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80 results for “Prey capture”
Octopus bimaculoides visually-evoked prey capture
<p>Octopus limb hyper-redundancy complicates traditional motor control system theory by its extensive sensory inputs, subsequent decision making and arm coordination. Octopus are thought to reduce flexibility control complexity by relying on highly stereotypical motor primitives (e.g. reaching and crawling) and multi-level processes to coordinate movement utilizing extensive peripheral nervous system (PNS) processing. Division of labor along the anterior-posterior axis and limb- specialization of the four anterior arms in T-maze food retrieval further simplify control. Yet, specific arm recruitment and coordination during visually guided reaching behavior remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated visually triggered <em>Octopus bimaculoides</em> hunting capabilities by eliciting and examining prey-specific arm recruitment. When striking crabs, octopus preferred synchronous arm recruitment while sequential arm recruitment with a characteristic swaying movement is employed for shrimp. Such behavioral selection aligns with specific prey escape strategies and the octopus' flexible arm biomechanical constraints. Although side bias existed, we found significant bilateral symmetry, with one side being functionally a mirror of the other rather than anterior arm use being functionally equal and differing to posterior arm use. Among arms, the second limb is unequivocally dominant for goal-directed monocularly driven prey capture. While the eight arms share gross anatomy and are considered equipotential, such arm specialization for specific actions could reflect different degrees of specialization in organismal structures. Finally, we quantitatively show, corroborating earlier observations, that octopus employ a dimension reduction strategy by actively deciding to recruit adjacent arms over other available arms during either sequential or synchronous visually triggered prey attack.</p>
Data from: Large trees and forest heterogeneity facilitate prey capture by California spotted owls
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Octopus bimaculoides visually-evoked prey capture
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Data from: Conspicuous stripes on prey capture attention and reduce attacks by foraging jumping spiders
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Data from: Flamingos use their L-shaped beak and morphing feet to induce vortical traps for prey capture
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Negative effect of turbidity on prey capture for both visual and non-visual aquatic predators
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PFOS negatively impacts prey capture in larval zebrafish
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Fovea-like photoreceptor specialisations underlie single UV-cone driven prey capture behaviour in zebrafish
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Dynamics of gaze control during prey capture in freely moving mice
<p>Most studies of visual processing are conducted under head- and gaze-restricted conditions. While this provides experimental control, it radically limits the natural exploration of the visual world which is typically achieved through directed eye, head, and body movements. As such, less is known about how animals naturally sample the external visual world to acquire relevant visual information in natural contexts. To determine how mice target their gaze and sample the visual world during natural behavior, we measured head and bilateral eye movements in mice performing prey capture, an ethological behavior that engages vision. We find that most eye movements are compensatory for head movements but that non-compensatory movements occur during head turns. Importantly, we find that non-compensatory gaze shifts (i.e., saccades) do not target a discreet location in visual space (e.g., the prey location), but that orienting movements are driven by the head and work to sequentially shift and recenter the visual field. Data shared here include simultaneous recordings of eye and head movements from 105 trials of prey capture behavior across 7 animals. All data are available as .mat files. </p>
Data and code for: The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean
<p>Predator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary 'dead-end' due to the constraints associated with the evolution of morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in separate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches armed with nematocysts) exclusively for prey capture. Here we study how siphonophore specialists and generalists evolve, and what morphological changes are associated with these transitions. To answer these questions, we: (1) measured 29 morphological characters of tentacles from 45 siphonophore species, (2) mapped these data to a phylogenetic tree, and (3) analyzed the evolutionary associations between morphological characters and prey type data from the literature. Instead of a dead-end, we found that siphonophore specialists can evolve into generalists, and that specialists on one prey type have directly evolved into specialists on other prey types. Our results show that siphonophore tentillum morphology has strong evolutionary associations with prey type, and suggest that shifts between prey types are linked to shifts in the morphology, mode of evolution, and genetic correlations of tentilla and their nematocysts. The evolutionary history of siphonophore specialization helps build a broader perspective on predatory niche diversification via morphological innovation and evolution. These findings contribute to understanding how specialization and morphological evolution have shaped present-day food webs.</p>
Data and code for: River noise alters orb-weaving spider abundance, web size, and prey capture
