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Figure 5 in Growth of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae), in Ubatuba (SP), Brazil

Figure 5. Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818). Growth curve in size (A) and weight (B) according to the Von Bertalanffy model, obtained from males (thick line) and females (thin line), captured in August 1996 to July 1997 in Ubatuba (SP). CW, carapace width; WW, wet weight; dotted line, asymptotic size; arrows, maximum age attained; circles, size or weight related to maximum age.

Figure 4 in Growth of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae), in Ubatuba (SP), Brazil

Figure 4. Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818). Ford–Walford transformation showing the best linear fit among the initial size and the final size after 1 month (CW+Δt), for males (A) and females (B) captured from August 1996 to July 1997 in Ubatuba (SP).

Figure 3 in Growth of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae), in Ubatuba (SP), Brazil

Figure 3. Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818). Annual cohort of males (A) and females (B) captured monthly during August 1997 to July 1998 in Ubatuba (SP). Values are means and standard deviations. CW, carapace width; C1–C6, monthly cohorts.

Figure 6 in Growth of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae), in Ubatuba (SP), Brazil

Figure 6. Comparative analyses of growth curves in size for males (A) and females (B) among portunid species. CW, carapace width.

Fig. 8 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 8. Scatterplot of the relationship between time to fatigue (min) and percent fatigued for piaus of three different speed classes (lines represent fit of the models for each size class).

Fig. 7 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 7. Mean (± standard deviation – SD; minimum – Min; and Maximum – Max) values of prolonged speed (length/s) per fatigue time (min/10) for the piau Leporinus reinhardti.

Fig. 6 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 6. Mean (± standard deviation – SD; minimum – Min; and Maximum – Max) values of time to fatigue (min) per speed class (lengths/s) for piau Leporinus reinhardti.

Fig. 5 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 5. Curves representing the relationship between critical speed (m/s) and length (m) for the piau at different temperatures, compared to two salmonids (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus nerka).

Fig. 4 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 4. Curves representing the relationship between critical swimming speed (m/s) and length (m) for the piau (continuous line in the squares on the top left of the figure) and some species from the temperate zone. Full names of some species are given in Table 2).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2009View details →

Figure 6 in Variation in elasmoid fish scale patterns is informative with regard to taxon and swimming mode

Figure 6. Scaled body section of slices (in grey) in the different longitudinal (A, C, and P) and transversal zones (1, 2, and 3). Angles increase from the central areas to the extremes. The lower insets show the transformations between the overall scale consensus shape (reference) and the shapes represented by the extremes of principal component 1 (PC1) (targets; leftmost = -ve PC1 scores; rightmost = +ve PC1 scores; see Fig. 4), which broadly reflect anterior–posterior variation in scale shape.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2009View details →

Figure 4 in Variation in elasmoid fish scale patterns is informative with regard to taxon and swimming mode

Figure 4. First two principal components (PCs) of shape labelled by species. Thin plate spline transformation grids for the extreme points of each PC are shown; these are superimposed on the shapes predicted when the average landmark configuration of all specimens is deformed into that of a hypothetical specimen positioned at the extreme of the PC of interest.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2009View details →

Figure 3 in Variation in elasmoid fish scale patterns is informative with regard to taxon and swimming mode

Figure 3. First two principal components of scale shape. A, labelled by longitudinal zones. B, labelled by transverse zones.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2006View details →

Fig. 1-6 in Swimming zooids: an unusual dispersal strategy in the ctenostome bryozoan, Hislopia

Fig. 1-6: (1) Two normal, developing adventitious buds in series (arrows) of the undescribed Thai Hislopia, Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (2) Hislopia zooid with two young nautizooid buds (arrows). Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (3) Hislopia zooid with two nautizooid buds almost ready for release. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (4) Single Hislopia zooid dissected from a colony, with five nautizooid buds distributed in seemingly random locations around the margin. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (5) Nautizooid bud, already feeding, ready to break away from the colony. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (6) Free-swimming nautizooid. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

SI for Cherns et al "Correlative tomography of exceptionally preserved Jurassic ammonite implies hyponome-propelled swimming"

