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UAV time series and tree crowns
<p>This dataset contains:</p><p>-A UAV time series of mosaicked images of a woodland in Northeast UK. Complete detaisl are given in: "Elias Fernando Berra, Rachel Gaulton, Stuart Barr, Assessing spring phenology of a temperate woodland: A multiscale comparison of ground, unmanned aerial vehicle and Landsat satellite observations, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 223, 2019, Pages 229-242, ISSN 0034-4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.01.010." </p><p>-Manual (reference) and automatic delinetaed tree crowns for the area covered by the UAV time series data. Complete details in: Elias F. Berra. Individual tree crown detection and delineation across a woodland using leaf-on and leaf-off imagery from a UAV consumer-grade camera. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Vol. 14, Issue 3, 034501 (July 2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.14.034501</p>
Data for: "Continental-scale patterns in diel flight timing of high-altitude migratory insects"
<p>This dataset contains the proportional migratory insect intensity and traffic data used in Haest <em>et al.</em> (2024) to quantify patterns in diel flight periodicity of migratory insects between 50-500m above ground level during March-October 2021 using a network of seventeen vertical-looking radars across Europe. Please see the Materials and Methods section in Haest <em>et al.</em> (2024) for more details on the dataset. </p>
Ground temperature time series in European mountain permafrost
<p>RELATED PUBLICATION</p> <p>This dataset is related to the following publication:</p> <p><strong>Noetzli J., Isaksen, K., Barnett, J., Chrisitiansen, H.H., Delaloye, R., Etzelmueller, B., Farinotti, D., Gallemann, T., Guglielmin, M., Hauck, C., Hilbich, C., Hoelzle, M., Lambiel, C., Magnin, F., Oliva, M., Paro, L, Pogliotti, P., Riedl, C., Schoeneich, P., M., Valt, M., Vieli A., Philliips, M. (2024). Enhanced permafrost warming in Euro­pean mountains in the 21st century. Nature Communications, 15, 10508, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54831-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54831-9</a>.</strong></p> <p><strong>==> </strong></p> <p><strong>For information on the measurements, selection criteria, processing information and data providers please refer to the methods, data availability and acknowledgements sections of the related publication ! </strong></p> <p> </p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>CONTENT</p> <p>The dataset includes monthly and annual time series of ground temperatures measured in 64 boreholes in European mountain permafrost areas and corresponding metadata.</p> <p>Temporal coverage: at least 10 years until 2022</p> <p>Spatial coverage: European mountain regions (Svalbard, Scandinavia, Iceland, European Alps, Sierra Nevada)</p> <p>Depth of measurements: at least 10 m; for all boreholes data of the sensors closest to 5, 10 and 20 m depth are included</p> <p>Monthly means are calculated from daily values and annual values are derived from monthly mean values.</p> <p> </p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>DATA COMPILATION</p> <p>The data were compiled to derive 10-year and 20-year warming rates in European mountain permafrost in the study by Noetzli et al. (in review, see above). Data were collected from national permafrost observation networks as well as from individual institutions (e.g, universities, environmental agencies).</p> <p>The aquisition of long time series over decades requires long-term committment from the responsible institutions to maintain instruments and to collect and curate the data. Details on the data source for each time series can be found in the metadata file as well as in the related publication. The main data sources by country are given in the list below.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Country</strong></td> <td><strong>Data source (institution or national network)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Austria</td> <td>GeoSphere Austria</td> </tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td>Réseau français d'observation du permafrost (PermaFrance, <a href="https://wslch365-my.sharepoint.com/personal/jeannette_noetzli_slf_ch/Documents/PermafrostEurope/permafrance.osug.fr">permafrance.osug.fr</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>Bavarian Environment Agency</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Iceland</td> <td>University of Oslo</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> <td>ARPA Piemonte, ARPA Valle d'Aosta, ARPA Veneto, University of Insubria</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Norway</td> <td>Norwegian Permafrost Monitoring Network (<a href="https://cryo.met.no/">cryo.met.no</a> and <a href="http://sios-svalbard.org/">sios-svalbard.org</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Spain</td> <td>Universitat de Barcelona</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Svalbard</td> <td>Norwegian Permafrost Monitoring