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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Fencing solves human‐wildlife conflict locally but shifts problems elsewhere: a case study using functional connectivity modelling of the African elephant

1. Fencing is one of the commonest methods for mitigating human-wildlife conflicts. At the same time, fencing is considered to be of one of the most pressing emerging threats to conservation globally. Although fences act as barriers and eventually can cause population isolation and fragmentation, it is challenging to quantitatively predict the possible consequences fences have for wildlife. 2. Here, we model how fencing designed to mitigate human-elephant conflict (HEC) on the Borderlands between Kenya and Tanzania will affect functional connectivity and movement corridors for African elephants. Specifically, we (1) model functional landscape connectivity integrating natural and anthropogenic factors; (2) predict seasonal movement corridors used by elephants in non-protected areas; and (3) evaluate whether fencing in one area can potentially intensify human-wildlife conflicts elsewhere. 3. We used GPS movement and remote sensing data to develop monthly step-selection functions to model functional connectivity. For future scenarios, we used a currently ongoing fencing project designed for human-elephant conflict mitigation within the study area. We modelled movement corridors using least-cost path and circuit theory methods, evaluated their predictive power and quantified connectivity changes resulting from the planned fencing. 4. Our results suggest that fencing will not cause landscape fragmentation and will not change functional landscape connectivity dramatically. However, fencing will lead to a loss of connectivity locally and will increase the potential for HEC in new areas. We estimated that wetlands important for movement corridors will be more intensively used by the elephants, which may also cause problems of overgrazing. Seasonal analysis highlighted an increasing usage of non-protected lands in the dry season and equal importance of the pinch point wetlands for preserving overall function connectivity. 5. Synthesis and applications. Fencing is a solution to small-scale HEC problems, but will not solve the issue at a broader scale. Moreover, our results highlight that it may intensify the conflicts and overuse of habitat patches in other areas, thereby negating any conservation benefits. If fencing is employed on a broader scale, then it is imperative that corridors are integrated within the protected area network to ensure local connectivity of affected species.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: The relationship between plumage colouration, problem-solving and learning performance in great tits Parus major

Recent studies suggest that individuals with better problem-solving and/or learning performance have greater reproductive success, and that individuals may thus benefit from choosing mates based on these performances. However, directly assessing these performances in candidate mates could be difficult. Instead, the use of indirect cues related to problem-solving and/or learning performance, such as condition-dependent phenotypic traits, might be favored. We investigated whether problem-solving and learning performance on a novel non-foraging task correlated with sexually selected plumage colouration in a natural population of great tits Parus major. We found that males successful in solving the task had darker blue-black crowns than non-solvers, and that males solving the task more rapidly over multiple attempts (i.e. learners) exhibited blue-black crowns with higher UV chroma and shorter-wavelength hues than non-learners. In contrast, we found no link between behavioural performance on the task and the yellow breast colouration in either sex. Our findings suggest that blue-black crown colouration could serve as a signal of problem-solving and learning performance in wild great tit males. Further research remains necessary to determine whether different sexually selected traits are used to signal cognitive performance for mate choice, either directly (i.e. cognitive performance influencing individual's health and ornamentation through diet for example) or indirectly (i.e. due to a correlation with a third factor such as individual quality or condition).

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Two new phragmotic ant species from Africa: morphology and next-generation sequencing solve a caste association problem in the genus Carebara Westwood

Phragmotic or "door head" ants have evolved independently in several ant genera across the world, but in Africa only one case has been documented until now. Carebara elmenteitae (Patrizi) is known from only a single phragmotic major worker collected from sifted leaf-litter near Lake Elmenteita in Kenya, but here the worker castes of two species collected from Kakamega Forest, a small rainforest in Western Kenya, are studied. Phragmotic major workers were previously identified as Carebara elmenteitae and non-phragmotic major and minor workers were assigned to C. thoracica (Weber). Using evidence of both morphological and next-generation sequencing analysis, it is shown that phragmotic and non-phragmotic workers of the two different species are actually the same and that neither name – C. elmenteitae or C. thoracica – correctly applies to them. Instead, this and another closely related species from Ivory Coast are both morphologically different from C. elmenteitae, and thus they are described as the new species Carebara phragmotica sp. n. and Carebara lilith sp. n.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2016View details →

Dataset of some transition state problems solved with a deterministic global optimization method.