================================================================================ About ================================================================================ This repository is associated with: "Correlative tomography of exceptionally preserved Jurassic ammonite implies hyponome-propelled swimming" Authored by: Lesley Cherns (1), Alan R. T. Spencer (2,3), Imran A. Rahman (3,4), Russell J. Garwood (3,5), Chris Reedman (1,6), Genoveva Burca (7,8), Martin J. Turner (9), Neville T. J. Hollingworth (10), and Jason Hilton (11) 1 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK 2 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK 3 Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK 4 Oxford University Museum of Natural History, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 5 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 6 Jurassic Coast Trust HQ, Bridport, Dorset, UK 7 Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility, Harwell, UK 8 Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 9 Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 10 Science and Technology Facilities Council, Swindon, UK 11 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK ================================================================================ Contents ================================================================================ This archive contains the following file(s): - ct_dataset.zip - dragonfly_sigaloceras_enodatum.zip - neutron_dataset.zip - neutron_dataset_cropped_cleaned.zip - photogrammetry_block_model.ply - photogrammetry_dataset.zip - stl_model_meshes.zip - video.mkv - video_blender.zip + metadata.txt (this file) ================================================================================ Note on .zip archives: ================================================================================ All .zip archive where created using 7-zip (https://www.7-zip.org/), using the default .zip settings. ================================================================================ File Descriptions and Metadata: ================================================================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ct_dataset.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- X-ray CT data. A Nikon Metrology XTek XT H 225 at the University of Manchester was used. The scan used a 0.5mm Copper filter, 145 kV, uA 85, capturing 6000  projections on a 3192 x 2296 detector. The projection data was reconstructed  using Nikon Metrology NV’s XT 5.1.4.3 software. Dataset is consists of a .vol and .vgi (metadata) file. The .vol contains the raw data for the individual slices. Each image has the following properties: Images format: 32-bit float (raw) Image x/y: 3189 x 3191 px  Number of images: 1150 Caculated voxel size: 19.6419 µm Uncompressed total size: 45 GB -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dragonfly_sigaloceras_enodatum.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contains: sigaloceras_enodatum_final.ORSSession | 8.8 GB (uncompressed) The sigaloceras_enodatum_final.ORSSession file is a save DragonFly session. The session conatains the full setup (aligned Nutron and CT datasets, ROIs,  segments, and meshes) used to produce and interpret the ammonite.  DragonFly version: 2021.1.0.977 See: https://www.theobjects.com/dragonfly/index.html DragonFly was used under the terms of its Non-Commercial Use License. Non-commercial licenses are granted free-of-charge to qualified researchers,  academics, and non-commercial developers for non-profit research or development  purposes. Non-commercial licenses are valid for a one-year period and can be renewed  annually at no charge. See: https://www.theobjects.com/dragonfly/get-non-commercial-licensing-program.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- neutron_dataset.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neutron tomography was performed at the IMAT beamline of ISIS Neutron and Muon  Source, UK. Imaging was undertaken using an optical camera box with a  field-of-view of 120 x 120 mm2. A total of 1801 projections were acquired  over 360° rotation, with an exposure time of 30 s per projection, giving a total  duration of ~15 hours. Projections were reconstructed as two-dimensional  slices using Octopus Imaging Software. These slices have an uncompressed total  size of 15.4 GB. Each slice in the stack has the following properties: Images format: 16-bit .tiff Image x/y: 2048 x 2048 px  Number of images: 2048 Caculated voxel size: 58 µm Image size (uncompressed): 8192 MB each. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- neutron_dataset_cropped_cleaned.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Neutron tomographic slices that have been cropped and cleaned (ie. had background  noise removed) based on images in neutron_dataset.zip. Images in .tiff format. 1715 images in stack. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- photogrammetry_block_model.ply -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Model in .ply format (with coloured vertex) showing the limestone block and  counter-part of the ammonite. 257136 vertices and 513513 faces. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- photogrammetry_dataset.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Photographs, with backgrounds removed, used to generate the 3D block model via photogrammetry. The .zip archive contains 142 photographs. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- stl_model_meshes.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .zip archive containing the 49 .stl meshes used in the creation of the 3D reconstructions. These meshes have been smoothed within DragonFly prior to  exportation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- video.mkv -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Video showing annimation starting with the limestone block and ammonite in place, ammonite is then shown on its own, before the combinded neutron and x-ray tomography results are presented. Length: 00:43 min Size: 23.9MB Format: .mkv -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- video_blender.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This .zip contains the Blender file used in the creation of the video.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in A swimming medusoid gonophore in the life cycle of Ventromma halecioides (Alder, 1859) (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata: Kirchenpaueriidae)