Network (<a href="https://cryo.met.no/">cryo.met.no</a> and <a href="http://sios-svalbard.org/">sios-svalbard.org</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sweden</td> <td>University of Stockholm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland</td> <td>Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network PERMOS (<a href="http://www.permos.ch">http://www.permos.ch</a>)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>FILES AND FORMAT</p> <p>This data set includes three csv-files: <br>1) metadata with information on the measurement location and data provider<br>2) monthly ground temperature time series and <br>3) annual ground temperature time series. </p> <p>The variables in the three files are described below. Data files are in long data format.</p> <p><strong>File 1 – borehole_overview.csv<br></strong>Key information on the boreholes, responsible institutions and contact persons.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Variable</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Name</td> <td>Name of the borehole (as used in the related study)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Country</td> <td>Alpha-2 code</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Region</td> <td>Larger region</td> </tr> <tr> <td>First_year</td> <td>First year of data</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Elevation [m asl.]</td> <td>Elevation of the borehole</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lat [° N]</td> <td>Latitude</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lon [° E]</td> <td>Longitude</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Depth [m]</td> <td>Total depth of the borehole</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DZAA [m]</td> <td>Depth of the Zero Annual Amplitude (uppermost sensor with annual amplitude ≤0.1)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Phase lag</td> <td>Phase lag at 10 m depth compared to surface in months</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Morphology</td> <td>Main morphology of the site</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Surface_cover</td> <td>Main surface cover at the site</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lithology</td> <td>Main lithology of the site</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ice_content</td> <td>Basic classification by ground ice content at the site (no ice, ice-poor, ice-bearing, ice-rich), see publication for details</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Institution</td> <td>Responsible institution (in the year 2024)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Contact_person</td> <td>Contact person (in the year 2024)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Special_remarks</td> <td>Remarks on location, e.g. horizontal borehole</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong>File 2 – permafrost_temperatures_european_mountains_monthly_2022.csv<br></strong>Time series of monthly mean ground temperatures at ca. 5, 10 and 20 m depth for 64 boreholes in European mountain permafrost until 2022.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Variable</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>bh</td> <td>Name of the borehole</td> </tr> <tr> <td>time [YYYY-MM-DD]</td> <td>Date</td> </tr> <tr> <td>depth [m]</td> <td>Depth of measurement</td> </tr> <tr> <td>temp [°C]</td> <td>Monthly mean ground temperature (aggregated from daily values)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>t_min [°C]</td> <td>Minimum daily ground temperature of the year</td> </tr> <tr> <td>t_max [°C]</td> <td>Maximum daily ground temperature of the year</td> </tr> <tr> <td>count</td> <td>Number of daily values available to calculate monthly mean values</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dclass [5, 10 or 20 m]</td> <td>Depth class defined for analyses in related study</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong>File 3 – permafrost_temperatures_european_mountains_annual_2022.csv<br></strong>Time series of annual mean ground temperatures at ca. 5, 10 and 20 m depth for 64 boreholes in European mountain permafrost until 2022.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Variable</strong></td> <td><strong>Description</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>bh</td> <td>Name of the borehole</td> </tr> <tr> <td>time [YYYY]</td> <td>Year</td> </tr> <tr> <td>depth [m]</td> <td>Depth of measurement</td> </tr> <tr> <td>temp [°C]</td> <td>Annual mean ground temperature (aggregated from monthly values)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>t_min [°C]</td> <td>Minimum monthly ground temperature of the year</td> </tr> <tr> <td>t_max [°C]</td> <td>Maximum monthlyground temperature of the year</td> </tr> <tr> <td>count</td> <td>Number of monthly values available to calculate annual mean values</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dclass [5, 10 or 20 m]</td> <td>Depth class defined for analyses in related study</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>CONTACT</p> <p>For question related to this dataset please contact the corresponding author: jeannette.noetzli@slf.ch. <br>For questions related to a specific time series, see metadata for contact information.</p>
