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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

Figure 1 in Species diversity and community structure of zooplankton in three different types of water body within the Sakarya River Basin, Turkey

Figure 1. Species richness, evenness, and diversity boxplots in each lake. The horizontal thick black band represents the median value, and the boxplot margins indicate first and third quartiles.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

Figure 2 in Species diversity and community structure of zooplankton in three different types of water body within the Sakarya River Basin, Turkey

Figure 2. nMDS plots between lakes in terms of zooplankton species composition and abundance (a: all zooplankton species, b: rotifers, c: cladocerans.), Triangle: Lake Poyrazlar, Square: Çubuk II Reservoir, Circle: Sorgun Pond.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

Figure 3a in Species diversity and community structure of zooplankton in three different types of water body within the Sakarya River Basin, Turkey

Figure 3a. CCA biplot diagram with three lakes (all seasons and stations), and eight environmental variables. For sample abbreviations, first letter indicates water body; s: Sorgun, p: Poyrazlar, c: Çubuk II; letters between 2 and 4 indicate the seasons: spr: spring, sum: summer, win: winter; numerical variables indicate sampling stations.

Fig. 7 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 7. Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (nMDS) scatter plot explaining the diversity and abundance of the parasite infracommunities of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE) in South Africa. The ordination illustrates the similarity between parasite infracommunities, with a Pearson's correlation vector overlay showing parasitic taxa with a correlation>0.1. Similarity levels (15, 30) were selected based on the hierarchical cluster analyses (Resemblance = 50) of Bray Curtis coefficients.

Fig. 6 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 6. Parasite infracommunity composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Gariep Dam (GD), Great Fish River (GFR) and Riviersonderend River (RSE). A – abundance (N); B – species richness (S); C – Brillouin's diversity index (DB); D – Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′); E – Simpson diversity index (D) and F – Pielou's evenness index (J′). The mean and 95% confidence interval of each index is presented. Significant differences are considered as p <0.05 and denoted with an asterisk (*) in a table for each index.

Fig. 5 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of A – Paracamallanus sp. and Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900, B – dorsal view and C – ventral view. Scale bars: 20 μm (A); 1000 μm (A, B).

Fig. 4 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1831 (A – D) from the intestine and Tylodelphys mashonensis Beverley-Burton, 1963 (E – H) from the cranial cavity of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. White arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Abbreviations: Gp – genital pore, OS – oral sucker, Ph – pharynx, Ps – pseudosuckers, Vs – ventral sucker. Scale bars: 50 μm (F–H); 100 μm (B–D, E); 500 μm (A).

Fig. 2 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 2. Map depicting the distribution of A. the Asian tapeworm, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) and B. the branchiuran fish lice, Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900 from freshwater fishes in South Africa. Dark grey shading indicates provinces where freshwater fish parasitological research has been conducted more frequently.

Fig. 3 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Monogenea found from the gills of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) during the present study. A, B – Quadriacanthus aegypticus ElNaggar et Serag, 1985; C, D – Quadriacanthus allobychowskiella Paperna, 1979; E, F – Quadriacanthus clariadis Paperna, 1961; G, H – Quadriacanthus fornicatus Francov´a et ˇRehulkov´a, 2017; I – Quadriacanthus pravus Francov´a et ˇRehulkova´, 2017. Black arrows indicate structures of taxonomic relevance. Hamuli (A, C, E, G, I); male copulatory organ with accessory piece (B, D, F, H). Scale bars: 10 μm (B, D, F, H); 20 μm (I); 25 μm (A, C, E, G).

