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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Seaweed In Nuclear Winter Data Repository

The Seaweed In Nuclear Winter Data Repository contains all the necessary environmental data to run the Seaweed Growth Model and simulate the potential growth of seaweed in the aftermath of a nuclear war. This data is derived from ocean simulations for a nuclear winter scenario and includes a control run and simulations for different levels of soot emissions into the atmosphere, ranging from 5 to 150 Tg. The data in this repository can be used as input for the Seaweed Growth Model, which is available in a separate repository (<a href="https://github.com/allfed/Seaweed-Growth-Model">https://github.com/allfed/Seaweed-Growth-Model</a>). The model simulates the growth of seaweed in a nuclear winter scenario. Instructions on how to run it can be found in the code repository.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) in IMTA with abalone and seaweed: growth and survival

Growth and survival of flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) grown in co-culture (IMTA) with abalone and seaweed in a sea-based system in Aber Wrac'h estuary (Bretagne, France).

FIG. 5 in Genetic affinities and biogeography of putative Levantine-endemic seaweed Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (Phaeophyceae)

FIG. 5. — Cross sections of the thallus of Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov.: A, primary branch; B, detail of the three vegetative tissues at Tel Shikmona; C, primary branch; D, detail of the three vegetative tissues from Achziv. Scale bars: A, 50 µm; B, 200 µm; C, 100 µm; D, 20 µm. Abbreviations: mt, meristoderm; c, cortex; m, medulla.

FIG. 4 in Genetic affinities and biogeography of putative Levantine-endemic seaweed Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (Phaeophyceae)

FIG. 4. — Morphology of Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov., at Tel Shikmona, Israel (May 2018, voucher IOLR-MM00641): A, habitus of specimen; B, holdfast; C, detail of apical part of branches with receptacles, packed, cylindrical and spiny. Scale bars: A, 4 cm; B, C, 2 cm.

FIG. 3 in Genetic affinities and biogeography of putative Levantine-endemic seaweed Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (Phaeophyceae)

FIG. 3. — Typical morphology of Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov., at Achziv, Israel (May 2019, voucher IOLR - AmR1652019): A, habitus of specimens; B, apex with smooth tophules; C, detail of apical part of slightly spiny branches with receptacles; D, holdfast. Scale bars: A, C, 2 cm; B, D, 1 cm.

FIG. 2 in Genetic affinities and biogeography of putative Levantine-endemic seaweed Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (Phaeophyceae)

FIG. 2. — Phylogenetic affinities of Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (synonym of C. rayssiae): A, bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus COI tree of selected species of Cystoseira sensu lato (including Cystoseira sensu stricto, Carpodesmia Greville and Treptacantha Kützing) and related genera, showing the phylogenetic position of Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. Numbers above the branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.50) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values, respectively. The outgroup used was represented by Stephanocystis Trevisan, C. compressa (Esper) Gerloff & Nizamuddin and Sargassum C.Agardh; B, neighbour-joining network of COI sequences of T. rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov., and related taxa. Terminal black circles correspond to unique sequences/taxa and are sized to their frequency. Small white circles represent internal nodes and perpendicular dashes along branches represent unique base-pair mutations between sequences/taxa. Branch lengths not to scale. Scale bar: A, 0.02 BIPP (Bayesian Inference Posterior Probability).

APPENDIX 1. — Bayesian 50 in Genetic affinities and biogeography of putative Levantine-endemic seaweed Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (Phaeophyceae)

APPENDIX 1. — Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus COI tree of Treptacantha Kützing (sensu Orellana et al. (2019) synonym of Cystoseira C.Agardh clade VI of Draisma et al. (2010), unique sequences only), showing the phylogenetic position of T. rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.50) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values, respectively. The outgroup used is T. abies-marina (S.G.Gmelin) C.Agardh, the most divergent of the genus (Bruno de Sousa et al. 2019). Scale bar: 0.006 BIPP (Bayesian Inference Posterior Probability).