Dataset: The Role of News Consumption on Influencers' Facebook Pages in Threat Perception and Political Conservatism During Times of COVID-19: A Comparative Study between the USA, Spain, and Egypt
<p>Este archivo ofrece los datos en bruto de una encuesta examina el impacto del consumo de noticias en las páginas de Facebook de los influencers en la motivación del conservadurismo político durante amenazas como el terrorismo o las pandemias. Muestra: N=1309, jóvenes de entre 18 y 35 años en Estados Unidos, España y Egipto. Trabajo de campo realizado entre el 10 de agosto de 2021 y el 5 de septiembre de 2021.</p> <p><span>Dataset correspondiente al proyecto El rol de la ciudadanía en la comunicación política digital CI-COMPOL (PID2020-119492GB-I00) financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/. IP: Andreu Casero-Ripollés, Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicación, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón</span></p>
Catalog of NE Italy earthquakes Mw with related velocimetric time series
<p>Mw catalog (xlsx format) of earthquakes occurred in Norheastern Italy from 2016 to 2023; the catalog reports estimations for:</p> <ul> <li>ML (Bragato and Tento, 2005);</li> <li>Mw calculated from SA (Moratto et al., 2017);</li> <li>Mw calculated from MT (Moment Tensor; Saraò et al., 2021);</li> <li>The tgz file with the corrected velocimetric waveforms (SAC fomat with P and S arrival times used for the locations and units in m/s); tgz file can be found in Waveforms.tgz. EVDP SAC header is expressed in meters.</li> </ul> <p>Continuous raw time series can be dowloaded from Oasis website (Priolo et al., 2015).</p> <p> </p>
Biomass Domestic Material Consumption by Country and over Time
<p>Biomass domestic material consumption in thousand tons, and tons per capita for European countries.</p> <p>Our dataset has a 10.4% larger congruent dataset (to be used in various supervised or unsupervised learning models, such as machine learning) than the original Eurostat dataset after imputation, backcasting, forecasting. It has overall 18% more observations after processing than the dataset at source. </p>
Long-term MODIS LST day-time and night-time temperatures, sd and differences at 1 km based on the 2000–2020 time series
<p>Layers include: Land Surface Temperature daytime monthly median value 2000–2017, Land Surface Temperature daytime monthly sd value 2000–2017, Land Surface Temperature daytime monthly day-night difference 2000–2017. Derived using the <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/tree/master/input_layers/MOD11A2">data.table package and quantile function in R</a>. We derived four standard statistics: (1) lower 2.5% probability (l.025), median (m), upper 97.5% probability (u.975) and standard deviation (sd). Updated long-term values for 2000–2022+ are pending.</p> <p>Includes also long-term trends (trend.logit.ols) which was produced by fitting regression models to de-seasonalized time-series as explained in this <strong><a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/blob/master/input_layers/MOD13Q1/03-data-access.ipynb">python tutorial</a></strong>. Basically models are fitted for <strong>each pixel</strong> and the model parameters are saved as images.</p> <p>For more info about the MODIS LST product see: <a href="https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod11a2v006/"><strong>https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod11a2v006/</strong></a>. Antarctica is not included.</p> <p>To access and visualize maps use: <a href="http://www.openlandmap.org/">OpenLandMap.org</a></p> <p>If you discover a bug, artifact or inconsistency, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p> <ul> <li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/issues">https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/issues</a> </li> <li>General questions and comments: <a href="https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis/">https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis/</a></li> </ul> <p>All files internally compressed using "COMPRESS=DEFLATE" creation option in GDAL. File naming convention:</p> <ul> <li>clm = theme: climate,</li> <li>lst = variable: land surface temperature,</li> <li>mod11a2.oct.day = determination method: MOD11A2 product, day time values for October,</li> <li>d = median value / sd = standard deviation / u.975 = aggregation/statistics method: 97.5% probability upper quantile,</li> <li>1km = spatial resolution / block support: 1 km,</li> <li>s0..0cm = vertical reference: land surface,</li> <li>2000..2017 = time reference: from 2000 to 2017,</li> <li>v1.0 = version number: 1.0,</li> </ul>
Capacity factor time series for solar and wind power on a 50 km^2 grid in Europe
