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68 results for “Polydora”
FIGURE 4 in Morphology and biology of Polydora hoplura Claparède, 1868 (Annelida: Spionidae)
FIGURE 4. Shells of abalone Haliotis discus hannai cultivated in land-based tanks and severely infested by Polydora hoplura (Jeju Is., South Korea. MIMB 28076). A, B, inner surface of shells showing respiratory holes of the mollusks clogged by Polydora hoplura. C, same, outer surface of shell. D, one abalone shell broken into pieces, showing severe infestation by about 80 individuals of Polydora hoplura. Scale bar for all = 2 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Morphology and biology of Polydora hoplura Claparède, 1868 (Annelida: Spionidae)
FIGURE 1. Map showing world-wide records of Polydora hoplura and collecting sites reported in the present study (red numbers). 1—Italy (Claparède 1868; Carazzi 1893; Lo Bianco 1893, 1909, Fresi et al. 1983; Colognola et al. 1984). 2— Mediterranean France (Marion & Bobretzky 1875; Soulier 1903). 3—Atlantic France (Giard 1881, Saint-Joseph 1894; Douvillé 1907; Dollfus 1921, 1932; Cornet & Rullier 1951; Lejart & Hily 2011). 4—British Islands (McIntosh 1909, 1915, 1923; Wilson 1928; Clavier 1989). 5—Mediterranean Spain (Rioja 1931; Acero & San Martín 1986). 6—Netherlands (Korringa 1951), Belgium (Zintzen & Massin 2010). 7—Montenegro (Stjepčević 1974). 8—Portugal (Amoureux & Calvário 1981, Vasconcelos et al. 2007). 9—Atlantic Spain (Aguirrezabalaga 1984; Parapar et al. 2009). 10—Croatia (Labura & Hrs- Brenko 1990), Italy (Solis-Weiss et al. 2004). 11—Greece (Simboura & Nicolaidou 2001; Karalis et al. 2003), Turkey (Çinar & Dagli 2013). 12—South Africa (Day 1967; Nel et al. 1996, Simon et al. 2006, 2010, Simon & Booth 2007). 13—New Zealand (Read 1975; Handley 1995; Handley & Bergquist 1997). 14—Australia and Tasmania (Blake & Kudenov 1978; Lleonart 2001; Lleonart et al. 2003). 15—Australia (Hutchings & Turvey 1984). 16—Tunisia (Ayari et al. 2009). 17—São Paulo, Brazil, and California, USA (Radashevsky & Migotto 2016). Records of Polydora uncinata (green numbers): 18—Sato-Okoshi 1998, 1999. 19—Radashevsky & Olivares 2005. 20—Sato-Okoshi et al. 2008. 21—Sato-Okoshi et al. 2012.
FIGURE 7 in A novel symbiotic relationship between ascidians and a new tunic-boring polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydora)
FIGURE 7. Results of plate assay (A) and zymographic analysis (B) for cellulase activity of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. Haloes (A: destained areas) and destained bands (B: arrowheads) indicate the cellulose decomposition (exhibition of cellulase activity). PC = positive control (crystalline style of a brackish water clam Corbicula japonica), NC = negative control.
FIGURE 6 in A novel symbiotic relationship between ascidians and a new tunic-boring polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydora)
FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated sequences of nuclear 18S and 28S and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences of Polydora species obtained in this study and from DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database (Table 1). The gene sequences obtained in this study are highlighted in boldface. SH-aLRT/approximate Bayes support/ultrafast bootstrap support values of ≥80%/≥0.95/≥95%, respectively, are given beside the respective nodes. Nodes with red circles indicate triple high support values of SH-aLRT ≥ 80, approximate Bayes support ≥ 0.95, and ultrafast bootstrap support ≥ 95. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site. Sequences of Dipolydora species are used for outgroup rooting. The symbols at the left of the species names indicate the lifestyle based on the available information (Table 1).
FIGURE 5 in A novel symbiotic relationship between ascidians and a new tunic-boring polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydora)
FIGURE 5. Micro-CT images of the host ascidian. A: three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed image of three U-shaped burrows of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. B: two-dimensional reconstructed images of three U-shaped burrows of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. extracted from tomographic data. Arrowheads of figures A and B indicate the apertures of the burrows. C–E: Cross-sectional image of the host. Arrowheads indicate the boreholes of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. in the ascidian tunic. Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A novel symbiotic relationship between ascidians and a new tunic-boring polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydora)
FIGURE 4. Polydora tunicola sp. nov. A: palps and mud tubes of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. protruding from their burrows in the tunics of the sessile ascidian Polycarpa cf. cryptocarpa kroboja. B: closeup of palps and mud tubes of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. C, D: tubes of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. concentrated on near siphons of the ascidians. E: juvenile of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. (arrowhead) constructing a mucous tube on the siphons of the ascidians but not yet bore into the tunic. F: cross-section of a host ascidian showing many pairs of boreholes filled with mud tubes (arrowheads) of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. in the host tunic. Photo by O. Hoshino (A–E) and H. Abe (F).