FIG. 1 in Genetic affinities and biogeography of putative Levantine-endemic seaweed Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (Phaeophyceae)

FIG. 1. —Reported distribution of Treptacantha rayssiae (Ramon) M.Mulas, J.Neiva & Á.Israel, comb. nov. (synonym of Cystoseira rayssiae): A, occurrence records based on literature records; B, distribution (black dots) in Israeli Mediterranean Sea shores as reported in Ramon (2000) based on herbaria collections. The squares indicate the origin of samples analyzed in this study: Achziv (Gesher Haziv), Tel Shikmona and HaBonim.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Non-indigenous seaweed records in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Macaronesia

This dataset accompanies the publication "Non-indigenous seaweeds in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Macaronesia: a critical synthesis of diversity, spatial and temporal patterns" (van der Loos, Bafort, Bosch, et al. 2023). The dataset is a compilation of non-indigenous marine seaweed species records from three main regions, namely the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (excluding Greenland), the Mediterranean Sea and Macaronesia. A total of 19,724 records of non-indigenous seaweed records were collected dating from 1808 to 2022.  For each record, this dataset contains the following information: SPECIES_SCIENTIFIC_NAME: Currently accepted scientific species name of the record (as of April 2023) ORIGINAL_RECORD_SCIENTIFIC_NAME: Scientific name that was originally used in the record YEAR: Year in which the specimen was recorded. Where possible, this date refers to the year the species was first observed rather than when the record was published. In the absence of such information the date refers to the year the first record was published. LATITUDE: Latitude LONGITUDE: Longitude AREA: Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Macaronesia, or the Mediterranean Sea COUNTRY: Country where the specimen was recorded LOCATION: Location where the specimen was recorded LIFE_STAGE: For some records the life stage (gametophyte, sporophyte, tetrasporophyte) has been recorded DRIFT: Records reported as drifting material are noted in this column as "drift" DATA_SOURCE: The data source (e.g., publication, project data, herbarium specimen, personal data) REFERENCE: The reference

publicDec 2022View details →

Data from: Range-edge populations of seaweeds show niche unfilling and poor adaptation to increased temperatures

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publicApr 2024View details →

Data from: Deep-living and diverse Antarctic seaweeds are potentially important contributors to global carbon fixation

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publicNov 2024View details →

Data from: Adaptation in the Anthropocene: How behavioural choice and colour change enables chameleon prawns to camouflage on non‐native seaweeds

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publicJan 2023View details →

Data for: Economic and biophysical limits to seaweed farming for climate change mitigation

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opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Seaweed functional diversity revisited: confronting traditional groups with quantitative traits

1. Macroalgal (seaweed) beds and forests fuel coastal ecosystems and are rapidly reorganising under global change, but quantifying their functional structure still relies on binning species into coarse groups on the assumption that they adequately capture relevant underlying traits. 2. To interrogate this 'group gambit', we measured 12 traits relating to competitive dominance and resource economics across 95 macroalgal species collected from the UK and widespread on North-East Atlantic rocky shores. We assessed the amount of trait variation explained by commonly-used traditional groups – (i) two schemes based on gross morphology and anatomy and (ii) two categorisations of vertical space use – and examined species reclassification into post hoc, so-called emergent groups arising from the functional trait dataset. We then offer an alternative, emergent grouping scheme of macroalgal functional diversity. 3. (i) Morphology and anatomy-based groups explained slightly more than a third of multivariate trait expression with considerable group overlap (i.e. low precision) and extensive mismatch with underlying trait expression (i.e. low accuracy). (ii) Categorisations of vertical space use accounted for about a quarter of multivariate trait expression with considerable group overlap. Nonetheless, turf species tended to display attributes of opportunistic forms. (iii) A nine-group emergent scheme provided a highly explanatory and parsimonious alternative to traditional functional groupings. 4. Synthesis: Our analysis using a comprehensive dataset of directly measured functional traits revealed a general mismatch between traditional groups and underlying traits, highlighting the deficiencies of the group gambit in macroalgae. While existing grouping schemes may allow first order approximations, they risk considerable loss of information at the trait and, potentially, ecosystem levels. Instead, we call for further development of a trait-based approach to macroalgal functional ecology to capture unfolding community and ecosystem changes with greater accuracy and generality.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Datasets: thermal plasticity is independent of environmental history in an intertidal seaweed

