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FIGURE 2 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 2. Qwaqwaia scolopiae, adult female: A) mesosoma, lateral view. B) propodeum. C) metasoma, lateral view. D) metasoma, ventral view. E) detail of hypopigium. F) metatarsal claw.

FIGURE 1 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 1. Qwaqwaia scolopiae, adult female: A) head, anterior view. B) head, posterior view. C) antenna. D) detail of last flagellomeres of antenna. E) detail of the placodeal sensillae on last flagellomeres. F) mesosoma, dorsal view. G) pronotum.

FIGURE 7 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 7. Galls induced by Qwaqwaia scolopiae on Scolopia mundii: A) young galls. B–D) mature galls, some showing exit holes. E–F) sections of galls containing live larvae.

FIGURE 10. A in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 10. A) Head anterior view of Ceroptres clavicornis. B) head anterior view of Synergus crassicornis. C) head posterior view of Synergus ibericus Tavares. D) head posterior view of Xestophanes potentillae. E) mesosoma lateral view of Trigonaspis synaspis (Hartig) bisex. gen. F–G) metasoma lateral view: F) Diplolepis rosae. G) Phanacis helminthiae (Stefani). H) Synergus gabrieli Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero. I) Ceroptres clavicornis. J) Callirhytis glandium (Giraud) parth. gen. K–O) hypopygium ventral view: K) Aulacidea martae (lateral view); L) Synergus ibericus. M) Amphibolips castroviejoi Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey bisex. gen. N) Andricus grossulariae Giraud parth. gen. O) Cynips divisa parth. gen.

opennotspecifiedDec 2014View details →

FIGURES 1–4. 1 in A new species of Afroarabiella Yakovlev, 2008 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from the Republic of South Africa, including a world catalogue of the genus

FIGURES 1–4. 1. Distribution map of members of the genus Afroarabiella. 2. Afroarabiella namaquensis Yakovlev, sp. nov., holotype. 3. Afroarabiella namaquensis Yakovlev, sp. nov., genitalia of holotype. 4. Type locality of Afroarabiella namaquensis Yakovlev, sp. nov. (photo by Vasilij Anikin).

FIGURE 31 in A new species of the genus Anthaxia (Anthaxia) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 31. Distribution of Anthaxia (s.str.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903 and Anthaxia (s.str.) kamieserrima Obořil & Baňař, 2015

FIGURES 17–20. 17, 19 in A new species of the genus Anthaxia (Anthaxia) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Republic of South Africa

FIGURES 17–20. 17, 19, Anthaxia (s.str.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903, male; 18, 20, Anthaxia (s.str.) kamieserrima Obořil & Baňař, 2015, male holotype; 17–18, pronotum, dorsal view; 19–20, elytra, dorsal view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 21–30. 21, 22, 25, 27 in A new species of the genus Anthaxia (Anthaxia) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Republic of South Africa

FIGURES 21–30. 21, 22, 25, 27, Anthaxia (s.str.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903, male; 29, Anthaxia (s.str.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903, female, 23, 24, 26, 28, Anthaxia (s.str.) kamieserrima sp. nov. Obořil & Baňař, 2015, male holotype; 30, Anthaxia (s.str.) kamieserrima sp. nov. Obořil & Baňař, 2015, female paratype; 21, 23, aedeagus, dorsal view; 22, 24, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; 25, 26, right hind leg, postero-ventral view; 27–30, anal ventrite. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 9–16. 9, 11, 13, 15 in A new species of the genus Anthaxia (Anthaxia) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Republic of South Africa

FIGURES 9–16. 9, 11, 13, 15, Anthaxia (s.str.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903, male; 10, 12, 14, 16, Anthaxia (s.str.) kamieserrima sp. nov. Obořil & Baňař, 2015, male holotype; 9–10, head and pronotum, lateral view; 11–12, head, strictly dorsal view; 13–14, right antenna, dorsal view; 15–16, pronotum, dorsal view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 5–8. 5–6 in A new species of the genus Anthaxia (Anthaxia) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Republic of South Africa

FIGURES 5–8. 5–6, Anthaxia (s.str.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903, male (6.19 mm); 7–8, Anthaxia (s.str.) kamieserrima Obořil & Baňař, 2015, male holotype, (6.84 mm); 5, 7, dorsal habitus; 6, 8, ventral habitus.

FIGURES 1–4. 1, 3 in A new species of the genus Anthaxia (Anthaxia) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Republic of South Africa

FIGURES 1–4. 1, 3, Anthaxia (s.str.) aterrima Kerremans, 1903, male lectotype, (5.99 mm); 2, 4, Anthaxia (s.str.) braunsi Obenberger, 1922b, male lectotype, (6.14 mm); 1, 2, dorsal habitus and dissected aedeagus; 3, 4, original labels.

opennotspecifiedDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 1 in Chilocoris capensis n. sp., the first species of the genus Chilocoris Mayr, 1865 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) recorded in the Republic of South Africa with an annotated checklist of South African burrower bugs

FIGURE 1. Chilocoris capensis (A–C, E, G) and Ch. laevicollis (D, F, H): (A) body dorsal view; (B) head, dorsal view; (C–D) paramere, dorsal view; (E–F) male pygophore opening, dorsal view; (G–H) corium, dorsal view.