FIGURE 1 in A novel symbiotic relationship between ascidians and a new tunic-boring polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydora)
FIGURE 1. Maps showing sampling locations of Polydora tunicola sp. nov. A: Japan. B: Izu-Oshima Island and its vicinity.
FIGURE 2 in A novel symbiotic relationship between ascidians and a new tunic-boring polychaete (Annelida: Spionidae: Polydora)
FIGURE 2. Polydora tunicola sp. nov. Light micrographs showing the morphology of preserved specimens (holotype: NSMTPol H-855). A: entire body. B: anterior end, dorsal view. C: anterior end, lateral view. D: posterior end, lateral view. E: posterior end, dorsal view. F: posterior end, ventral view. Scale bars: (A) = 5 mm; (B–C) = 1 mm; (D–F) = 500 μm.
FIGURE 4 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 4. Adult morphology and reproduction of Polydora mohammadi sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (in life). A, complete individual, dorsal view, showing white gatherings of glandular cells on dorsal side of median chaetigers. B, anterior end, dorsal view, showing small spots of ochre pigment on chaetigers 4 and 5. C, posterior end, dorsal view. D, E, part of egg capsules brooded by female inside burrow in a shell of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Scale bars: A = 0.3 mm, B, C = 0.1 mm, D, E = 0.5 mm. A−E—MIMB 42695.
FIGURE 8 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 8. Adult morphology of Polydora mohammadi sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait. A, relationships between length of caruncle (in chaetiger numbers) and total number of chaetigers in worm. B, relationships between arrangement of branchiae (referring to number of the last branchiate chaetiger), arrangement of spines in posterior notopodia (referring to number of the first chaetiger bearing awl-like and sickle-shaped spines) and total number of chaetigers in worm. C, relationships between arrangement of gametes (referring to number of the first and the last chaetiger with gametes) and total number of chaetigers in worm.
FIGURE 5 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 5. Adult morphology of Polydora mohammadi sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait. A, B, palps with black bands on sides of frontal groove. C, anterior end, left lateral view. D, female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing nephridia stained with MG (arrows). E, chaetiger 5 chaetae of a 33-chaetiger juvenile. F, G, chaetiger 5 chaetae of large mature individuals. Abbreviations: an = occipital antenna, br = branchiae, ch5 = chaetiger 5, co = bilimbate companion chaetae, fa = heavy falcate spines, su = dorsal superior capillaries, ve = ventral capillaries. Scale bars: A−C = 200 µm, D = 100 µm, E−G = 30 µm. A, C—MIMB 42698 (holotype), B—MIMB 42697, D−G—MIMB 42696. A−D—formalin-fixed specimens, C, D—stained with methyl green.
FIGURE 3 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 3. Methyl green staining of Polydora hoplura (formalin-fixed specimens; palps missing). A, general view. B, anterior end, ventral view. C, anterior end, left lateral view. D, anterior end, curved. E, anterior end, dorsal view. F, middle chaetigers, dorsal view. Abbreviation: an = occipital antenna, br = branchiae, ch5 = chaetiger 5. Scale bars: A = 500 µm, B−F = 200 µm. A—Mar Grande of Taranto, Italy (MIMB 33029), B−F—Gulf of Naples, Italy (MIMB 28148).
FIGURE 7 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 7. Post-fixation pigmentation and methyl green staining of Polydora mohammadi sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (formalin-fixed specimens). A, complete individual, dorsal view. B, anterior end, dorsal view. C, chaetigers 5–16, dorsal view. D, posterior branchiate chaetigers, dorsal view. E, H, I, posterior ends, dorsal view. F, G, middle chaetigers, dorsal view. Abbreviation: ch5 = chaetiger 5. Scale bars: A−E = 200 µm, F, I = 100 µm, G, H = 50 µm. A, B—MIMB 42694, C—MIMB 42696, D—MIMB 33068, E−H—MIMB 42695. A, C−E—in reflected light; B, F−I—in transmitted light; A−C, F−I—stained with methyl green; D, E—showing transverse bands of dark ochre pigment appeared after fixation in formalin; H, I—showing cells stained with methylene green and paired gatherings of dark ochre pigment appeared after fixation in formalin.