Organisms inhabiting the intertidal zonehave been used to study natural ecophysiological responses and adaptations to thermal stress because these organisms are routinely exposed to high-temperature conditions for hours at a time. While intertidal organisms may be inherently better at withstanding temperature stress due to regular exposure and acclimation, they could be more vulnerable to temperature stress, already living near the edge of their thermal limits. Strong gradients in thermal stress across the intertidal zone present an opportunity to test whether thermal tolerance is a plastic or canalized trait in intertidal organisms. Here, we studied the intertidal pool-dwelling calcified alga, Ellisolandia elongata, under near-future temperature regimes, and the dependence of its thermal acclimatization response on environmental history. Two timescales of environmental history were tested during this experiment. The intertidal pool of origin was representative of long-term environmental history over the alga's life (including settlement and development), while the pool it was transplanted into accounted for recent environmental history (acclimation over many months). Unexpectedly, neither long-term nor short-term environmental history, nor ambient conditions, affected photosynthetic rates in E. elongata. Individuals were plastic in their photosynthetic response to laboratory temperature treatments (mean 13.2°C, 15.7°C, and 17.7°C). Further, replicate ramets from the same individual were not always consistent in their photosynthetic performance from one experimental time point to another or between treatments, and exhibited no clear trend in variability over experimental time. High variability in climate change responses between individuals may indicate the potential for resilience to future conditions, and thus may play a compensatory role at the population or species level over time.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

Propagule composition regulates the success of an invasive seaweed across a heterogeneous seascape

1. Propagule pressure is acknowledged as a key determinant of invasion success. Nonetheless, the role of morphological or physiological attributes of propagules (i.e., their quality) in regulating invader establishment has been little explored. In particular, no study has investigated how the presence of propagules differing in quality within an inoculum influences establishment across heterogeneous landscapes. 2. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that the quality (+Fronds+Rhizoids; +Fronds–Rhizoids; –Fronds+Rhizoids) and the diversity (1, 2, 3 fragment types) of vegetative fragments of the seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia determine their establishment success across seascapes consisting of bare sediments and patches of the seagrass Zostera muelleri exposed to different disturbance intensities (control, seagrass canopy clipping and total removal). 3. After 6 weeks, seaweed biomass, stolon and frond length, frond and rhizoid number were generally greater in unvegetated habitats (bare sediments and total seagrass removal) than full or reduced seagrass canopies. The type and the diversity of types of fragments inoculated had significant effects on the final biomass and morphological features of C. taxifolia only in vegetated habitats. In control plots, inocula of fragments retaining both fronds and rhizoids achieved higher biomass, developed longer stolons and more fronds. In canopy clipping plots, mixed inocula of +Fronds+Rhizoids and –Fronds+Rhizoids fragments had the greatest biomass and stolon length. 4. Synthesis. Assessing how propagules differing in quality perform in different habitats might be not sufficient to draw a comprehensive picture of invasion risk, as their establishment can be modulated by both negative and positive interactions among them. Propagule composition should be, therefore, considered as a further dimension of propagule pressure. Our results also suggest that the relevance of specific propagule traits for invader establishment decreases from intact to degraded habitats. Considering propagule size in terms of amount of competent propagules, rather than an absolute measure, would refine our ability of predicting invasion risk across habitats differing in biotic or abiotic conditions.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Data for: Effect of seaweed canopy disturbance on understory microbial communities on rocky shores

The collapse of macroalgal habitats is altering the structure of benthic communities on rocky shores globally. Nonetheless, how the loss of canopy-forming macroalgae influences the structure of epilithic microbial communities is yet to be explored. Here, we used experimental field manipulations and 16S-rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing to determine the effects of macroalgal loss on the understorey bacterial communities and their relationship with epiphytic bacteria on macroalgae. Beds of the fucoid Hormosira banksii were exposed to different levels of disturbance resulting in five treatments: (i) 100% removal of Hormosira individuals, (ii) 50% removal, (iii) no removal, (iv) a procedural control that mimicked the removal process, but no Hormosira was removed and (v) adjacent bare rock. Canopy cover, bacterial communities (epilithic and epiphytic) and benthic macroorganisms were monitored for 16 months. Results showed that reductions in canopy cover rapidly altered understory bacterial diversity and composition. Hormosira canopies in 50% and 100% removal plots showed signs of recovery over time, but understory epilithic bacterial communities remained distinct throughout the experiment in plots that experienced full Hormosira removal. Changes in bacterial communities were not related to changes in other benthic macroorganisms. These results demonstrate that understory epilithic bacterial communities respond rapidly to environmental disturbances at small scales and these changes can be long-lasting. A deeper knowledge of the ecological role of understory epilithic microbial communities is needed to better understand potential cascading effects of disturbances on the functioning of macroalgal-dominated systems.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Season-specific impacts of climate change on canopy-forming seaweed communities

