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Figure 8 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 8. Vailimia sp. indet. feeding on a captured brachyceran fly, on or near its web at Manimoole farm, Vittal, Dakshinakannada, Karnataka. 1-3, Three views of feeding spider. After heavy rains this web was damaged and this spider moved on. 4, Same spider in a different web, feeding on a different brachyceran fly. This spider occupied three different webs in succession, from 29 MAY to 7 JUN 2020. Photographs by Sanath Ramesh.

Figure 7 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 7. Vailimia sp. indet. on stem near its web at Manimoole farm, Vittal, Dakshinakannada, Karnataka. 1, Note the row of vertical setae across the top of the carapace. 5, Detail of (4). This may be a penultimate female of the species shown in Figures 4-5. This spider, observed from 29 MAY to 7 JUN 2020, is also shown in Figures 8-11. Photographs by Sanath Ramesh.

Figure 1 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka (version 2)

Figure 1. Recently moulted female Telamonia dimidiata suspended from her dragline, below her exuvium and

Figure 6 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 6. Adult female plexippine Telamonia dimidiata (Simon 1899) feeding on an immature Vailimia sp. indet. Photographed at the Kaje vrukshalaya farm in Mangaluru, Karnataka by Aniruddha Sharma S., used with permission.

Figure 16 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 16. Vailimia sp. indet. resting at the hub of its nocturnal retreat in Sirsi, Uttarakannada District, Karanataka. Radii constructed on a plant of about 1.3 m in height spanned about 10 cm. Silk comprising this retreat was not sticky. When disturbed the spider took a long jump to a nearby branch, but returned to the hub in about an hour. On the next morning this spider left the retreat, apparently to search for prey on the same plant (Figure 17:1-4), but as confirmed by a local boy it returned to the same retreat that night. 2, 8, Enhanced contrast views of (1) and (7). Photographs by Abhijith A. P. C.

Figure 2 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka (version 2)

Figure 2 (continued on next page). Adult male Telamonia dimidiata with recently moulted female. 2-4, Male moving down to female exuvium. 5-7, Male climbing down to leaf occupied by female. 8-9, Male under leaf with female.

Figure 5 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 5. Adult female Vailimia sp. indet. at Sanoor, Dakshinakannada, Karnataka. Note the presence of four setae acroos the rear of the eye region, as seen in the adult male (Figure 3). Photographs by Mr. Jithesh Pai, used with permission.

Figure 17 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 17. Empty retreat (1-2) and close-up views of the salticids (Vailimia sp. indet.) that occupied these retreats. 1-2, Empty retreat on the morning after it was occupied by one of these spiders (Figure 13). 3-4, Detail of the spider shown in Figure 13 at night after it was disturbed and jumped away from its retreat. Photographs (1-4) by Abhijith A. P. C. in Sirsi, Uttarakannada District, Karnataka. 5, Detailed view of spider that appeared to be hunting away from its web during the daytime. Photographed in Kasaragod, Kerala by Prasantha Krishna.

Figure 5 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka (version 2)

Figure 5 (continued from previous page). Sequential but not consecutive frames from a hand-held 30 fps (640 x 360 pixel) video clip of the approach of the male and mating by this cohabiting Telamonia dimidiata pair. 4-8, Approach by male. 9-15, Mating. The opisthosoma of the female was rotated to allow mating on the left side.

Figure 4 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka (version 2)

Figure 4 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Cohabiting and mating Telamonia dimidiata. 7-9, Male near female after mating. 10-11, Female with exuvium in shelter after mating.

Figure 3 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka (version 2)

Figure 3 (continued on next page). Female Telamonia dimidiata with their broods. 1, End-on view of female in tubular central chamber surrounded by her brood. Note the well-developed eye pigment of the instar I (hatchling) spiderlings. No egg shell fragments are visible. 2-5, View of a different brood sac containing spiderlings (2), and female near one entrance of this brood sac accompanied by several instar II (emergent) spiderlings (3-5). These have longer legs than instar I spiderlings.

Figure 14 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 14 (continued from previous page). Vailimia sp. indet. resting on its vertical platform at night (1), and views

Figure 3 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 3. Adult male Vailimia sp. indet. Photographed at the Kaje vrukshalaya farm in Mangaluru, Karnataka by Abhijith A. P. C. Note the four long, erect setae across the top of the eye region.

Figure 2 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 2. Localities where salticids (Vailimia sp. indet.) have been observed in their orb webs. These sites (1-7) span a distance of about 900 km along the southwestern coast of India, in Goa, Karnataka and Kerala.

Figure 1 in Construction and use of orb webs by jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina: Vailimia sp. indet.) in southwest India

Figure 1. Known distribution of Vailimia species in south and southeast Asia. Populations observed in the present study are identified here as Vailimia sp. (7; see Figure 2 for detail).

Figure 1. Female Thyene coccineovittata near a in Oophagy by the jumping spider Thyene coccineovittata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Brazil

Figure 1. Female Thyene coccineovittata near a cluster of 14 pentatomid eggs on the underside of a Ficus leaf (1), and feeding on one of those eggs (2). Most of the eggs were eaten. This event was also documented in a brief video clip that shows this spider stepping over several eggs that had already been eaten to reach this uneaten egg (2).

Figure 3 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 3 (continued from previous page). Female Telamonia dimidiata with their broods. 5, Female near one entrance to her brood sac (at right). 6-10, Female attending her brood. 6, After this initial observation, this female was disturbed and left her sac to jump down. Her dragline was accidentally severed and she was not seen in the vicinity for 3 days. 7, Female at center of brood sac several days later, after her return to the site. 8, Female outside of her brood sac, near one of the two entrances (upper right). 9, Female after return to center of brood sac. Note entrance at the bottom of the sac. 10, Detail from (9). Note presence of egg shell fragments in the tubular chamber in front of the female (at top, center).

Figure 3 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued from previous page). Adult male Telamonia dimidiata with recently moulted female. 16-20, Male moving about in the vicinity of the female. 21, Female in thin silk shelter (resting sac or retreat) on the next day. Both sexes construct temporary nocturnal retreats like this one (Ahmed et al. 2019).

Figure 2 in Moulting, male pursuit and brooding by Telamonia dimidiata (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Adult male Telamonia dimidiata with recently moulted female. 10-15, Male moving about in the vicinity of the female.