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151 results for “Soil Respiration”
Soil and understory CO2 respiration, CH4, and N2O fluxes, tree biomass and litter, and soil carbon stock after a long-term N fertilization of a Scots pine forest in Finland
<p>Data of forest soil respiration, soil and undestory respiration, CH4, and N2O fluxes, soil temperature and volumetric water content (Data_Karstula_GHG_temp.swc.csv), continuous soil temperature and moisture data (Data_Karstula_measured_temperature_2021_2023.csv, Data_Karstula_measured_moisture_2021_2023.csv), forest biomass and litter (Data_Karstula_total_biomass_litter.csv, Data_Karstula_measured_litter_2021_2023.csv), and soil C stocks (Data_Karstula_soc.csv) from the boreal Scots pine forest site Karstula after a long-term N fertilization in Finland (62°54'43.343"N; 24°34'16.021"E).</p> <p>The dataset is used for the publication "Tupek et al. : <strong>Lower sensitivity of microbial respiration to soil moisture after long-term N fertilization increases soil carbon retention in a Scots pine forest</strong>. 2024".</p>
Productivity-driven decoupling of microbial carbon use efficiency and respiration across global soils
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Soil Respirations from experiemental plots near Toolik Lake, AK for 2001
Soil respiration of carbon dioxide, and methane in waters from wet sedge plots near Toolik Lake, AK during the summer of 2001.
Soil Respirations from experiemental plots near Toolik Lake, AK for 2002
Soil respiration of carbon dioxide, and methane in waters from wet sedge plots near Toolik Lake, AK during the summer of 2002.
Soil Respirations from experiemental plots near Toolik Lake, AK for 2003
Soil respiration of carbon dioxide, and methane in waters from wet sedge plots near Toolik Lake, AK during the summer of 2003.
Soil Respirations from experiemental plots near Toolik Lake, AK for 2004
Soil respiration of carbon dioxide, and methane in waters from wet sedge plots near Toolik Lake, AK during the summer of 2004.
Soil Respirations from experiemental plots near Toolik Lake, AK for 2005
Soil respiration of carbon dioxide, and methane in waters from wet sedge plots near Toolik Lake, AK during the summer of 2005.
In situ soil respiration measured in the LTER treatment plots in moist acidic tussock and moist non-acidic tussock tundra, Toolik Field Station, North Slope Alaska, Arctic LTER 2002.
In situ soil respiration measured in the Arctic LTER treatment plots in moist acidic tussock and moist non-acidic tussock tundra
Soil Respiration in Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest from Upland and Floodplain sites 1990-1992
This study is designed to evaluate total soil respiration among stages of forest succession in upland secondary and floodplain primary succession, and in relation to the impact of additions of carbon substrates of differing decomposibilities to the forest floors of these successional stages. The inverted bucket, soda-lime procedure was used to obtain weekly estimates of total soil respiration for three years during the growing season.
Soil Respiration in Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest Floodplain Black Spruce Sites
Fine root processes play a prominent role in the carbon and nutrient cycling of boreal ecosystems due to the high proportion of biomass allocated belowground and the rapid decomposition of fine roots relative to aboveground tissues. To examine these issues in detail, major components of ecosystem carbon flux were studied in three mature black spruce forests in interior Alaska, where fine root production, respiration, mortality and decomposition, and aboveground production of trees, shrubs and mosses were measured relative to soil CO2 fluxes. Fine root production, measured over a 2-year period using minirhizotrons, varied from 0.004 ? 0.001 mm cm-2 d-1 over winter, to 0.051 ? 0.015 mm cm-2 d-1 during July, with peak growing season values comparable to those reported for many temperate forests using similar methods. On average, 84% of this production occurred within 20 cm of the moss surface, although the proportion occurring in deeper profiles increased as soils gradually warmed throughout the summer. Monthly rates of production and mortality were somewhat asynchronous because mortality tended to peak during fall and be minimal during periods of peak production. Production and mortality were, however, positively correlated across all tubes and time periods (r2 = 0.42, P < 0.0001). Annual fine root production averaged 2.45 ? 0.31, 8.01 ? 1.39, and 2.53 ? 0.27 mm cm-2 yr-1 among the three sites, when averaged across years. Fine root survival and decomposition were measured by tracking and analyzing the fate of individual fine roots using mark-recapture techniques. Fine root survival was greatest during periods of peak root growth, and least over winter (?time). Roots first appearing in the middle of the growing season had higher survival rates than those first appearing early or late in growing season, or over winter (?cohort), and risk of mortality decreased with root age (?age). Survival estimates translate to mean life spans of 108 ? 4 days during the growing season
Soil Respiration in burned and unburned areas in and around watershed C4 within the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed from 1998-2004
This database reports soil respiration before and after the 1999 Frostfire experimental burn in watershed C4 of the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. We measured soil respiration in three replicate pairs of sites (planned burned, control) in two vegetation types (black spruce, mixed hardwoods) using a LiCor 6262 infrared gas analyzer attached to semi-automated chambers (3 replicate chambers per site). Measurements began in summer 1998 and continued each growing season through 2004; in addition, we measured winter respiration during winter 1998-1999 using a different chamber design on top of the snow pack. All of the black spruce sites were located on Helmer's Ridge; the mixed hardwood sites initially were located on the east side of the C4 watershed or just outside its eastern boundary. Following the 1999 fire, all of the mixed hardwood sites were moved burned and unburned areas near the main trail ascending Helmer's Ridge.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on soil respiration in arctic and boreal ecosystems: microbial respiration during a 924-day laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006-2009) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of soil organic matter decomposition and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 924-day laboratory incubation, we measured microbial respiration from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic).
