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Figure 9 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 9 - Illacme plenipes ♀ with 170 segments and 662 legs (specimen # SPC000931). Top inset, 2× magnified view of posterior segments with corkscrew-shaped metenteron visible through cuticle; bottom inset, 3× magnified illustration of corkscrew-shaped metenteron. Scale bar 1 mm.

Figure 8 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 8 - Lateral (right) view of antennal and cephalic apices (♂). a Scanning electron micrograph: arrow, denticulate shelf-like carina, projecting dorsally from labrum-epistome margin. Scale bar 0.1 mm b Line drawing: top arrow, shelf-like carina; middle arrow, triangular tooth-lined orifice; bottom arrow, gnathochilarium. Scale bar 0.01 mm.

Figure 30 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 30 - Sandstone microhabitat of Illacme plenipes.Top left, 50 kg sandstone from 29.xi.2005 rediscovery locality of Illacme plenipes; one ♀ with 666 legs was discovered from beneath the stone (scale bar = 5 cm, hand shovel shown for scale). Bottom left, 30 kg sandstone from the 16.xii.2007 locality, two ♀ (specimen #s: SPC001187, MIL0020) were discovered below the stone (scale bar = 5 cm, 15 cm ruler shown for scale). Top right, surface close up of sandstone from 16.xii.2007 locality with ♂ Illacme plenipes, not collected (scale bar = 5 mm). Bottom right, surface close up of sandstone from 29.xi.2005 locality with ♂ Illacme plenipes (specimen #: SPC000924, scale bar = 5 mm). Millipedes shown in right two pictures were found clinging to the surface of the stone.

Figure 7 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 7 - Dorsal view of anterior region of head and labrum (♂). a Scanning electron micrograph: arrow, labrum with triangular tooth-lined orifice b Line drawing: shaded area, triangular tooth-line orifice; arrow, gnathochilarium. Scale bar 0.02 mm.

Figure 2-5 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 2-5 - 2 Lateral (right) view of head and segments 1–5 (♂). a Lateral opening apparent between gnathochilarium and head capsule; gnathochilarium, mandible and head capsule noticeably separate at base, 1/3 head length distally from mandibular joint b Collum not covering head, with straight cephalic edge, gradually tapering laterally. Scale bar 0.5 mm. 3 Ventral view of head, antennae and segments 1 – 5 (♂).Scale bar 0.3 mm. 4 Lateral (right) view of antennomeres 5, 6 (♂).Arrow, small basiconic sensilla (Bs2) in cluster of 7 or 8 oriented apical dorsally (retrolaterally) in slight depression on antennomeres 5, 6. Scale bar 0.05 mm. 5 Oblique (right) view of right posterior gonopod (♂).Posterior gonopodal podomere 6 divided, comprising a bundle of 3 stylus-shaped articles. Scale bar 0.05 mm.

Figure 6 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 6 - Illustration of anterior and posterior gonopods (♂). a Posterior gonopod with podomeres labeled P1-6 b Anterior gonopod with podomeres labeled A1-6 c 3 stylus-shaped articles. Scale bar 0.05 mm.

Figure 31 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 31 - Subterranean soil microhabitat of Illacme plenipes. Left, sandstone crater; dotted line indicates crater's edges, arrows indicate two ♀ Illacme plenipes shown in situ upon removal of stone (specimen #s: SPC001187, MIL0020—lower individual with anterior trunk segments embedded in soil, upper individual with middle segments embedded in soil). Bottom middle, close up of lower individual from left image. Top right, dark sandy soil from microhabitat. Bottom right, close up of soil showing sandy grain structure.

Figure 28 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 28 - Habitat of Illacme plenipes. Top left, view of oak forest where Illacme plenipes were encountered. Top right, close up of oak forest and sandstone pinnacle where Illacme plenipes occur. Bottom, landscape view of oak forest, cattle trails evident (composite stitched image of three photos, image sides slightly distorted).

Figure 29 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 29 - Oak forest understory habitat of Illacme plenipes. Top, base of sandstone pinnacle (from Fig. 28), where specimens were found. Bottom, mossy oak forest—close-up of habitat where Illacme plenipes individuals were encountered.

Figure 1 from: Marek P, Shear W, Bond J (2012) A redescription of the leggiest animal, the millipede Illacme plenipes, with notes on its natural history and biogeography (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida, Siphonorhinidae). ZooKeys 241: 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.241.3831

Figure 1 - Niche-based distribution model inferred in Maxent. The model indicates predicted habitat suitability for Illacme plenipes based on climatic variables extracted from known geographical coordinates of the species. High levels of habitat suitability are denoted in blue and low levels in red (reverse heat map). Coordinates of recently collected specimens are indicated by a circle around the locations (northwest of the Gabilan Range) to preserve the confidentiality of sensitive habitat. Localities surveyed for additional populations of Illacme plenipes: 1 Frank Raines Park 2 Henry Coe State Park 3 Fremont Peak State Park 4 Pinnacles National Monument 5 Mount Madonna County Park 6 Alum Rock 7 Joseph D. Grant County Park 8 El Rancho Cienega del Gabilan.

