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694 results for “Size effect”
Figure 2 in Effect of mound size on intranest thermoregulation in the red wood ants Formicarufa and F. polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figure 2. The location of the nests of red wood ants in the green zone of Kyiv and forests of Kyiv region (points 4 and 5), Ukraine. Gray scale: light gray–zone of high-density housing; medium gray–zone of urban and natural parks; dark gray–forest areas. 1 –Goloseevsky forest; 2 – Park/monument of landscape gardening art "Feofania"; 3 – Koncha-Zaspa forest; 4 – forest between Khotov and Novoselki villages; 5 – forest in the vicinity of Boyarka; 6 – Left Bank of Kyiv; 7 –Vinohradar district; 8 –Kotsyubinske; 9 –PushchaVoditsa forest; 10 –Svyatoshinsky (Belichansky) forest; 11 – vicinity of Chayka village of; 12 – Lysa Hora regional and landscape park; 13 – vicinity of Petropavlivska Borshchahivka village.
Figure 5 in Effect of urban habitats on colony size of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In memory of Professor A. A. Zakharov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow)
Figure 5. Colony size of species per different geographic area. A – Crematogaster subdentata; B – Lasius neglectus.
Figure 4 in Effect of urban habitats on colony size of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In memory of Professor A. A. Zakharov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow)
Figure 4. Colony size of 9 species of ants in several habitats of the same geographic area (calculated according to (A. Zakharov, 1978, 2015). A – Lasius fuliginosus; B – Camponotus vagus; C – Lasius emarginatus; D – Lasius niger; E – Formica cinerea; F - Dolichoderus quadripunctatus; G – Lasius brunneus; H – Crematogaster subdentata; I – Lasius neglectus.
Figure 2 in Effect of urban habitats on colony size of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In memory of Professor A. A. Zakharov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow)
Figure 2. Calculated curve of the size of the ant colony by the intensity of movement of foragers per 1 min along the trail (counting only in one direction, Zakharov, 1979; 2015). Within 14–140 - according to A. Zakharov (1979), from 184 to 307 - our data, with an additional calculation formula in this range of values.
Figure 3 in Effect of urban habitats on colony size of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In memory of Professor A. A. Zakharov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow)
Figure 3. Colony size in 21 ant species, calculated by the formula of A. Zakharov (1979; 2015). Ukraine: A – Kyiv region, deciduous (Kd) and coniferous (Kp) forests, natural habitats; B – Kyiv, suburban habitats (Ks); C – Kyiv city, urban habitats; D – natural habitats in Crimea (C1 – mountain steppes, C2 – mountain meadows) and in the Carpathians (Carp, mountain meadows); Crimea, steppe areas, natural habitats (C_aet); suburban and urban habitats in Crimea (L_neg, C_sub); Crimea, oak-pistachio-juniper forests, natural habitats (P_tau; F_gag; C_sch); Russian Federation: E, F – Rostov-on-Don, suburban (L_neg_R2) and urban (L_neg_R1; C_sub_R1) habitats; Uzbekistan: G – natural (riparian forests, C_sub_tu) and urban (Tashkent city, everything else) habitats; Russian Federation: H – Ural, natural habitats (taiga). Ant species: L_pla – Lasius platythorax; Dol – Dolichoderus quadripunctatus; L_ful – Lasius fuliginosus; L_ema – Lasius emarginatus; L_bru – Lasius brunneus; F_ruf – Formica rufa; L_nig – Lasius niger; F_cin – Formica cinerea; C_vag – Camponotus vagus; C_aet – Camponotus aethiops; F_tru – Formica truncorum; F_pol – Formica polyctena; L_neg – Lasius neglectus; F_pra – Formica pratensis; P_tau – Plagiolepis tauricus; F_gag – Formica gagates; C_sch – Crematogaster schmidti; C_sub – Crematogaster subdentata; M_ber – Myrmica bergi; P_pal – Plagiolepis pallescens; F_aqu – Formica aquilonia.