Data of all solutions found for each problem and data for each (iterations vs open nodes) graph.

opencc-zeroJun 2016View details →

A novel method for evaluation of problem solving among anesthesiologists

Data used in accordance to validation of the CRT items which could be used to evaluate medical decision making among physicians (namely, anesthesiologists) working in emergency departments.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Data for "Solving the OH + glyoxal problem: A complete theoretical description of post transition state energy deposition in activated systems."

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Subset of instances used in article "On solving the 1.5-dimensional cutting stock problem with heterogeneous slitting lines allocation in the steel industry"

The dataset presented is part of the one used in the article "On solving the 1.5-dimensional cutting stock problem with heterogeneous slitting lines allocation in the steel industry" by María Sierra-Paradinas, Óscar Soto-Sánchez, Antonio Alonso-Ayuso, F. Javier Martín-Campo and Micael Gallego, in Computers & Industrial Engineering (2024), doi: <a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2024.110120" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2024.110120</a>. This paper proposes a mathematical optimisation model for a cutting stock problem in the steel industry. This problem appears in a Spanish company and the proposed model has been tested on real orders received by the company. The dataset presented here includes twelve instances used in the paper (the rest cannot be presented for confidentiality reasons). For each instance, the characteristics of the order and the solution obtained by the model are provided.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PROBLEM SOLVING PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI SATAP SULABESI SELATAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kemampuan problem solving siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri Satap Sulabesi Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan data tes. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri Satap Sulabesi Selatan yang berjumlah 23 siswa. Sampel pada penelitian ini sama dengan popualasi yaitu semua siswa kelas VIII. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal tes materi bangun ruang sisi datar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mengonversi data kuantitatif menjadi data kualitatif skala lima. Berdasarkan analisis data maka maka dapat diketahui bahwa kemampuan problem solving siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri Satap Sulabesi Selatan pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar dalam kategori rendah. Kemampuan problem solving siswa kelas VIII pada kompetensi dasar Mengidentifikasi sifat-sifat kubus, balok, prisma dan limas serta bagian-bagiannya dalam kategori cukup. Pada kompetensi dasar membuat jaring-jaring kubus, balok, prisma dan limas kemampuan problem solving siswa dalam kategori rendah. Pada kompetensi dasar menghitung luas permukaan dan volume kubus, balok, prisma dan limas kemampuan problem solving siswa dalam kategori rendah.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

A comparison of model-based and model-free agents in solving semi-automatically generated PPDDL problems - Plots

A collection of all plots generated for deriving the conclusions seen in "A comparison of model-based and model-free agents in solving semi-automatically generated PPDDL problems".

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Links between personality traits and problem-solving performance in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time or contexts (i.e., personality types) have been found in many species and have implications for fitness. Likewise, individual variation in cognitive abilities has been shown to impact fitness. Cognition and personality are complex, multidimensional traits. However, previous work has generally examined the connection between a single personality trait and a single cognitive ability, yielding equivocal results. Links between personality and cognitive ability suggest that behavioural traits coevolved and highlight their nuanced connections. Here we examined individuals' performance on multiple personality tests and repeated problem-solving tests (each measuring innovative performance). We assessed behavioural traits (dominance, boldness, activity, risk-taking, aggressiveness, and obstinacy) in 41 captive zebra finches. Birds' scores for boldness and obstinacy were consistent over two years. We also examined whether personality correlated with problem-solving performance on repeated tests. Our results indicate that neophobia, dominance, and obstinacy were related to successful solving, and less dominant, more obstinate birds solved the tasks quicker on average. Our results indicate the importance of examining multiple measures over a long period. Future work that identifies links between personality and innovation in non-model organisms may elucidate the coevolution of these two forms of individual differences.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Dataset and Additional Information for the paper A LINEAR-ALGEBRAIC MODEL FOR ESTIMATING ANTI-LEARNING WHEN A DECISION TREE SOLVES THE PARITY BIT PROBLEM, by ALEXEI LISITSA and ALEXEI VERNITSKI (submitted)

This upload contains a dataset and additional information for the paper A LINEAR-ALGEBRAIC MODEL FOR ESTIMATING ANTI-LEARNING WHEN A DECISION TREE SOLVES THE PARITY BIT PROBLEM, by ALEXEI LISITSA and  ALEXEI VERNITSKI (submitted)

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Foraging on anthropogenic food predicts problem-solving skills in a seabird

