding on different potato varieties.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Whole-body physiology model to simulate respiratory depression of fentanyl and associated naloxone reversal

Opioid use in the United States and abroad is an endemic part of society with yearly increases in overdose rates and deaths. As rates of overdose incidence increase, the use of the safe and effective reversal agent, naloxone, in the form of a nasal rescue spray is being fielded and used by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) at a greater and greater rate. Despite advances in the deployment of these rescue products, deaths are continuing to increase. There is evidence that repeated dosing of a naloxone nasal spray (such as Narcan) is becoming more common due to the amount and type of opiate being administered. Despite the benefits of naloxone related to opioid reversals, we lack repeated dosing guidelines as a function of opiates and the amount the patient has taken. Goal-directed rescue dosing, where respiratory markers such as oxygen saturation or end-tidal carbon dioxide, are being used as an indication of the patient's recovery. These rescue methods require time, training, and understanding by the EMT to administer with most patients receiving naloxone doses with no follow-up or additional monitoring. To measure repeat dosing guidelines, we construct a whole-body model of the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of an opiate, fentanyl on respiratory depression. We then construct a model of nasal deposition and administration of naloxone to investigate repeat dosing requirements for large overdose scenarios. We demonstrate that naloxone is highly effective at reversing the respiratory symptoms of the patient and recommend dosing requirements as a function of the fentanyl amount administered. By designing the model to include circulation and respiration we investigate physiological markers that may be used in goal-directed therapy rescue treatments.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Supplementary datasets, data analysis code, and R tutorials for: Phylogenetic analysis of adaptation in comparative physiology and biomechanics: overview and a case study of thermal physiology in treefrogs

Comparative phylogenetic studies of adaptation are uncommon in biomechanics and physiology. Such studies require collecting data from many species, a challenge when data collection is experimentally intensive. Moreover, researchers struggle to employ the most biologically appropriate phylogenetic tools for identifying adaptive evolution. Here, we detail an established but greatly underutilized phylogenetic comparative framework—the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process—that explicitly models long-term adaptation. We discuss challenges in implementing and interpreting the model, and we outline potential solutions. We demonstrate use of the model through studying the evolution of thermal physiology in treefrogs. Frogs of the family Hylidae have twice colonized the temperate zone from the tropics, and such colonization likely involved a fundamental change in physiology due to colder and more seasonal temperatures. However, which traits changed to allow colonization is unclear. We measured cold-temperature tolerance and characterized thermal performance curves in jumping for twelve species of treefrogs distributed from the Neotropics to temperate North America. We then conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to examine how tolerances and performance curves evolved and to test whether that evolution was adaptive. We found that tolerance to low temperatures increased with the transition to the temperate zone. In contrast, jumping well at colder temperatures was unrelated to biogeography and thus did not adapt during dispersal. Overall, our paper shows how comparative phylogenetic methods can be leveraged in biomechanics and physiology to test the evolutionary drivers of variation among species.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Affective, physiological, and attention restoration at a wooden desk: A pilot study (Datasets and R analysis code)

This entry contains datasets and R processing and analysis code for the article Affective, physiological, and attention restoration at a wooden desk: A pilot study. The analysis primarily investigates how people respond to the Mental Arithmetic Task (MAT) in terms of their affective states and physiological arousal, and how their cognitive performance changes between two task administrations. The analysis also checks whether affective, physiological, and cognitive responses differ between settings furnished with or without wood. We base our analysis on self-reported affective states, captured physiological (electrodermal and cardiovascular) activity, and results on the cognitive task (i.e., MAT).

FIG. 3 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology

FIG. 3. — Classical sections of ichthyosaur vertebral centra illustrating the intraspecific size variation (interpolated as possible ontogenetic variation): A-D, Stenopterygius sp.; A, B, juvenile vertebra SMNS uncat.; C, D, adult vertebra SMNS uncat.; E-H, Ichthyosauria new taxon A, Middle Triassic, Nevada, LACM 8031; E, F, fetal vertebra LACM DI 158109; G, H, adult vertebra DI 158109; A, C, E, G, transverse (and half-transverse) sections; B, D, F, H, sagittal sections. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 2 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology

FIG. 2. — Virtual (A, B) and classical (C-G) sections of ichthyosaur vertebral centra illustrating the microanatomical types 1 (A-E) and 2 (F, G): A, B, Grippioidea indet., Lower Triassic, Russia, NSM PV 23854; C, D, Grippioidea indet., Middle Triassic, Nevada, LACM uncat. Nevada; D, E, Mixosaurus sp. PIMUZ T 2004; F, Temnodontosaurus sp. half transverse section; G, Eurhinosaurus sp. SMNS 50913 sagittal section; A, C, F, transverse sections; B, D, E, G, sagittal (and half mid-sagittal) sections. Abbreviations: GC, growth center; ET, endochondral territory; PT, periosteal territory. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 5 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology

FIG. 5. — Histological features of ichthyosaur vertebrae: A, Stenopterygius sp. SMNS uncat. Longitudinal section. Numerous Sharpey's fibers at the limit between the periosteal (left) and endochondral (right) territories in PL with gypsum filter; pointed by arrows; B, C, Temnodontosaurus sp. SMNS uncat. parasagittal section showing the compact deposits of parallel-fibered bone (blue) in the outer core of the vertebra and secondary bone (red) in its inner core in PL with gypsum filter (B) and NL (C); D, Temnodontosaurus sp. SMNS uncat. Transverse section showing on the right the layer of rather compact parallel-fibered bone lining the centrum core (NC, notochordal canal), whereas the rest of the centrum is spongious (left) in NL. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, D, 1 mm; C, 500 µm.