Figure 1. D in Effect of urban habitats on colony size of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In memory of Professor A. A. Zakharov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow)
Figure 1. D Locations of the study. Ukraine: 1 – Crimea (the Main ridge of the Mountainous Crimea and the South Coast, Saki region), 2 – Kyiv and Kyiv region, 3 – Carpathians; Uzbekistan: 4 – Tashkent city, tugai forests; Russian Federation: 5 – Ural, 6 – Rostov-on-Don city and region. Habitats. a – natural, b – suburban, c – urban.
Fig. 3 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression of host body mass (values were log-transformed) with richness of helminths associated to wildlife hosts (values were corrected for sampling effort).
Fig. 2 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 2. Relationships between latitude and the average taxonomic distinctness of overall helminths (A) and nematodes (B).
Fig. 4 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 4. Parasite richness and average taxonomic distinctness by host trophic guild (the size of circle represents the number of hosts belonging to each trophic guild).
Fig. 1 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 1. Maps showing the geographic locations of the records, classified by phylum of the subsetted database.
Fig. 4 in Effect of anesthetic, tag size, and surgeon experience on postsurgical recovering after implantation of electronic tags in a neotropical fish: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Fig. 4. Effect of incision size (cm) and duration of surgery (s) on wound area (cm2) one week after surgical implantation of telemetry transmitters in Prochilodus lineatus.
Fig. 5 in Effect of anesthetic, tag size, and surgeon experience on postsurgical recovering after implantation of electronic tags in a neotropical fish: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Fig. 5. Surgical/postsurgical ranking of Prochilodus lineatus over four weeks. Black: poor; gray: average; and light gray: good.
Effect of Organic Cation Size on Structural, Thermochromic, Dielectric and Photoluminescence Properties of Two-Dimensional Lead Iodide Perovskites with Extremally Reduced Dielectric Confinement
<p>Dataset for scientific publication entitled Effect of Organic Cation Size on Structural, Thermochromic, Dielectric and Photoluminescence Properties of Two-Dimensional Lead Iodide Perovskites with Extremally Reduced Dielectric Confinement. </p> <p>This research was supported by the National Science Center (Narodowe Centrum Nauki) in Poland under project No. 2020/38/A/ST3/00214. JKZ acknowledges support from Academia Iuvenum, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.</p>
Genome streamlining: effect of mutation rate and population size on genome size reduction: simulated data
<p>Lineages data of populations simulated with Aevol (<a href="https://gitlab.inria.fr/aevol/aevol">https://gitlab.inria.fr/aevol/aevol</a>), and the Wild-Types sequences used for that.</p> <p>Conditions: change of mutation rate, population size, or both.<br>Mutational bias: none, insertion bias or deletion bias</p>
Grain size effects during the semi-brittle flow of calcite rocks
<p>Dataset containing measurements of strain, stress and relative changes in acoustic velocity (where available) relating to the manuscript "Grain size effects during the semi-brittle flow of calcite rocks".</p>
Whole genome demographic models indicate divergent effective population size histories shape contemporary genetic diversity gradients in a montane bumble bee
<p>Understanding historical range shifts and population size variation provides important context for interpreting contemporary genetic diversity. Methods to predict changes in species distributions and model changes in effective population size (N<sub>e</sub>) using whole genomes make it feasible to examine how temporal dynamics influence diversity across populations. We investigate N<sub>e</sub> variation and climate-associated range shifts to examine the origins of a previously observed latitudinal heterozygosity gradient in the bumble bee <em>Bombus</em> <em>vancouverensis</em> Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae: <em>Bombus</em> Latreille) in western North America. We analyze whole genomes from a latitude-elevation cline using sequentially Markovian coalescent models of N<sub>e</sub> through time to test whether relatively low diversity in southern high-elevation populations is a result of long-term differences in N<sub>e</sub>. We use Maxent models of the species range over the last 130,000 years to evaluate range shifts and stability. N<sub>e</sub> fluctuates with climate across populations, but more genetically diverse northern populations have maintained greater Ne over the late Pleistocene and experienced larger expansions with climatically favorable time periods. Northern populations also experienced larger bottlenecks during the last glacial period which matched the loss of range area near these sites, however, bottlenecks were not sufficient to erode diversity maintained during periods of large N<sub>e</sub>. A genome sampled from an island population indicated a severe postglacial bottleneck, indicating that large recent post-glacial declines are detectable if they have occurred. Genetic diversity was not related to niche stability or glacial-period bottleneck size. Instead, spatial expansions and increased connectivity during favorable climates likely maintain diversity in the north while restriction to high elevations maintains relatively low diversity despite greater stability in southern regions. Results suggest genetic diversity gradients reflect long-term differences in N<sub>e</sub> dynamics and also emphasize the unique effects of isolation on insular habitats for bumble bees. Patterns are discussed in the context of conservation under climate change.</p>