FIGURE 9 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 9. Reproductive biology of Polydora mohammadi sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (in life). A, B, coelomic sperm, showing diads of spermatocytes I, tetrads of spermatocytes II, octads of spermatids (A), and mature spermatozoa (B). C, coelomic oocytes. D, newly spawn eggs from egg capsule. E, part of egg capsules each attached by two stalks to wall of female's burrow. Scale bars: A, B = 10 µm, C, D = 50 µm, E = 100 µm. A−E—MIMB 42696.
FIGURE 6 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 6. Adult morphology of Polydora mohammadi sp. nov. from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait (in life). A, anterior end, dorsal view, showing small spots of ochre pigment on chaetigers 4 and 5. B, anterior end, ventral view. C, middle part of a palp, frontal view, showing ciliated groove bordered by low papillae bearing short non-motile cirri. D, posterior end, dorsal view. E, bidentate hooded hooks from a middle neuropodium. F, heavily recurved, sickle-shaped spines from posterior notopodia. G, right side of posterior postbranchiate chaetigers, dorsal view, showing notopodia with heavy spines in addition to slender capillaries. H, fragment of G, showing slender and slightly curved awl-like spine (aw) and heavily recurved sickle-shaped spine (si). Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm, C, E, G, H = 30 µm, D = 50 µm, F = 20 µm. A, D—MIMB 42695, B, C, E−H—MIMB 33067.
FIGURE 2 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 2. Natural and post-fixation pigmentation of Polydora hoplura (formalin-fixed specimens). A, anterior end, left lateral view, palps missing, showing black pigment scattered on prostomium and lateral side of peristomium. B, posterior branchiate chaetigers, dorsal view, showing paired bands of dark ochre pigment appeared after fixation in formalin. C, posterior end, dorsal view, showing heavy recurved spines in posterior notopodia. Scale bars: A−C = 200 µm. A−C—Mar Grande of Taranto, Italy (MIMB 33029).
FIGURE 1 in A twin of Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, with review of primers used for barcoding of Spionidae
FIGURE 1. Majority rule consensus tree of the Bayesian inference analysis of the combined COI (1134 bp), 16S (248 bp), 18S (1572 bp), 28S (228 bp), and Histone 3 (299 bp) sequences (3481 bp in total) of Polydora spp. rooted with sequences of Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933. Posterior probabilities are shown on the branches. The numbers preceding collecting locations are unique numbers from the VIR database linking the individuals on the tree with the sampling data in Table 1; numbers of individuals/isolates are separated from sample numbers by dots.
Figure 4 in Morphology and natural history of the cryptogenic sponge associate Polydora colonia Moore, 1907 (Polychaeta: Spionidae)
Figure 4. Polydora colonia and its sponge host Microciona prolifera. (A) Uncolonized branch of Microciona prolifera. (B) Colonized branch of M. prolifera showing the network of worm tubes on surface of the sponge. (C) Regenerating adult worm with gut containing sponge material. (D) Gut contents showing orange sponge material and two sponge spicules (arrows). Scale: 10 mm (A, B); 200 µm (C); 50 µm (D).
Figure 6 in Morphology and natural history of the cryptogenic sponge associate Polydora colonia Moore, 1907 (Polychaeta: Spionidae)
Figure 6. Symbionts of Polydora colonia, scanning electron micrographs. (A) The ciliate Urceolaria sp. attached to the posterior end of a regenerating worm. (B) Oblique lateral view of oral surface of Urceolaria sp. showing main ring. (C) Lateral view of Urceolaria sp. showing the oral (or) and aboral (ab) region. (D) Overview of the parasitic copepod Cymbasoma sp. with one pair of non-fused antennae (arrowhead showing intact non-fused antenna and arrow showing point of attachment of the second non-fused antenna) and one pair of fused antennae (fu). (E) Abdominal region showing protective sheath that houses the thoracic appendages, arrow pointing to posterior end of the sheath. (F) Lateral view of non-fused antenna. Scale: 100 µm (A); 40 µm (B, C); 500 µm (D); 200 µm (E, F).
Figure 2 in Morphology and natural history of the cryptogenic sponge associate Polydora colonia Moore, 1907 (Polychaeta: Spionidae)
Figure 2. Polydora colonia, adult morphology based on scanning electron microscopy. (A) Overview of P. colonia. (B) Ventral view of palps showing the food groove lined by frontal cilia (fc) and papillae (pa). (C) Fifth chaetiger showing modified spines (arrow). (D) Single fifth chaetiger spine and dorsal fascicle of notochaetae. (E) Posterior end of worm showing cupshaped pygidium along with boat hooks of varying curvature. (F) Posterior end and pygidium showing boat hooks on posterior chaetigers. Scale: 500 µm (A); 50 µm (B); 100 µm (C); 25 µm (D); 200 µm (E, F).
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