Fig. 1 in Parasite diversity and community structure of translocated Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in South Africa: Testing co-introduction, parasite spillback and enemy release hypotheses

Fig. 1. Map indicating the localities where Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) were collected during the present study. The orange overlay indicates the translocated distribution of C. gariepinus in South Africa. Dark grey shading represents provinces where freshwater fish parasitological research has been conducted more frequently. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with Nostolepis-type histological structure

Fig. 3. Third type of Nostolepis histological structure, with some scales formed entirely of a simple odontocytic mesodentine (A–C) and others an almost acellular, syncitial mesodentine (D). Vertical longitudinal sections. A. Nostolepis timanica (Valiukevičius 2003a: fig. 26A); LIGG, thin section 3375. B, C. Nostolepis platycrista (Valiukevičius 2003b: fig. 14B, C); LIGG, thin sections 3579 and 3582. D. Nostolepis paravolborthi (Valiukevičius 2003b: fig. 19D); LIGG, thin section 3556. Crown mesodentine slightly odontocytic in the lower crown only (the neck area). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with Nostolepis-type histological structure

Fig. 2. Second type of Nostolepis histological structure, with maximum stranggewebe extent, exemplified by Vesperalia perplexa (Valiukevičius 2004: fig. 3A, B). A. LIGG, thin section 3678. A1. Vertical longitudinal section of scale showing long and dense stranglakunae with short processes and interspersed osteocyte cavities, with no simple mesodentine. A2. Wide ascending and radial vascular canals. B. LIGG, thin section 3679. B1. Scale in vertical transverse section; orientation of stranglakunae and superficial dentine tubules in an odontocytic mesodentine, and a dense concentration of osteocyte cavities in the apex of base cone (B2); stranglakunae and the vascular system of the right crown part (B3). Stoniškiai−1 borehole, Lithuania, Pridoli, Silurian. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with Nostolepis-type histological structure

Fig. 1. First type of Nostolepis histological structure, with stranggewebe (posterior crown part), simple odontocytic mesodentine network (anterior crown part) and cellular bone (base). A, B, D. Nostolepis striata Pander, 1856 in vertical longitudinal sections. A. All types of tissues and ascending vascular canals (Ørvig 1967: text−fig. 5A); SMNH, thin section S 1044. B. Posterior part of crown with stranglakunae layer covered by a layer of odontocytic mesodentine (Gross 1971: fig. 2G); MNB, thin section 3658. D. Posterior part of scale containing a system of principal wide vascular canals, and a superficial layer of syncitial mesodentine (Gross 1971: fig. 6A); MNB, thin section 3935. C. Nostolepis terraborea (Valiukevičius 2003b: fig. 15C); LIGG, thin section 3644. Simple odontocytic mesodentine network and long stranglakunae in a scale without principal vascular canals. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with Nostolepis-type histological structure

Fig. 6. Microstructure of scales of the sixth type of histological structure (not belonging to the Nostolepis−type). A. Nostolepis longipostera (from Valiukevičius 2003b: fig. 12A); LIGG, thin section 3594. B. Nostolepis minilonga (from Valiukevičius 2003b: fig. 17A); LIGG, thin section 3610. Multi−branched ascending vascular canals and network of non−lacunal dentinal tubules in crowns formed of a syncitial dentine with durodentine; bone in the scale bases contains only a few osteocyte cavities. C. Watsonacanthus costatus (from Valiukevičius 2003a: fig. 32B); LIGG, thin section 3302. Ascending vascular canals and the canaliculi network is slightly similar to mesodentine in the anterior crown part, and dentine−like in the posterior part, with one principal ascending branch per growth zone, and only a few interconnecting tubuli, mostly oriented upwards; cellular bone in base. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with Nostolepis-type histological structure

Fig. 5. Fifth type of Nostolepis histological structure, with cellular unipolar mesodentine in crowns and cellular bone in scale bases showing the first and second order growth lines. A. Fecundosquama basiglobosa (Valiukevičius 2004: fig. 5A, B); LIGG, thin section 3683. Thin−lamellar deep base and low crown both of superpositional growth (A1) and rounded osteocyte cells in crowns without processe connections and unipolar outwardly emanated dentinal tubules (A2). B. Tchunacanthus obruchevi (Karatajūtė−Talimaa and Smith 2003: fig. 18B); LIGG, thin section 1333. The short unipolar dentinal tubules in a scale crown with areal growth zones and a base which continued growing after crown growth stopped. Outcrop 135, Tchuna River, southern Siberia, upper Llandovery, Silurian. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Diversity of tissues in acanthodians with Nostolepis-type histological structure

