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Figure 10. Microplana terrestris and M in Abundance, reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: Observations over 4 years
Figure 10. Microplana terrestris and M. scharffi. The time taken for cocoons to hatch after shedding or collection at different dates. Collected cocoons were within 1 day of being shed so that the maximum error in the time taken to hatch is 1 day.
Figure 7 in Abundance, reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: Observations over 4 years
Figure 7. Khaki Microplana species. (a) Monthly occurrence (corrected numbers) over 48 months from March 2001 to February 2005: 1 to 5 on the x-axis are years 2001 to 2005; (b) mean¡SE monthly numbers from January (J) to December (D) over 4 years.
Figure 8 in Abundance, reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: Observations over 4 years
Figure 8. Kitchen site: cocoons (& and solid line) and hatchlings (• and dashed line) in 2003 and 2004. Mean¡SE values for each month.
Figure 3. A 1983 in A study on the etymology of the scientific names given to planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) by Ernest Marcus' school
Figure 3. A 1983 cat-themed Christmas card hand-made by Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus and addressed to Dr. LeighWinsor (University James Cook, Australia).
Figure 1 in A study on the etymology of the scientific names given to planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) by Ernest Marcus' school
Figure 1. Pictures of the extinct Quagga, Equus quagga quagga (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quagga_photo.jpg) (left) and the 3-cm long land planarian Geoplana quagga Marcus, 1951 (right). Note the similar color pattern of the head.
Figure 2 in A study on the etymology of the scientific names given to planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) by Ernest Marcus' school
Figure 2. Hand drawings by Froehlich, E.M. of the live Geoplana yara. The green cephalic region motivated the author to use the specific epithet after Iara, the greenhaired Amazonian mermaid in the Brazilian folklore.
Differences in neurotoxic outcomes of organophosphorus pesticides revealed via multi-dimensional screening in adult and regenerating planarians
<p>Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are a chemically diverse class of commonly used insecticides. Epidemiological studies suggest that low dose chronic prenatal and infant exposures can lead to life-long neurological damage and behavioral disorders. While inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the shared mechanism of acute OP neurotoxicity, OP-induced developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) can occur independently and/or in the absence of significant AChE inhibition, suggesting alternative targets. Moreover, different OPs can cause different adverse outcomes, suggesting that different OPs act through different mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of comparative studies of OP toxicity. Freshwater planarians are an invertebrate system that uniquely allows for automated, rapid and inexpensive testing of adult and developing organisms in parallel to differentiate neurotoxicity from DNT. Effects found only in regenerating planarians would be indicative of DNT, whereas shared effects may represent general neurotoxicity. We leverage this feature to investigate potential differential effects of these OPs on the adult and developing brain by performing a comparative high-throughput screen to test 7 OPs (acephate, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, diazinon, malathion, parathion and profenofos) across 10 concentrations in quarter-log steps. Neurotoxicity was evaluated using a wide range of quantitative morphological and behavioral readouts. AChE activity was measured using an Ellman assay. The toxicological profiles of the 7 OPs differed across the OPs and between adult and regenerating planarians. Toxicological profiles were not correlated with levels of AChE inhibition. Twenty-two "mechanistic control compounds" known to target pathways suggested in the literature to be affected by OPs (cholinergic neurotransmission, serotonin neurotransmission, endocannabinoid system, cytoskeleton, adenyl cyclase and oxidative stress) and 2 negative controls were also screened. When compared with the mechanistic control compounds, the phenotypic profiles of the different OPs separated into distinct clusters. The phenotypic profiles of adult vs regenerating planarians exposed to the OPs clustered differently, suggesting some developmental-specific mechanisms. These results further support findings in other systems that OPs cause different adverse outcomes in the (developing) brain and build the foundation for future comparative studies focused on delineating the mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity in planarians.</p>
Supplementary data for: Effects of thermal acclimation on the proteome of the planarian Crenobia alpina from an alpine freshwater spring
<p>Species' acclimation capacities and their ability to maintain molecular homeostasis outside of ideal temperature ranges will partly predict their success following climate-change induced thermal regime shifts. Theory predicts that ectothermic organisms from thermally stable environments have muted plasticities, and that these species <span>may be</span> particularly vulnerable to temperature increase. Whether such species retained or lost acclimation capacities remains largely unknown. We studied proteome changes in the planarian <em>Crenobia alpina</em>, a prominent member of cold-stable alpine habitats that is considered to be cold-adapted stenotherm. We found that the species' CT<sub>max</sub> is above its experienced habitat temperatures and that different populations exhibit differential CTmax acclimation capacities, whereby an alpine population showed reduced plasticity. In a separate experiment, we acclimated <em>C. alpina</em> individuals from the alpine population to 8, 11, 14, or 17°C over the course of 168 h and compared a comprehensively annotated species-specific proteome. Network analyses of 3399 proteins and protein set enrichment show that while the species' proteome is overall stable across these temperatures, protein sets functioning in oxidative stress response, mitochondria, protein synthesis and turnover are lower abundant following warm acclimation. Proteins associated with an unfolded protein response, ciliogenesis, tissue damage repair, development, and the innate immune system were higher abundant following warm acclimation. Our findings suggest that this species has not suffered DNA decay (e.g., loss of heat-shock proteins) during evolution in a cold-stable environment and retained plasticity in response to elevated temperatures, challenging the notion that stable environments necessarily result in muted plasticity.</p>
Forsthofel-Lab/Identification of EV-responsive transcripts in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
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Figure 2 in Endemic freshwater planarians of Sardinia: Redescription of Dugesia hepta (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a comparison of the Mediterranean species of the genus
Figure 2. Dugesia hepta. External features (from photographs of living specimens).