FIG. 1 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology

FIG. 1. — Consensus phylogenetic tree of Ichthyopterygia including (in bold) the taxa sampled for this study; modified from Ji et al. (2016); with associated silhouettes (from McGowan & Motani 2003) and label of the microanatomical type encountered.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Morphological and physiological characteristics of cassava genotypes on dry-land of ultisol soil in Indonesia

This data showed the characterization of morphological and physiological characters of some cassava genotypes in Indonesia that were collected from some areas in Indonesia and now, planting in the IPB Germplasm Farm Collection at Bogor Regency, Indonesia. We have more than 50 genotypes collections.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Physiological signals during activities for daily life: Dataset

The dataset used in this work is composed by four participants, two men and two women. Each of them carried the wearable device Empatica E4 for a total number of 15 days. They carried the wearable during the day, and during the nights we asked participants to charge and load the data into an external memory unit. During these days, participants were asked to answer EMA questionnaires which are used to label our data. However, some participants could not complete the full experiment or some days were discarded due to data corruption. Specific demographic information, total sampling days and total number of EMA answers can be found in table I.   <table align="center"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col"> </th> <th scope="col">Participant 1</th> <th scope="col">Participant 2</th> <th scope="col">Participant 3</th> <th scope="col">Participant 4</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Age</td> <td>67</td> <td>55</td> <td>60</td> <td>63</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gender</td> <td>Male</td> <td>Female</td> <td>Male</td> <td>Female</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Final Valid Days </td> <td>9</td> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td>13</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Total EMAs</td> <td>42</td> <td>57</td> <td>64</td> <td>46</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>                                              Table I. Summary of participants' collected data.   This dataset provides three different type of labels. Activeness and happiness are two of these labels. These are the answers to EMA questionnaires that participants reported during their daily activities. These labels are numbers between 0 and 4. These labels are used to interpolate the mental well-being state according to [1] We report in our dataset a total number of eight emotional states: (1) pleasure, (2) excitement, (3) arousal, (4) distress, (5) misery, (6) depression, (7) sleepiness, and (8) contentment. The data we provide in this repository consist of two type of files: <ul> <li>CSV files: These files contain physiological signals recorded during the data collection process. The first line of each CSV file defines the timestamp by which data started being sampled. The second line defines the sampling frequency used for gathering the signal. From the third line until the end of the file, one can find sampled datapoints.   </li> <li>Excel files: These files contain the labels obtained from EMA answers. It is indicated the timestamp at which the answer was registered. Labels for pleasure, activeness and mood can be found in this file. </li> </ul> NOTE: Files are numbered according to each specific sampling day. For example, ACC1.csv corresponds to the signal ACC for sampling day 1. The same applied to excel files.   Code and a tutorial of how to labelled and extract features can be found in this repository: <a href="https://github.com/edugm94/temporal-feat-emotion-prediction">https://github.com/edugm94/temporal-feat-emotion-prediction</a>   References: [1] . A. Russell, “A circumplex model of affect,” Journal of personality and social psychology, vol. 39, no. 6, p. 1161, 1980

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Data from: Divergent physiological acclimation responses to warming between two co-occurring salamander species and implications for terrestrial survival

Small differences in physiological responses are known to influence demographic rates such as survival. We tested for differences in the physiological acclimation responses of two closely-related salamander species that often co-occur, Ambystoma maculatum and A. opacum. Specifically, we measured changes in critical thermal maxima (CTmax), standard metabolic rates (SMRs), and respiratory surface area water loss (RSAWL) following exposure to three temperature treatments under laboratory conditions. While the magnitude of RSAWL and CTmax acclimation responses to warming did not differ between the study species, SMR was maintained across acclimation temperatures among A. maculatum, but declined among A. opacum acclimated to warmer temperatures. Metabolic compensation may facilitate maintained A. maculatum activity levels during warm periods following the relatively cool spring breeding season. In contrast, metabolic suppression may allow A. opacum to conserve energy when exposed to surface conditions during fall breeding and nest guarding. We simulated how these different SMR responses would likely alter post-metamorphic survival in our study species using previously collected data representing six weeks under relatively warm seminatural conditions. Our simulation indicated that, following warming and under identical study conditions, metabolic compensation may allow juvenile A. maculatum to maintain survival likelihoods, whereas metabolic depression may cause juvenile A. opacum to experience increased survivorship. These findings underscore that comparable physiological responses among ecologically similar, sympatric species cannot be assumed. Further, results of this study suggest that metabolic responses may play an important role in amphibian species persistence as temperatures increase due to habitat modification and climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2014View details →

Fig. 3 in Morphological And Physiological Characteristics Of Reproduction Of The Stone Marten, Martes Foina (Mammalia, Carnivora), In The Steppe Zone Of The South Of Ukraine

Fig. 3. Ovum (a) and germ of female studied during diapause of pregnancy: b — 3-blastomers zygote; c — blastula.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in Morphological And Physiological Characteristics Of Reproduction Of The Stone Marten, Martes Foina (Mammalia, Carnivora), In The Steppe Zone Of The South Of Ukraine

Fig. 2. Baculate rods of copulative organ of males: a — in age of one year; b — two years; c — in adulthood.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2014View details →

Fig. 4 in Morphological And Physiological Characteristics Of Reproduction Of The Stone Marten, Martes Foina (Mammalia, Carnivora), In The Steppe Zone Of The South Of Ukraine

Fig. 4. The uterus of pregnant female, studied 31 December; in the right horn the highlighted location of blastula.