Transgenerational effects on body size and survival in brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)
<p>Higher temperatures are now observed in several ecosystems and act as new selective agents that shape traits and fitness of individuals. Transgenerational effects may be important in modulating adaptation of future generations and buffering negative impacts of temperature changes. The potential for these effects may be important in freshwater fish species, as temperature is a key abiotic component of their environment. Yet, still, relatively few studies have assessed the presence and importance of transgenerational effects under natural conditions. The purpose of this study was to test how parental thermal conditions influenced offspring growth and survival following stocking in Brook charr (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>). To do so, part of the breeders were exposed to a "cold" treatment while others were exposed to a "warm" treatment during the final steps of gonad maturation (constant 2°C difference between treatments along the seasonal temperature decrease). The impact on offspring of a selection treatment targeting production traits of interest (absence of sexual maturation at 1+, combined with increased growth) in breeders was also evaluated. After 7 to 8 months of growth in captivity, offspring were stocked in natural lakes. Their growth and survival were assessed about a year later. Offspring from "cold" breeders showed lower survival than those from "warm" breeders and the selection treatment had no effect on survival. However, the selection treatment was linked to lower Fulton's condition index, which, in turn, was positively correlated to survival in lakes. This study highlights the importance of working in ecological/industrial context to fully assess the different impacts of transgenerational effects on traits and survival. Our results also have important implications for stocking practices used to support the sport fishing industry.</p>
Dataset accompanying the publication "Transport and retention of micro-Polystyrene in coarse riverbed sediments: Effects of flow velocity, particle and sediment sizes"
<p>The dataset in this repository is accompanying the publication "Transport and retention of micro-Polystyrene in coarse riverbed sediments: Effects of flow velocity, particle and sediment sizes" (in Microplastics and Nanoplastics, 2023, submitted 09.06.2023)</p> <p>The repository contains the raw image files of all sample filters which were scanned using the fluorescence imaging system ChemiDoc and used to analyse the infiltration behaviour of microplastic polystyrene in the manuscript. In addition, we provide the resulting data from the particle identification and geometric analysis which were derived from the raw data using ImageJ in tabular excel format. The data is structured in folders following the naming of the columns from the manuscript.</p>
Data from: Exceptions to the temperature-size rule: No Lilliput effect in end-Permian ostracods (Crustacea) from Aras Valley (NW Iran)
<p>The body size of marine ectotherms is often negatively correlated with ambient water temperature, as seen in many clades during the hyperthermal crisis of the end-Permian mass extinction (c. 252 Mya). However, in the case of ostracods, size changes during ancient hyperthermal events are rarely quantified. In this study, we evaluate the body size changes of ostracods in the Aras Valley section (NW Iran) in response to the drastic warming during the end-Permian mass extinction at three taxonomic levels (class, order, species). On the assemblage level, the warming triggers a complete species turnover in the Aras Valley section, with larger, newly emerging species dominating the immediate post-extinction assemblage for a short time. Individual ostracod species and instars do not show dwarfing or a change in body size as an adaptation to the temperature stress during the end-Permian crisis. This may indicate that ostracods might be exceptions to the temperature-size rule (TSR), using an adaptation mechanism that does not involve a decrease in body size. Many recent experimental studies show that accelerated development without size changes is a common response of modern ostracods to thermal stress.</p>
Eliminating Finite-size Effects on the Calculation of X-ray Scattering from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
<p>Data repository for the work with the same name. <a href="https://gitlab.com/asod/grsq_examples/-/tree/final_resubmission?ref_type=tags">Gitlab version</a></p> <p>All plots for the figures in the work can be generated via <code>plots_resubmission.ipynb</code></p> <p><code>This version is accompanying the final resubmission to JCP.</code></p> <p> </p> <p><code>Uses the pypi package <a href="https://pypi.org/project/grsq/">grsq</a></code></p>
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