Figure 20. Procerodella asahinai, V in Biodiversity of marine planarians revisited (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
Figure 20. Procerodella asahinai, V.Pl. 952.5, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus.
Figure 21. Procerodella asahinai, V in Biodiversity of marine planarians revisited (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
Figure 21. Procerodella asahinai, V.Pl. 952.2, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus.
Figure 9 in Abundance, reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: Observations over 4 years
Figure 9. Microplana terrestris. The number of hatchlings emerging from 13 viable cocoons.
Figure 2 in Abundance, reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: Observations over 4 years
Figure 2. The vegetable plots. Planks are placed around the perimeter.
Supplementary data for: Effects of thermal acclimation on the proteome of the planarian Crenobia alpina from an alpine freshwater spring
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Differences in neurotoxic outcomes of organophosphorus pesticides revealed via multi-dimensional screening in adult and regenerating planarians
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FIGURE 13. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred using the Cox1 in The identity of the invasive yellow-striped terrestrial planarian found recently in Europe: Caenoplana variegata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) or Caenoplana bicolor (Graff, 1899)?
FIGURE 13. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred using the Cox1 dataset. Values at nodes correspond to BP support values (left) and PP from the Bayesian analysis (right). Vertical bars at right correspond to the molecular species delimitation methods assignations (purple: ABGD; orange: bPTP).
FIGURE 5 in The identity of the invasive yellow-striped terrestrial planarian found recently in Europe: Caenoplana variegata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) or Caenoplana bicolor (Graff, 1899)?
FIGURE 5. Caenoplana variegata. Photographs of remaining preserved portions of the sectioned specimens, taken 10 August 2018. NHMUK97: dorsal (a) and ventral (b) surfaces, preserved in 1897, now in 80% IMS. Cv7: dorsal (c) and ventral (d) surfaces, killed and preserved 29 January 2015, now in 100% ethanol. 1 mm graph paper background, scale bar 5 mm.
FIGURE 2. a, Plate V, figs 3 and 3 in The identity of the invasive yellow-striped terrestrial planarian found recently in Europe: Caenoplana variegata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) or Caenoplana bicolor (Graff, 1899)?
FIGURE 2. a, Plate V, figs 3 and 3' of Fletcher & Hamilton (1888) as Geoplana variegata. b, Plate XI, Fig. 2 of Dendy (1892), as Geoplana variegata (but see text) original in colour. c, Figure 1 of Winsor (1973) as Geoplana varigata (but see text).
FIGURE 1 in The identity of the invasive yellow-striped terrestrial planarian found recently in Europe: Caenoplana variegata (Fletcher & Hamilton, 1888) or Caenoplana bicolor (Graff, 1899)?
FIGURE 1. Caenoplana variegata. Specimens from the UK showing variation in pigmentation. a, specimen from Coventry, UK, as received (collected January 2015, specimen Cv7, sectioned for anatomical studies). Note the lateral surfaces appear uniformly black. Scale bar 1 cm. b–d, specimens after many months in captivity and fed at occasional intervals: b, a coiled specimen showing varied dark pigmentation laterally; c, another specimen with limited dark pigment laterally; d & e, a specimen with almost no dark pigment laterally though a little anteriorly bordering the dorsal yellow band.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.