Soil respiration measurements along climate and black spruce productivity gradients in interior Alaska
Soil respiration measurements were made using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA; EGM-4 gas analyzer, PP Systems, Haverhill, MA) with a dynamic soil respiration chamber (SRC-2, PP Systems). Respiration collars (18) were randomly located on three 20 x 20 m sampling grids (separate from WSOC collection) at each site. The respiration collars (10.2 cm diameter schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride) were inserted to a depth of 2.5 cm at least 1 week prior to initial measurements and were left in place for the duration of the experiment. Care was taken to ensure that the collars remained at the same depth throughout the measurement period. All vascular plants were removed from the collars prior to measuring. Measurements were made approximately bi-weekly at each site, from May through September in 2004 (n = 5 or 6). A portable thermometer was used to measure soil temperature at 10 cm below the surface concurrently with soil respiration measured at each collar. Changes in collar-specific air volumes (caused by changes in microtopography and the presence of moss) were measured directly through use of the ideal gas law by injecting 25 cm-3 of 3500 mg m-3 CO2 into the soil respiration chamber and measuring the subsequent dilution of CO2 concentration with the IRGA. All flux values have been adjusted for these collar specific volumes.
Total Soil Respiration Data at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1998-2002
Total soil respiration – or the emission of CO2 from soil – was measured monthly for five years (1998-2002) at several sites in the reference forest. These data allow the estimation of C flux from soil to atmosphere. These estimates are described in detail in Fahey et al. (2005). Monitoring was discontinued with the intention of repeating the measurements if and when major changes in biota and environment on the plots occurred. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil respiration in mycorrhizal gradient plots
Soil respiration is the dominant pathway by which terrestrial carbon enters the atmosphere. Many abiotic and biotic processes can influence soil respiration, including soil microbial community composition. Mycorrhizal fungi are a particularly important microbial group to investigate because they are known to influence soil chemistry and nutrient cycling, and, because the type of mycorrhizal fungi in an ecosystem can be assessed based on the plant species present, they may be easier than other soil microbes to incorporate into ecosystem models. We tested how the type of mycorrhizal fungi—arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi—associated with the dominant tree species in a mixed hardwood forest was related to soil respiration rate. We measured soil respiration, root biomass and surface area, and soil chemical and physical characteristics during the growing season in plots dominated by ECM-associated trees, AM-associated trees, and mixtures with both at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, USA. We found rates of soil respiration that were 29% and 32% higher in AM plots than in ECM and mixed plots, respectively. These differences were primarily explained by corresponding variation in soil conditions including organic horizon depth and soil nitrogen content. Soil in AM plots had slightly higher nitrogen concentrations and deeper organic horizons than soil in ECM and mixed plots. Our results highlight the importance of considering mycorrhizal associations of dominant vegetation as predictors of carbon cycling processes. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Soil respiration from the Ice Storm Experiment (ISE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
An ice storm simulation was performed at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest to evaluate impacts of these extreme weather events on northern hardwood forests. Water was pumped from the main branch of Hubbard Brook and sprayed above the forest canopy in subfreezing conditions so that it rained down and froze on contact with trees. The experiment included five ice storm intensities (0, 6.4, 12.7 and 19.1 mm radial ice accretion) applied in a single year, and one ice storm intensity (12.7 mm) applied in two consecutive years. Measurements of soil respiration were made with an infrared gas analyzer during the snow-free season before and after the ice was applied. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Radiocarbon content of soil carbon and respired CO2 near T-Van from 2012 to 2015, Seasonal
To test the hypothesis that old carbon may be contributing to the carbon source strength of alpine tundra near T-Van, a chamber (growing season) and two types of subsurface gas wells (remainder of the year) were used to collect respired carbon dioxide samples for radiocarbon analysis from four locations across a soil moisture gradient near T-Van between 2012 and 2015. Near surface soil samples (~10 cm depth) from each site were additionally collected and density fractionated in order to model the contribution of various carbon pools to respired carbon fluxes on a seasonal basis through time. All samples were purified and graphitized by the INSTAAR Laboratory for AMS Radiocarbon Preparation and Research at the University of Colorado Boulder, then shipped to the Keck Carbon Cycle AMS Lab at the University of California, Irvine for analysis.