Figure 2 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 2 - A Dorsal view of head, antennae and rings 1–5 of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 300 µm) B the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 300 µm) C Lateral (right) view of head and rings 1–5 of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 300 µm) D the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 300 µm). Illacme tobini sp. n.: E anterolateral (right) view of head and first leg pair (scale bar 100 µm) F lateral (left) view of head and first leg pair, antennae broken off at base (scale bar 100 µm). (Catalog #s: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735, Illacme plenipes SPC000932.)

Figure 20 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 20 - Habitat of Illacme tobini sp. n.: A Yucca Ridge, Sequoia National Park, California, with marble rocks exposed along ridge (center) B Woodland habitat on north facing slope of Yucca Canyon C–F Interior of marble cave.

Figure 16 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 16 - A dorsal view of right ozopore of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 100 µm) B the same of left ozopore of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 100 µm). I tobini sp. n.: C lateral (right) view of right ozopore from ring 106 (scale bar 20 µm) D dorsal view of trunk (scale bar 500 µm) E Ozopore of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 20 µm) F the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 20 µm). (Catalog #s: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735, Illacme plenipes SPC000932.)

Figure 6 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 6 - A Dorsolateral (left) view of tenth prozonite and metatergite of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 100 µm) B the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 100 µm) C Dorsal view of anterior region of head and labrum of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 10 µm) D the same of Illacme plenipes (the gnathochilarial apices can be seen projecting beneath the medially split labrum) (scale bar 10 µm). Illacme tobini sp. n.: E anterolateral (left) view of head and first leg pair (scale bar 50 µm) F anterior view of head with gnathochilarium open showing flabellate mandibles (scale bar 50 µm). (Catalog #s: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735, Illacme plenipes SPC000932.)

Figure 12 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 12 - Illacme tobini sp. n.: A spade-shaped anterior gonopod (leg pair 9) B stylus-shaped posterior gonopod (leg pair 10). Scale bar 50 µm. (Catalog #: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735.)

Figure 10 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 10 - A Dorsal view of trunk of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 200 µm) B the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 200 µm). C Dorsal view of left ozopore of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 50 µm) D the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 50 µm) E Dorsal view of metazonite posterior margin (limbus) of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 40 µm) F the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 50 µm). (Catalog #s: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735, Illacme plenipes SPC000932.)

Figure 1 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 1 - A Distribution of the millipede family Siphonorhinidae, and B of the genus Illacme. Terrestrial ecoregions according Olson et al. (2001).

Figure 19 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 19 - Illacme tobini sp. n.: A anteroventral view of left gonopod in situ (scale bar 30 µm) B ventrolateral (right) view of gonopods in situ (leg pairs 7, 8, 11 broken off at prefemur-femur joint) (scale bar 100 µm) C Medial view of right anterior gonopod of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 50 µm) D the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 50 µm). Illacme tobini sp. n.: E anterodorsal view of head with mouth open showing dorsal surface of left gnathochilarial stipe with unidentified brush-like structure (scale bar 5 µm) F ventral view of posterior rings (scale bar 500 µm). (Catalog #s: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735, Illacme plenipes SPC000932.)

Figure 11 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 11 - A Ventrolateral view of apodous ring, telson, hypoproct and paraprocts of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 300 µm) B the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 200 µm) C Lateral (right) view of gonopods—centered on right posterior gonopod—of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 50 µm) D the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 50 µm). (Catalog #s: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735, Illacme plenipes SPC000932.)

Figure 18 from: Marek PE, Krejca JK, Shear WA (2016) A new species of Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from Sequoia National Park, California, with a world catalog of the Siphonorhinidae (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida). ZooKeys 626: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.9681

Figure 18 - A Anteroventral view of rings 6–9 of Illacme tobini sp. n. with gonopods in situ (scale bar 400 µm) B ventrolateral (right) view of second leg pair with posteriorly oriented coxal gonapophyses (legs broken off at prefemur-femur joint) (scale bar 50 µm). C Medial view of right anterior gonopod of Illacme tobini sp. n. (scale bar 40 µm) D the same of Illacme plenipes (scale bar 50 µm). Illacme tobini sp. n.: E anteroventral view of gonopods in situ (scale bar 50 µm) F the same, close-up of right anterior gonopod (scale bar 30 µm). (Catalog #s: Illacme tobini sp. n. MPE00735, Illacme plenipes SPC000932.)