Species and populations with greater cognitive performance are more successful at adapting to changing habitats. Accordingly, urban species and populations often outperform their rural counterparts on problem-solving tests. Paradoxically, urban foraging also might be detrimental to the development and integrity of animals' brains because anthropogenic foods often lack essential nutrients such as the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are important for cognitive performance in mammals and possibly birds. We tested whether urbanization or consumption of EPA and DHA are associated with problem-solving abilities in ring-billed gulls, a seabird that historically exploited marine environments rich in omega-3 fatty acids but now also thrives in urban centres. Using incubating adults nesting across a range of rural to urban colonies with equal access to the ocean, we tested whether urban gulls preferentially consumed anthropogenic food while rural nesters relied on marine organisms. As we expected individual variation in foraging habits within nesting location, we characterized each captured gulls' diet using stable isotope and fatty acid analyses of their red blood cells. To test their problem-solving abilities, we presented the sampled birds with a horizontal rendition of the string-pull test, a foraging puzzle often used in animal cognitive studies. The isotopic and fatty acid profiles of urban nesters indicated a diet comprising primarily anthropogenic food, whereas the profiles of rural nesters indicated a high reliance on marine organisms. Despite the gulls' degree of access to urban foraging habitat not predicting solving success, birds with biochemical profiles reflecting anthropogenic food (less DHA and a higher carbon-13 ratio in their red blood cells) had a greater probability of solving the string-pull test. These results suggest that experience foraging on anthropogenic food is the main explanatory factor leading to successful problem-solving, while regular consumption of omega-3s during incubation appears inconsequential.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Assessing user stories: the influence of template differences and gender-related problem-solving styles - Supplemental material

Here we include the supplementary material that may be used as a replication package for the quasi-experiment reported in the paper "Assessing user stories: the influence of template differences and gender-related problem-solving styles", submitted to REJ Special Issue - RE 2021.

Fig. 9 in Corbiculate Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Exploring the Limits of Morphological Data to Solve a Hard Phylogenetic Problem

Fig. 9. Micrographs of the meso/metafurca complex of female representatives of apine bees, dorsal view, anterior to the top. (a) Centris analis (Fabricius, 1804). (b) Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758). (c) Bombus pauloensis Friese, 1913. (d) Tetragonula carbonaria (Smith, 1854). (e) Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758. (f) Schematic representation depicting the general anatomy and relative positions of the elements of the internal morphology of mesosoma. Solid arrow indicates the meso/metafurca complex in dorsal view. Arrowheads indicate morphological conditions coded as character states. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 6 in Corbiculate Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Exploring the Limits of Morphological Data to Solve a Hard Phylogenetic Problem

Fig. 6. Micrographs of the prosternum of female representatives of apine bees, dorsal view, anterior to the top. (a) Centris analis (Fabricius, 1804). (b) Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758). (c) Bombus pauloensis Friese, 1913. (d) Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811. (e) Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758. (f) Schematic representation depicting the general anatomy and relative positions of the elements of the complex of the propectus. Solid arrow indicates the prosternum in dorsal view. Arrowheads indicate morphological conditions coded as character states. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Corbiculate Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Exploring the Limits of Morphological Data to Solve a Hard Phylogenetic Problem

Fig. 3. Bar charts showing frequencies (y-axis) of characters in each homoplasy class (x-axis) for each anatomy-based partition (i.e., HD, MP, … GN/ST). Bar heights indicate the proportion from the total number of characters in each anatomy-based partition that would fall into a particular homoplasy class as defined in the Bayesian analysis based on homoplasy scores. For example, the high frequency of ~0.4 in the 0.0 homoplasy class of leg characters (LG) shows that most characters from this anatomical region are perfectly congruent (i.e., zero homoplasy) with the implied weights parsimony tree. Abbreviations: H: mean homoplasy value across characters in a given partition; HD: head characters (except mouthparts); MP: mouthpart characters; MS: mesosomal characters (except legs and wings); LG: leg characters; WG: wing characters; MT: metasomal characters (except genitalia/sting); GN/ST: characters from the male genitalia and female sting apparatus.

Fig. 11 in Corbiculate Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Exploring the Limits of Morphological Data to Solve a Hard Phylogenetic Problem

Fig. 11. Micrographs of the mesophragma of female representatives of apine bees, posterior view, dorsal to the top. (a) Centris analis (Fabricius, 1804). (b) Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758). (c) Bombus pauloensis Friese, 1913. (d) Tetragonula carbonaria (Smith, 1854). (e) Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758. (f) Schematic representation depicting the general anatomy and relative positions of the elements of the internal morphology of mesosoma. Solid arrow indicates the mesophragma in posterior view. Arrowheads indicate morphological conditions coded as character states. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.