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74 results for “Speciation: sympatric”
Data from: Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 3. genetic map reveals genomic islands underlying species divergence in Howea
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Data from: Weak disruptive selection and incomplete phenotypic divergence in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: Cameroon crater lake cichlids
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Data from: Recent speciation between sympatric Tanganyikan cichlid color morphs
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Data from: Are sympatrically speciating Midas cichlid fish special? Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the closely related species Archocentrus centrarchus
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Data from: Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 4. Demographic analyses support speciation of Howea in the face of high gene flow
The idea that populations must be geographically isolated (allopatric) to evolve into separate species has persisted for a long time. It is now clear that new species can also diverge despite ongoing genetic exchange, but few accepted cases of speciation in sympatry have held up when scrutinised using modern approaches. Here, we examined evidence for speciation of the Howea palms of Lord Howe Island, Australia, in light of new genomic data. We used coalescence-based demographic models combined with double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing of multiple individuals and provide support for previous claims by Savolainen et al. (Nature 441: 210–213, 2006) that speciation in Howea did occur in the face of gene flow.
Data from: Experimental swap of Anopheles gambiae's assortative mating preferences demonstrates key role of X-chromosome divergence island in incipient sympatric speciation.
Although many theoretical models of sympatric speciation propose that genes responsible for assortative mating amongst incipient species should be associated with genomic regions protected from recombination, there are few data to support this theory. The malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, is known for its sympatric cryptic species maintained by pre-mating reproductive isolation and its putative genomic islands of speciation, and is therefore an ideal model system for studying the genomic signature associated with incipient sympatric speciation. Here we selectively introgressed the island of divergence located in the pericentric region of the X chromosome of An. gambiae s.s. into its sister taxon An. coluzzii through 5 generations of backcrossing followed by two generations of crosses within the introgressed strains that resulted in An. coluzzii-like recombinant strains fixed for the M and S marker in the X chromosome island. The mating preference of recombinant strains was then tested by giving virgin recombinant individuals a choice of mates with X-islands matching and non-matching their own island type. We show through genetic analyses of transferred sperm that recombinant females consistently mated with matching island-type males thereby associating assortative mating genes with the X-island of divergence. Furthermore, full-genome sequencing confirmed that protein-coding differences between recombinant strains were limited to the experimentally swapped pericentromeric region. Finally, targeted-genome comparisons showed that a number of these unique differences were conserved in sympatric field populations, thereby revealing candidate speciation genes. The functional demonstration of a close association between speciation genes and the X-island of differentiation lends unprecedented support to island-of-speciation models of sympatric speciation facilitated by pericentric recombination suppression.
Fig. 6 in Incipient sympatric speciation via host race formation in Phengaris arion (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Fig. 6 Morphometric studies: a morphometric measurements – close curve on valva of male genitalia; b the results of morphometric analyses: the CVA scatterplots represent the group centroids of the samples; c box plots indicating the distribution of the centroid size. The abbreviations are the same as in Suppl. Table S1. The letter 'T' in the sample codes refers to spring arion, the letter 'N' indicates summer arion
Fig. 4 in Incipient sympatric speciation via host race formation in Phengaris arion (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Fig. 4 The number of effective migrants (Nm) between populations. Only those connections are shown where the number of migrants is greater than two. Thicker arrows indicate higher number of migrants. The abbreviations are the same as in Suppl. Table S1. The letter 'T' in the sample codes refers to spring arion, the letter 'N' indicates summer arion
Fig. 3 in Incipient sympatric speciation via host race formation in Phengaris arion (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Fig. 3 Results of the Bayesianclustering Structure analysis based on 9 microsatellite loci. Nm– the number of effective migrants between the syntopic sample pairs using private alleles. The abbreviations are the same as in Suppl. Table S1. The letter 'T' in the sample codes refers to spring arion, the letter 'N' indicates summer arion
Fig. 1 in Modelling sympatric speciation by means of biologically plausible mechanistic processes as exemplified by threespine stickleback species pairs
Fig. 1 Flow diagram of the individual based genetic algorithm
Data from: Experimental swap of Anopheles gambiae's assortative mating preferences demonstrates key role of X-chromosome divergence island in incipient sympatric speciation.
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Data from: Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 1. Gene expression, selection and pleiotropy
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Data from: Don’t throw out the sympatric speciation with the crater lake water: fine-scale investigation of introgression provides equivocal support for causal role of secondary gene flow in one of the clearest examples of sympatric speciation
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Data from: Refining the conditions for sympatric ecological speciation
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Data from: Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 4. Demographic analyses support speciation of Howea in the face of high gene flow
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Fig. 1 in Incipient sympatric speciation via host race formation in Phengaris arion (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Fig. 1 Syntopic sampling sites of spring and summer arion in the Aggtelek Karst region of Hungary
Data from: Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 2. pre- and post-zygotic isolation
We evaluated reproductive isolation in two species of palms (Howea) that have evolved sympatrically on Lord Howe Island (LHI, Australia). We estimated the strength of some pre- and post-zygotic mechanisms in maintaining current species boundaries. We found that flowering time displacement between species is consistent across in and ex situ common gardens and is thus partly genetically determined. On LHI, pre-zygotic isolation due solely to flowering displacement was 97% for H. belmoreana and 80% for H. forsteriana; this asymmetry results from H. forsteriana flowering earlier than H. belmoreana and being protandrous. As expected, only a few hybrids (here confirmed by genotyping) at both juvenile and adult stages could be detected in two sites on LHI, in which the two species grow intermingled (The Far Flats) or adjacently (Transit Hill). Yet, the distribution of hybrids was different between sites. At Transit Hill we found no hybrid adult trees, but 13.5% of younger palms examined there were of late hybrid classes. In contrast we found four hybrid adult trees, mostly of late hybrid classes, and only one juvenile F1 hybrid in the Far Flats. This pattern indicates that selection acts against hybrids between the juvenile and adult stages. An in situ reciprocal seed transplant between volcanic and calcareous soils also shows that early fitness components (up to 36 months) were affected by species and soil. These results are indicative of divergent selection in reproductive isolation, although it does not solely explain the current distribution of the two species on LHI.
Data from: Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 2. pre- and post-zygotic isolation
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FIGURE 107 in New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?
FIGURE 107. Schematic distribution map of Endecous (Pedroecous) didymus n. sp. and Endecous (Pedroecous) troglobius n. sp. in the Lapa Sem Fim cave.
FIGURES 102–106. Lapa Sem Fim cave, study area. 102 in New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?
FIGURES 102–106. Lapa Sem Fim cave, study area. 102–main entrance of the cave; 103–conduit trespassed by the intermittent drainage; 104–higly ornamented chambre, with many speleothems; 105–guano pile on a conduit; 106–chamber from the upper level of the cave.
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