Soil fungi and fine root biomass mediate drought-induced reductions in soil respiration
<p>Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of droughts, with potential impacts on carbon (C) release from soil (i.e., soil respiration, Rs). Although numerous studies have investigated drought-induced changes in Rs, how roots and the soil microbial community regulate responses of Rs to drought remains unclear.</p> <p>We conducted a 4-year field experiment (2014 - 2017) with three treatments (i.e., 70% rainfall reduction, control and ambient) in a subtropical forest to examine effects of drought on Rs and its components [i.e., autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh)] and explore the mechanisms underlying these effects.</p> <p>Drought significantly decreased Rs by 17% averaged over the 4 years, but it had no significant effect in the first experimental year. The decrease in Rs was mediated by soil fungi and fine root biomass. Fine root biomass was correlated negatively with Ra and Rs under drought, but positively in the control treatment. Furthermore, drought treatments increased physiological stress in the bacterial community. Microclimate, root biomass, and microbial biomass jointly explained 79% and 65% of the variance in Rs for the control and drought treatments, respectively. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis indicated that microclimate affected Rs via its impact on fine root biomass and (under drought conditions) on fungal biomass.</p> <p>Our results highlight the complex interactions between microclimate, roots and soil microbes in regulating Rs under drought in subtropical forest ecosystems. Incorporating these interactions into land surface models may improve predictions of climate change impacts on forest ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
Climate warming may stimulate microbial metabolism of soil carbon, causing a carbon cycle-climate feedback whereby carbon is redistributed from soil to atmospheric CO2. The magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, in part because warming-induced shifts in microbial physiology and/or community composition could retard or accelerate soil carbon losses. Here, we measure microbial respiration rates for soils collected from 22 sites in each of three years, at locations spanning boreal to tropical climates. Respiration was measured in the laboratory with standard temperatures, moisture and excess carbon substrate, to allow physiological and community effects to be detected independent from the influence of these abiotic controls. Patterns in respiration for soils collected across the climate gradient are consistent with evolutionary theory on physiological responses that compensate for positive effects of temperature on metabolism. Respiration rates per unit microbial biomass were as much as 2.6-times higher for soils sampled from sites with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of -2.0 versus 21.7ºC. Subsequent 100-day incubations suggested differences in the plasticity of the thermal response among microbial communities, with communities sampled from sites with higher MAT having a more plastic response. Our findings are consistent with adaptive metabolic responses to contrasting thermal regimes that are also observed in plants and animals. These results may help build confidence in soil carbon-climate feedback projections by improving understanding of microbial processes represented in biogeochemical models.
Database of experimental determinations of soil respiration in pine and spruce forests during the growing season of 2023 at the Lyalsky test site (middle taiga, northeast of the East European Plain)
<p>The data set includes the results of 342 measurements of CO2 emissions (SR, gС/m2/day) from the soil surface of coniferous ecosystems at the Lyalsky test site during the growing season (May-September) of 2023. The objects of the study were: pine forest (PS, Gleyic Folic Albic Podzol (Arenic)) and spruce forest (SM, Albic Retisols). The values of temperature (Ts, at a depth of 10 cm), moisture (Ms, in a layer of 0-5 cm) of the soil and air temperature (Ta) are also given.</p><p>The research was carried out by employees of the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the most important innovative project of national importance "Development of a system for ground-based and remote monitoring of carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes in the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the creation of recording data systems on the fluxes of climate-active substances and the carbon budget in forests and other terrestrial ecological systems" (Registration number: 123030300031-6). </p>
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