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FIGURE 8 in Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)

FIGURE 8. Thouarella porcupinensis sp. nov., holotype (MNCN 2.04/2025). SEM microphotographs. (A) Opercular scales. (B) Marginal scales. (C) Body scales. (D) Coenenchymal scales. Note castellated morphology of the distal end of marginals in B. All sclerites but those marked with * are in outer face view.

FIGURE 7 in Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)

FIGURE 7. Thouarella porcupinensis sp. nov., holotype (MNCN 2.04/2025). SEM microphotographs. (A–B) Branchlet fragments showing arrangement of polyps. (C) Polyp, adaxial view. (D) Coenenchymal surface showing sclerite arrangement. (E) Cross section of branchlet showing axis, longitudinal channels, and layer of coenenchymal sclerites.

FIGURE 6 in Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)

FIGURE 6. Callogorgia europaea sp. nov. holotype MNCN (2.04/2022). SEM microphotographs of characteristics scales: (A) Opercular scale. (B) Abaxial marginal scale. (C) Abaxial scale of distal part of polyp. Callogorgia americana: (D) Adaxial scale of distal part of polyp (modified from Cairns & Bayer, 2002: fig. 3J). Callogorgia delta: (E) Adaxial scale of distal part of polyp (modified from Cairns & Bayer, 2002: fig. 6H). Notice parallel ridges of digitated processes in A, and parallel to radial orientation of ridges in the abaxial body scales of the new proposed species (B and C) and the two closest species C. americana and C. delta, centres of radiation are indicated by the intersection of convergent arrows.

FIGURE 4 in Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)

FIGURE 4. Callogorgia europaea sp. nov., holotype MNCN (2.04/2022).SEM microphotographs. (A) Opercular scales: 1, abaxials; 2, outer laterals; 3, inner laterals; 4, adaxials. (B) Body wall scales of distal part of polyp. (C) Abaxial basal scales. All scales but those marked with * are in outer face view.

FIGURE 5 in Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)

FIGURE 5. Callogorgia europaea sp. nov., holotype MNCN (2.04/2022). SEM microphotographs. Coenenchymal sclerites. All sclerites but those marked with * are in outer face view.

FIGURE 3 in Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)

FIGURE 3. Callogorgia europaea sp. nov., holotype MNCN (2.04/2022). SEM microphotographs. (A–C) Polyps, distalmost part in oral views, stereopairs. (D) Polyp, distalmost part showing operculars, marginals, and submarginals, inner laterals and adaxial scales. (E) Polyp, adaxial view. (F) Axis surface.

FIGURE 1 in Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)

FIGURE 1. Callogorgia europaea sp. nov. (A) Holotype (MNCN 2.04/2022). (B) Paratype (MNCN 2.04/2023). (C) Paratype (MNCN 2.04/2024). Thouarella porcupinensis sp. nov. (D) Holotype (MNCN 2.04/2025). (E) Proximal part of axis showing sinuous morphology. (F) Epizoic sea anemone.

Figure 6 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 6. Scopaegorgia liouvillei comb. nov., holotype (MNHN Oct.0000–0233): (A) body scales; (B) coenenchymal scales.

Figure 5 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 5. Scopaegorgia liouvillei comb. nov., holotype (MNHN Oct.0000–0233): (A) opercular scales; (B) marginal scales.

Figure 4 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 4. Scopaegorgia liouvillei comb. nov., holotype (MNHN Oct.0000–0233). Whorl on abaxial view, stereo pair.

Figure 8 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 8. Fannyella abies, holotype (B970): (A) whorl of polyps, stereo pair; (B) whorl on oral view, stereo pair; (C) polyp on outer-lateral view; (D) polyp on adaxial view.

Figure 11 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 11. Bottlebrush colony shape variability in Fannyella abies: (A) CRO-0049, preserved material; (B) MNA 2463, living material; (C) CRO-0048, living material.

Figure 7 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 7. Fannyella abies, holotype (B970): (A) detail of a brachlet; (B) whole colony. Photo: Åse Wilhelmsen NHM, Oslo.

Figure 1 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 1. Distribution of Primnoid species examined in this paper: circle, Scopaegorgia liouvillei comb. nov.; square, Fannyella abies. Empty symbols represent the respective holotypes.

Figure 2 in Designation of Thouarella abies Broch, 1965 as the type species of the subgenus Fannyella (Scyphogorgia) Cairns and Bayer, 2009, and description of a new genus for Stenella (Dasystenella) liouvillei Gravier, 1913 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae)

Figure 2. Scopaegorgia liouvillei comb. nov., holotype (MNHN Oct.0000–0233): (A) whole colony; (B) detail of a whorl. Photo: Aude Andouche, MNHN, Paris.

FIGURE 35 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 35. Thouarella coronata, holotype, UMUT: a,b) outer and c) inner surface of accessory operculars; d,g,h) outer and e,f) inner surface of opercular scales; i,j) outer and k) inner surface of marginal scales; l,m) inner surface of submarginal scales; n) inner and o,p) outer surface of body-wall scales; q) coenenchymal scales—inner surface top row left, bottom row right and middle; remainder are the outer surface. Some SEM by ZGR.

FIGURE 33 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 33. Thouarella laxa, holotype, ZMA COEL03576: a,b,d) inner and c,e) outer surface of opercular scales; f) outer and g,h) inner surface of marginal scales; i,j) inner surface of submarginal scales; k,n) inner and l,m) outer surface of body-wall scales; o) coenenchymal scales—outer surface bottom right, remainder are the inner surface.

FIGURE 30 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 30. Thouarella moseleyi, holotype, NHM 1889.5.27.39: a) 6 cm colony; b) close up of the few remaining polyps; c) lateral view of polyp; d) stereo opercular view.

FIGURE 34 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 34. Thouarella coronata, holotype, UMUT: a) 13 cm colony; b) close up of polyps; c) whorl of three polyps; d) abaxial polyp view; e) lateral polyp view; f) stereo opercular view. SEM by RZG.

FIGURE 24 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 24. Thouarella chilensis, holotype, ZMH C1780: a) colony, 14 cm; b) close up of polyps; c) abaxial and lateral views of polyps; d) stereo opercular view of polyp.