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174 results for “Species cover”
Arctic LTER 2005: Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic, moist non-acidic and dry heath tundra.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic and moist non acidic tussock tundra, and dry heath tundra.
Arctic LTER 2007: Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic tussock and dry heath tundra.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik field station in moist acidic tussock and dry heath tundra.
Relative percent cover of plant species in LTER moist acidic, dry heath, and moist non-acidic tundra experimental plots; in new experimental plots established in 2006; and for Sagavanirktok River plots in tussock and heath tundra, Norht Slope Alaska 2008.
In 2008, Relative percent cover of plant species was measured in the Arctic LTER's experimental and control plots across several habitats: moist acidic, dry heath, and moist non-acidic tundra; in new variable (low) nutrient addition experimental plots established in 2006; and for Sagavanirktok River toposequence plots in tussock and heath tundra.
2010 relative percent cover of plant species in LTER moist acidic, dry heath, and moist non-acidic tundra experimental plots; and in new experimental plots established in 2006.
In 2010, Relative percent cover of plant species was measured in the Arctic LTER's experimental and control plots across several habitats: moist acidic, dry heath, and moist non-acidic tundra; in new variable (low) nutrient addition experimental plots established in 2006; and for Sagavanirktok River toposequence plots in tussock and heath tundra.
2011 relative percent cover of plant species in LTER moist acidic tundra experimental plots and in new experimental plots established in 2006.
In 2011, relative percent cover of plant species was measured in LTER moist acidic tundra experimental plots and in new experimental plots established in 2006.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Arctic LTER 1999.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, Arctic LTER 1999.
Arctic LTER 2000: Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra.
Arctic LTER 2001: Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra.
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra, Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2002
Relative percent cover was measured for plant species on Arctic LTER experimental plots in moist acidic and moist non-acidic tundra.
Plant % cover by species for the ITEX CO2 flux survey plots at Toolik, Alaska; Abisko, Sweden; Svalbard, Norway; Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland; and Barrow, Alaska 2004-2009
Estimated aerial plant % cover by species in flux plots measured during the ITEX circumarctic flux survey 2004-2006. Flux plots were located in the Toolik Lake LTER fertilization experiment in Alaska; at Imnavait Creek, Alaska; at Paddus, Latnjajaure and the Stepps site near Abisko in northern Sweden; at various sites in Adventdalen, Svalbard; in the Zackenberg valley, Northeast Greenland; at BEO near Barrow, Alaska and at the Anaktuvuk River Burn in Alaska.
Plant species percent cover data: Seed Addition in Lawrence Strips
Description of Research Goals and Accomplishments: This experiment will test the affect of various species of seed addition and differing amounts of them on a newly abandoned area of the Lawrence strips. This experiment was set up in the northern end of the Lawrence strips after it was newly disked (no standing vegetation). There are 60 plots, each 3m x 3m with a .5m walkway between them. There are fifteen treatments, with 4 replicates of each treatment. The treatments are as follows, with the species of seed(s) and the amount added per plot: l. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 90g 2. Agropyron repens, 67g 3. Poa pratensis, 45g 4. Schizachyrium scoparium, 67g 5. Andropogon gerardi, 67g 6. Mix of forbs, 50g 7. Mix 2 (see below) 8. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, 9g 9. Agropyron repens, 6.7g lO. Poa pratensis, 4.5g ll. Schizachyrium scoparium, 6.7g 12. Andropogon gerardi, 6.7g 13. Mix of forbs, 5g 14. Mix 3 (see below) 15. control-no seeds added Mix of forbs contains seeds of Achillea millefolium, Agastache foeniculum, Amorpha canescens, Aster azureus, Coreopsis palmata, Heliopsis helianthoides, Lespedeza capitata, Liatris aspera, Monarda fistulosa, Petalostemum candidum, Petalostemum purpureum, Rosa arkansana, Rudbeckia hirta, Solidago nemoralis, Solidago ptarmicoides, Solidago rigida, Verbena stricta and Zizia aurea. Mix 2 contains 50g Mix of forbs + 67g Schizachyrium scoparium + 67g Andropogon gerardi + 45g Poa pratensis + 90g Agropyron repens per plot. Mix 3 contains 5g Mix of forbs * 6.7g Schizachyrium scoparium + 6.7g Andropogon gerardi + 5g Poa pratensis + 9g Agropyron repens per plot. The seeds were added to the plots on June 14, 1993.
Plant species percent cover data: Addition of Schizachyrium scoparium Seeds to the Lawrence Strips
Here, we use a simple experimental approach to test the hypothesis that `niche differentiation` promotes coexistence. We created an experimental gradient in the abundance of a long-lived, competitively dominant species (S. scoparium) and allowed competitive interactions to proceed without further manipulation.
Plant species percent cover data: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Plant species percent cover data: Natural Enemies, Plant Diversity and Plant Community Composition
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in a subset of plots within the Big Biodiversity field, including monoculture, 2-species, 4-species, 8-species, 16-species, and 32-species plots. There are 5 different treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, the combination of all pesticides, and nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant species percent cover data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant Species Composition percent cover:Nutrient Network: A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Perennial species canopy cover across grazed/ungrazed fencelines at the Jornada Basin LTER, 1986-ongoing
This ongoing data set contains percent canopy cover estimates of perennial plant species from transects that cross a grazed/ungrazed boundary fenceline of a single exclosure on the New Mexico State University Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA. In the spring of 1982, as part of the establishment of the Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research site in southern New Mexico, a 135 ha portion of a 1500 ha, internally drained, watershed was exclosed from grazing by domestic livestock. Prior to exclosure the watershed, as well as the rest of the Jornada basin, had been moderately to heavily grazed for the past 100 years. Concurrent with grazing, the vegetation had undergone a dramatic change from desert grassland, with an almost continuous cover of C4 perennial grasses, to isolated patches of the original grassland in a mosaic with desert shrub dominated plant communities (Buffington and Herbel, 1965). The exclosure lies along a northeast facing piedmont slope at the base of a steep isolated mountain peak, and covers a variety of component landforms from the foot of the mountain to the basin floor. This provided the opportunity to investigate the response of vegetation with respect to landscape characteristics as well as release from grazing. This summary data set consists of percent canopy cover of all perennial plant species from the plant line intercept measurements on either side of the LTER-I exclosure East and West boundary fence. Sampling occurs approximately every five years; it was last conducted in November 2015 and will take place again in 2020.
Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part II)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major disruptors of plant–frugivore interactions, affecting seed dispersal and altering recruitment patterns of tree species dependent on vertebrate dispersers. In a heterogeneous production landscape (primarily tea and coffee plantations) in the southern Western Ghats, India, we <span><span>examined effects of surrounding forest cover and fruit crop size on frugivory of four rainforest bird-dispersed tree species</span></span> (<i>N</i> = 131 trees, ≥ 30 trees per species, observed for 623 h). Frugivore composition differed among the four tree species with the large-seeded <i>Canarium strictum </i>and<i> Myristica dactyloides</i> exclusively dependent on large-bodied avian frugivores, whereas, medium-seeded <i>Persea macrantha</i> and <i>Heynea trijuga </i>were predominantlyvisited by small-bodied and large-bodied avian frugivores, respectively. Using the seed-dispersal-effectiveness framework, we identified effective frugivores and examined their response to forest cover and fruit crop size. Results were idiosyncratic and governed by plant and frugivore traits. Visitations to medium-seeded <i>Persea </i>had a positive relationship with forest cover but the relationship was negative for the large-seeded <i>Myristica</i>. In addition, two of the three effective frugivores for <i>Persea </i>responded to the interactive effect of forest cover and fruit crop size<i>. </i>Frugivore visitations to <i>Hyenea</i> were not related to forest cover or fruit crop and<i> </i>there were too few visitations to <i>Canarium </i>to discern any trends<i>. </i>These results highlight the context-specific response of plant-frugivore interactions to forest cover and fruit crop size influenced by the plant and frugivore traits.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part I)
<p>Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major disruptors of plant–frugivore interactions, affecting seed dispersal and altering recruitment patterns of tree species dependent on vertebrate dispersers. In a heterogeneous production landscape (primarily tea and coffee plantations) in the southern Western Ghats, India, we <span>examined effects of surrounding forest cover and fruit crop size on frugivory of four rainforest bird-dispersed tree species</span> (<i>N</i> = 131 trees, ≥ 30 trees per species, observed for 623 h). Frugivore composition differed among the four tree species with the large-seeded <i>Canarium strictum </i>and<i> Myristica dactyloides</i> exclusively dependent on large-bodied avian frugivores, whereas, medium-seeded <i>Persea macrantha</i> and <i>Heynea trijuga </i>were predominantly visited by small-bodied and large-bodied avian frugivores, respectively. Using the seed-dispersal-effectiveness framework, we identified effective frugivores and examined their response to forest cover and fruit crop size. Results were idiosyncratic and governed by plant and frugivore traits. Visitations to medium-seeded <i>Persea </i>had a positive relationship with forest cover but the relationship was negativefor the large-seeded <i>Myristica</i>. In addition, two of the three effective frugivores for <i>Persea </i>responded to the interactive effect of forest cover and fruit crop size<i>. </i>Frugivore visitations to <i>Hyenea</i> were not related to forest cover or fruit crop and<i> </i>there were too few visitations to <i>Canarium </i>to discern any trends<i>. </i>These results highlight the context-specific response of plant-frugivore interactions to forest cover and fruit crop size influenced by the plant and frugivore traits.</p>
Influence of climate, soil and land cover on plant species distribution in the European Alps
<p>Although the importance of edaphic factors and habitat structure for plant growth and survival is known, both are often neglected in favor of climatic drivers when investigating the spatial patterns of plant species and diversity. Yet, especially in mountain ecosystems with complex topography, missing edaphic and habitat components may be detrimental for a sound understanding of biodiversity distribution. Here, we compare the relative importance of climate, soil and land cover variables when predicting the distributions of 2'616 vascular plant species in the European Alps, representing approximately two thirds of all European Flora. Using presence-only data, we built point-process models (PPMs) to relate species observations to different combinations of covariates. We evaluated the PPMs through block cross-validations, and assessed the independent contributions of climate, soil and land cover covariates to predict plant species distributions using an innovative predictive partitioning approach. We found climate to be the most influential driver of spatial patterns in plant species with a relative influence of ~58.5% across all species, with decreasing importance from low to high elevations. Soil (~20.1%) and land cover (~21.4%), overall, were less influential than climate, but increased in importance along the elevation gradient. Furthermore, land cover showed strong local effects in lowlands, while the contribution of soil stabilized at mid-elevations. The decreasing influence of climate with elevation is explained by increasing endemism, and the fact that climate becomes more homogeneous as habitat diversity declines at higher altitudes. In contrast, soil predictors were found to follow the opposite trend. Additionally, at low elevations, human-mediated land cover effects appear to reduce the importance of climate predictors. We conclude that soil and land cover are, like climate, principal drivers of plant species distribution in the European Alps. While disentangling their effects remains a challenge, future studies can benefit markedly by including soil and land cover effects when predicting species distributions.</p>
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