Understory assemblages associated with canopy-forming species such as trees, kelps, and rockweeds should respond strongly to climate stressors due to strong interaction strengths. Climate change can directly and indirectly modify these assemblages, particularly during more stressful seasons and climate scenarios. However, fully understanding the seasonal impacts of different climate conditions on canopy-reliant assemblages is difficult due to a continued emphasis on studying single species responses to a single future climate scenario during a single season. To examine these more complex interactions, we used mesocosm experiments to expose intertidal assemblages associated with the canopy-forming golden rockweed, Silvetia compressa, to elevated temperature and pCO2 conditions reflecting two projected greenhouse emission scenarios [RCP 2.6 (low) & RCP 4.5 (moderate)]. Assemblages were grown in the presence and absence of Silvetia, and in two seasons. Relative to ambient conditions, predicted climate scenarios generally suppressed Silvetia biomass and photosynthetic efficiency. However, these effects varied seasonally - both future scenarios reduced Silvetia biomass in summer, but only the moderate scenario did so in winter. These reductions shifted the assemblage, with more extreme shifts occurring in summer. Contrarily, future scenarios did not shift assemblages within Silvetia Absent treatments, suggesting that climate primarily affected assemblages indirectly through changes in Silvetia. Mesocosm experiments were coupled with a field Silvetia-removal experiment to simulate the effects of climate-mediated Silvetia loss on natural assemblages. Consistent with the mesocosm experiment, Silvetia loss resulted in season-specific assemblage shifts, with weaker effects observed in winter. Together, our study supports the hypotheses that climate-mediated changes to canopy-forming species can indirectly affect the associated assemblage, and that these effects vary seasonally. Such seasonality is important to consider as it may provide periods of recovery when conditions are less stressful, especially if we can reduce the severity of future climate scenarios.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Global biogeography and diversification of a group of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) driven by clade-specific evolutionary processes

Aim: Historical processes that shaped current diversity patterns of seaweeds remain poorly understood. Using Dictyotales, a globally distributed order of brown seaweeds as a model, we test if historical biogeographical and diversification patterns are comparable across clades. Dictyotales contain some 22 genera, three of which, Dictyota, Lobophora and Padina, are exceptionally diverse. Specifically we test if the evolutionary processes in these clades that shaped their latitudinal diversity patterns are in line with the tropical conservatism, the out-of-the-tropics, and diversification rate hypotheses. Location: Global coastal benthic marine environments. Taxon: Dictyotales (Phaeophyceae) Methods: Species diversity was inferred using DNA-based species delineation, addressing cryptic diversity and circumventing taxonomic problems. A six-gene time-calibrated phylogeny, distribution data of 3,755 specimens, and probabilistic modeling of geographic range evolution was used to infer historical biogeographical patterns. The phylogeny was tested against different trait dependent models in order to compare diversification rates for different geographical units as well as different thermal affinities. Results: The Dictyotales originated in the Middle Jurassic and reach a current peak of species diversity in the Central Indo-Pacific. Ancestral range estimation points to a southern hemisphere origin of Dictyotales corresponding to the tropical southern Tethys Sea. Our results demonstrate that diversification rates were generally higher in tropical regions, but increased diversification rates in different clades are driven by different processes. Three major clades underwent a major diversification burst in the early Cenozoic, with Dictyota and Padina expanding their distribution into temperate regions, while Lobophora retained a predominantly tropical niche. Main conclusions: Our results are consistent with both the tropical conservatism hypothesis, in which clades originate and remain in the tropics (Lobophora), and the out-of-the-tropics scenario, where taxa originate and expand towards the temperate regions while preserving their presence in the tropics (Dictyota, Padina).