<p>Novel anthropogenic noise has received considerable attention in behavioral ecology, but natural acoustic environments have largely been ignored as ecological niche axes. In riparian sites, within an arid sagebrush steppe ecosystem, we use a natural range of acoustic environments along with experimentally broadcasted whitewater river noise to test our hypothesis that river noise is an important niche axis. We show that orb-weaving spiders (Araneidae and Tetragnathidae) are more abundant in high sound level environments, but do not seem to be affected by the background noise spectrum. We explore multiple hypotheses for these patterns, such as loss of vertebrate predators and increased prey capture, and then assess how web-building behavior and body condition may be altered. Here, we demonstrate that river noise has the potential to alter spider abundance and behavior.</p>
Data from: The effect of trap colour and trap-flower distance on prey and pollinator capture in carnivorous Drosera species
1. The functional features of carnivorous plants' traps have been mostly interpreted as adaptations to capture prey. Carnivorous plants that feed on insects, however, run the risk that increasing trapping effectiveness might in turn reduce reproductive success through capture of pollinators. Such a pollinator–prey conflict might play an important role in the evolution of trap features. In carnivorous plants with sticky leaves (e.g. Drosera, Pinguicula), both spatial distance between traps and flowers and their visual signals (e.g. colour, display size) likely play a role in attracting prey but it has also been suggested that they affect the risk of potential pollinators landing on a trap. It has been reported, for example, that red pigmentation in carnivorous plants may lure insect prey to traps. This idea remains controversial, however, because colour vision of most insects does not extend very far into the red part of the spectrum. 2. We tested an alternative hypothesis, namely that red pigmentation of the trapping leaves may reduce the risk of a pollinator–prey conflict. Experiments were conducted in a natural habitat of Drosera arcturi and D. spatulata in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Using sticky model traps similar in shape to Drosera leaf traps and flowers, we investigated the effect of colour (green vs. red vs. white) and flower-trap distance (flower stalk length and leaf arrangement, that is upright as in D. arcturi vs. flat ground rosette as in D. spatulata) on composition and abundance of insects landing and being trapped. 3. Flower-trap distance had no significant effect on the risk of pollinators being trapped but model flowers higher above the ground received more pollinator landings. Across all model traps, the number of trapped potential pollinators was significantly lower in traps with red leaves compared to green ones. 4. The results suggest that the typical red pigmentation of the trapping leaves in Drosera may be a way to protect pollinators from being attracted and captured. However, our data also suggest that pollinator protection via red traps may come with a trade-off since total prey capture was also significantly reduced.
Fig. 2 in Evolution of hyperflexible joints in sticky prey capture appendages of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones)
Fig. 2 Joint hyperflexion during prey capture of S. simoni and M. chrysomelas. Prey items are marked by an asterisk. a–i S. simoni. j–p. M. chrysomelas. a, j Active search for prey; tarsi are extended, lateral view. b, k Body posture after the catch of a springtail. Legs are stretched to prevent ground contact of the prey; tarsi are flexed, and the prey is secured between both pedipalps. c, l Clamping of prey legs between tibiae and flexed tarsi, frontal view. d, m Detail of pedipalp with extended tibia and tarsus, lateral view. e Flexed tibia and tarsus. f–h Rapid tarsal flexion,
Data for: Hunting behavior of a solitary sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and estimated energy gain after prey capture
<p>Foraging behavior and interaction with prey is an integral component of the niche of predators but is inherently difficult to observe for highly mobile animals in the marine environment. Billfish have been described as 'energy speculators', expending a large amount of energy foraging, expecting to offset high costs with periodic high energetic gain. Surface-based group feeding of sailfish, <em>Istiophorus</em> <em>platypterus</em>, is commonly observed, yet sailfish are believed to be solitary roaming predators with high metabolic requirements, suggesting that individual foraging also represents a major component of predator-prey interactions. Here, we use biologging data and video to examine daily activity levels and foraging behavior, estimate metabolic costs, and document a solitary predation event. We estimate a median active metabolic rate of 218.9 ± 70.5 mgO<sub>2</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> which increased to 518.8 ± 586.3 mgO<sub>2</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> during prey pursuit. Assuming a successful predation, we estimate a daily net energy gain of 2.4 MJ (5.1 MJ acquired, 2.7 MJ expended), supporting the energy speculator model. While group hunting may be a common activity used by sailfish to acquire energy, our calculations indicate that opportunistic individual foraging events offer a net energy return that contributes to the fitness of these highly mobile predators. </p>
Dynamics of gaze control during prey capture in freely moving mice
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Data from: The effect of trap colour and trap-flower distance on prey and pollinator capture in carnivorous Drosera species
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Data from: Recent prey capture experience and dynamic habitat quality mediate short-term foraging site fidelity in a seabird
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Data from: The ontogenetic dietary shift from non-dangerous to dangerous prey in predator-eating predators under capture risk
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Data and code for: The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean
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Data from: Hierarchical influences of prey distribution on patterns of prey capture by a marine predator
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.