Distribution. Sub-Saharan Africa; virtually eradicated from W Africa, and greatly reduced in C and NE Africa. The largest populations exist in Botswana, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, which account for approximately half of the estimated number of African Wild Dogs remaining in the wild. Other populations occur in Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, and Zambia. Potential small populations (less than 100 individuals) may exist in Cameroon, Chad, Senegal, and Somalia. in Canidae

Distribution. Sub-Saharan Africa; virtually eradicated from W Africa, and greatly reduced in C and NE Africa. The largest populations exist in Botswana, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, which account for approximately half of the estimated number of African Wild Dogs remaining in the wild. Other populations occur in Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, and Zambia. Potential small populations (less than 100 individuals) may exist in Cameroon, Chad, Senegal, and Somalia.

Subspecies and distribution. A. p. paludinosus Cuvier, 1829 — S South Africa. A. p. macrodon JA. Allen, 1924 — Central African Republic through Congo republics to Rwanda and Burundi. A. p. mutis Thomas, 1902 — Ethiopia. A. p. mordax Thomas, 1912 — S Tanzania. A. p. pluto Temminck, 1853 — Senegal to Nigeria. A. p. robustus Gray, 1865 — Chad and Sudan. A. p. rubellus Thomas & Wroughton, 1908 — Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. A. p. rubescens Hollister, 1912 — N Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. A. p. spadiceus Cabrera, 1921 — Cameroon to Gabon. A. p. transvaalensis Roberts, 1933 — N South Africa to Angola and Zambia. in Herpestidae

Subspecies and distribution. A. p. paludinosus Cuvier, 1829 — S South Africa. A. p. macrodon JA. Allen, 1924 — Central African Republic through Congo republics to Rwanda and Burundi. A. p. mutis Thomas, 1902 — Ethiopia. A. p. mordax Thomas, 1912 — S Tanzania. A. p. pluto Temminck, 1853 — Senegal to Nigeria. A. p. robustus Gray, 1865 — Chad and Sudan. A. p. rubellus Thomas & Wroughton, 1908 — Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. A. p. rubescens Hollister, 1912 — N Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. A. p. spadiceus Cabrera, 1921 — Cameroon to Gabon. A. p. transvaalensis Roberts, 1933 — N South Africa to Angola and Zambia.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Distribution. Widely but patchily distributed in open areas ranging from E Chad and N Central African Republic to extreme W Ethiopia, then south through most of E Africa to N South Africa, Namibia, and C Angola. in Manidae

Distribution. Widely but patchily distributed in open areas ranging from E Chad and N Central African Republic to extreme W Ethiopia, then south through most of E Africa to N South Africa, Namibia, and C Angola.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

Distribution. Sub-Saharan Africa; virtually eradicated from W Africa, and greatly reduced in C and NE Africa. The largest populations exist in Botswana, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, which account for approximately half of the estimated number of African Wild Dogs remaining in the wild. Other populations occur in Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, and Zambia. Potential small populations (less than 100 individuals) may exist in Cameroon, Chad, Senegal, and Somalia. in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. Pl. azandica]. A. Allen, 1924 — NE Zaire. P. l. bleyenberghi Lonnberg, 1914 — S Zaire, Zambia, and Angola. P. l. kruger: Roberts, 1929 — NW (Kalahari), N, and SE South Africa. P.l. nubica de Blainville, 1843 — NE and E Africa. P.l. persica Meyer, 1826 — from Iraq to C India in the 19" century; now restricted to the Gir Forest, India. P. l. senegalensis Meyer, 1826 — West Africa E to the Central African Republic. in Felidae

Subspecies and Distribution. Pl. azandica]. A. Allen, 1924 — NE Zaire. P. l. bleyenberghi Lonnberg, 1914 — S Zaire, Zambia, and Angola. P. l. kruger: Roberts, 1929 — NW (Kalahari), N, and SE South Africa. P.l. nubica de Blainville, 1843 — NE and E Africa. P.l. persica Meyer, 1826 — from Iraq to C India in the 19" century; now restricted to the Gir Forest, India. P. l. senegalensis Meyer, 1826 — West Africa E to the Central African Republic.

opennotspecifiedOct 2019View details →

Distribution. Widely but patchily in W Africa (Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Ghana), C Africa (Central African Republic, DR Congo, W Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi), E Africa (Kenya and Tanzania), and S Africa (Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and E South Africa). in Molossidae

Distribution. Widely but patchily in W Africa (Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Ghana), C Africa (Central African Republic, DR Congo, W Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi), E Africa (Kenya and Tanzania), and S Africa (Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and E South Africa).