Fig. 1. (A) Portion of colony showing the cauline apophysis and its associated nematotheca, and proximal part of a cladium with first hydrothecate internode and its thecae. (B) Expanded hydranth, showing colors in life. (C) Gonotheca with female gonophore. (D) Whole young male gonophore extracted from its gonotheca. (E-F) Newly-liberated female medusoid (E) and close-up showing polygonal oocytes (F). (G) Squashed female medusoid showing Y-shaped spadix. (H-I) Stained (H) and cross-section (I) through female medusoid showing the spadix encircled by single layer of oocytes. (J-K) Female medusoid escaping from its protective membrane (J) and newly-liberated individual (K). (L) Male medusoid enveloped in membrane. Scale bars: 50 μm (B), 100 μm (A, F), 200 μm (C, G-I, L), 400 μm (D, E, J, K).

Fig. 5 in A non-avian dinosaur with a streamlined body exhibits potential adaptations for swimming

Fig. 5 Life reconstruction of Natovenator polydontus (Artwork by Yusik Choi). The reconstruction shows the proposed swimming behaviour of Natovenator polydontus.

Fig. 4 in A non-avian dinosaur with a streamlined body exhibits potential adaptations for swimming

Fig. 4 Body plan of Natovenator polydontus (MPC-D 102/114, holotype) and dorsal rib morphology of various diving birds and terrestrial taxa. a Dorsal series of Natovenator in ventral view. b Reconstruction of dorsal vertebrae and ribs of Natovenator in left lateral view. c Skeletal reconstruction of Natovenator with missing parts in dark grey. d–i Dorsal rib morphology of Natovenator (d), diving birds (e–i), common ostrich (j), and Shri devi, a likely terrestrial dromaeosaurid from the Baruungoyot Formation (k) in ventral view (not to scale). l Reconstruction of the fourth dorsal vertebra with corresponding ribs in anterior view. d2 second dorsal vertebra, r2 second dorsal rib, r3 third dorsal rib, r4 fourth dorsal rib.

Fig. 3 in A non-avian dinosaur with a streamlined body exhibits potential adaptations for swimming

Fig. 3 Postcranial elements and phylogenetic position of Natovenator polydontus (MPC-D 102/114, holotype). a Anterior cervical vertebrae in left lateral view. b Axis and third cervical vertebra in dorsal view. c Fourth cervical vertebra in dorsal view. d Posterior cervical vertebrae in right lateral view. e Dorsal series in right lateral view. f Anterior caudal vertebrae in right lateral view. g Left forearm elements in medial view and manus in ventral view. h Right foot in ventral view. i Phylogenetic position of Natovenator in Dromaeosauridae. Numbers at each node indicate Bremer support values. at atlas, c3 third cervical vertebra, c4 fourth cervical vertebra, c7 seventh cervical vertebra, c9 ninth cervical vertebra, ch chevron, d7 seventh dorsal vertebra, fem femur, mc I metacarpal I, mt III metatarsal III, mt IV metatarsal IV, poz postzygapophysis, prz prezygapophysis, r radius, r7 seventh dorsal rib, ul ulna, I-2 pedal phalanx I-2.

Fig. 2 in A non-avian dinosaur with a streamlined body exhibits potential adaptations for swimming

Fig. 2 Skull of Natovenator polydontus (MPC-D 102/114, holotype). a–d Skull in left lateral (a), right lateral (b), dorsal (c), and ventral (d) views. e µCTrendered image sliced at the point marked on a, showing a cross-section of the premaxillary and anterior maxillary teeth in dorsal view. f Micro-computed tomography (µCT) rendered image of the occipital region in posterior view. g µCT-rendered image of the pterygoid and quadrate.?bm possible bite mark, d dentary, f frontal, h humerus, l lacrimal, m5 5th maxillary tooth, mx maxilla, na nasal p parietal, p13 13th premaxillary tooth, pl palatine, pm premaxilla, pop paroccipital process, pt pterygoid, q quadrate, rt replacement tooth, sq squamosal, so supraoccipital.