Fig. 4. Fourth type of Nostolepis histological structure, with crowns composed of a bone−like cellular mesodentine, or possibly cellular bone similar to that in scale bases. Vertical longitudinal sections. A. Acritolepis urvantsevi (Valiukevičius 2003a: fig. 16F); a bone−like mesodentine developed in the lower neck and crown areas not occupied by the stranggewebe; LIGG, thin section 3350. B. Nostolepis adzvensis (Valiukevičius 2003b: fig. 7A); LIGG, thin section 3635. C. Monospina erecta (Valiukevičius 2003b: fig. 22A, B); LIGG, thin section 3535. C1. Crown tissues without vascular canals; osteocyte cavities connected to each other by short processes; crown tissue most similar to base bone. C2. The magnified area of the anterior crown part (right corner of C1). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Revisiting lactococcal abortive infection-like antiphage systems: Diversity, structures and mechanisms

Lactococcus spp. are cornerstone species in the production of fermented dairy products such as cheese. However, the non-sterile dairy environment exposes these bacteria to phage infection, leading to potential environmental and economic losses. To counteract such phage threats, bacteria have evolved multiple defence mechanisms, including abortive infection (Abi) systems, of which many of the first (AbiA to AbiZ) were discovered in Lactococcus. Recent discoveries have expanded the list of Abi-like systems experimentally confirmed in Lactococcus species. In this review, we examine and revisit the antiphage activity spectrum, the interference with the phage lytic cycle, and the emergence of phage escape mutants associated with these systems. Since many of these systems were identified before the development of advanced functional and structural prediction tools, their domains and mechanisms have largely remained unexplored. Here, we group certain Abi-like systems based on structural superimposition and use predicted domain information to hypothesize their potential mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss established mechanisms for some Abi-like systems. Our findings confirm that the co-evolution of Lactococcus species with their phages, driven by their extensive application in dairy fermentation, has led to the selection of a diverse array of phage defence mechanisms.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Species diversity and community structure of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera) in two ecological hotspots of Iran: implication for conservation

Species diversity and community structure of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera) <a name="_Hlk115346465"></a>in two ecological hotspots of <a name="_Hlk115825047"></a>Iran: implication for conservation Parisa Abdoli1, Ali Asghar Talebi1<a title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>, Nickolas G. Kavallieratos2, Samira Farahani3 and Rasoul Khosravi4   1. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, I.R. Iran. <a name="_Hlk533412392"></a>talebia@modares.ac.ir; P.abdoli@modares.ac.ir 2. Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos  str., 11855 Athens, Attica, Greece. nick_kaval@aua.gr 3. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I. R. Iran. <a href="mailto:s.farahani@rifr-ac.ir">s.farahani@rifr-ac.ir</a> 4. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, r-khosravi@shirazu.ac.ir <div> <div> <a title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Correspondence. E-mail: talebia@modares.ac.ir   </div> </div>

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: 6 - Inventaire général de la flore vasculaire et de la fonge sur le TAG du CBNMed - Diverses données floristiques issues de structures publiques dans les départements du 06, 11, 13, 30, 34, 48, 66, 83, 84.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "6 - Inventaire général de la flore vasculaire et de la fonge sur le TAG du CBNMed - Diverses données floristiques issues de structures publiques dans les départements du 06, 11, 13, 30, 34, 48, 66, 83, 84". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/4fe0d27f-9a9a-43bc-8beb-ba81d2b47ef8">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4fe0d27f-9a9a-43bc-8beb-ba81d2b47ef8</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4fe0d27f-9a9a-43bc-8beb-ba81d2b47ef8">https://gbif.org/dataset/4fe0d27f-9a9a-43bc-8beb-ba81d2b47ef8</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.