<p>This spatio-temporal dataset contains capacity factors timeseries for locations on a grid with 50km edge length in Europe. The data is resolved in one hour timesteps and comprises the years 2000--2016. It has been generated using <a href="https://www.renewables.ninja">Renewables.ninja</a> and is based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data. For each of the ~2700 onshore location, it contains one time series for onshore wind turbines and five time series for PV installations with different orientations and tilts. PV time series exist for (1) installations on open fields, (2) installations on all possible rooftops, (3) south-facing and flat rooftops, (4) east- and west-facing rooftops, (5) north-facing rooftops. For each of the ~2800 offshore location there is one timeseries for offshore wind turbines.</p> <p>Two GeoTIFF files contain spatial information of onshore and offshore locations. For each of the three technologies -- onshore wind, offshore wind, and PV -- there is one NetCDF file determining the temporal dimension and containing the data. The GeoTIFF and NetCDF files are linked through unique IDs for all locations.</p> <p>This data serves as input data to euro-calliope, a model of the European electricity system.</p> <p>The following parameters have been used to generate the timeseries:</p> <pre><code>resolution-grid: 50 # [km^2] corresponding to MERRA resolution pv-performance-ratio: 0.9 hub-height: onshore: 105 # m, median hub height of V90/2000 in Europe between 2010 and 2018 offshore: 87 # m, median hub height of SWT-3.6-107 in Europe between 2010 and 2018 turbine: onshore: "vestas v90 2000" # most built between 2010 and 2018 in Europe offshore: "siemens swt 3.6 107" # most built between 2010 and 2018 in Europe</code></pre> <p>CHANGELOG:</p> <p>Version 3 (2022-05-18)</p> <p>* Update spatial scope to include Iceland and its offshore EEZ.<br> * Update temporal scope to include 2017 and 2018.</p> <p>Effect of increasing spatial scope is a slight change in the spatial position of the data points.</p> <p>Version 2 (2020-06-18)</p> <p>* Add time series for rooftop PV with different orientations.</p>
Survey data on households' use of smart home technology and their time of use of electric appliances (eCAPE)
<p>This survey data includes the responsed from a survey questionnaire which was used to collect information on smart home technologies and time of use of electric appliances in Danish households. The survey covers themes like adoption and use ofhousehold appliances, households’ division of everyday chores, timing of everyday activities, and everyday flexibility.</p> <p>The purpose of this survey is to gather information about Danish households and their everyday practices and flexibility related to electricity use. The intention is to combine questions from the survey with real time data of electricity consumption at household level with a time resolution of few minutes, and to do so for a large representative population. However, the electricity consumption is not allowed to share publicly, and therefore not included in this data upload. </p> <p>The survey includes questions of socio-economic factors.</p> <p>The questionnaire was distributed in Danish but was developed in and translated from English because ofinternational cooperation.</p> <p>The survey was developed under the project eCAPE - New Energy Consumer Roles and Smart Technologies– Actors, Practices and Equality. The eCAPE project is financed by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement number 786643 (https://www.ecape.aau.dk/). The project is led by Professor Kirsten Gram-Hanssen from Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University. <br><em>See also </em> <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373453718_Survey_questionnaire_on_households'_use_of_smart_home_technology_and_their_time_of_use_of_electric_appliances">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373453718_Survey_questionnaire_on_households'_use_of_smart_home_technology_and_their_time_of_use_of_electric_appliances</a> </p>
CoHERE Work Package 5 Survey of free time activities amongst Latvian schoolchildren
<p>The quantitative survey «Youth and leisure time activities, informal education and cultural heritage» was carried out as part of Work Package 5 (Education, heritage and identities) of 'Critical Heritages: Performing and presenting identities in Europe' (https://research.ncl.ac.uk/cohere/researchstrands/). This Work Package develops best practices in the production and transmission of European heritages and identities within two sectors that face challenges in an age of immigration and globalization, namely education and cultural heritage production. It explores how European identity is shaped through formal and informal learning situations both in and outside the classroom with the purpose of enhancing school curricula and informal learning at heritage sites by integrating innovative technologies and including multicultural perspectives.</p> <p>The target group: youth (age 16 to 19) from secondary schools and professional education schools in Latvia </p> <p>Sample size: 1047. Time period: December 2017 – March 2018.</p> <p>Method: a self-administered questionnaire.</p> <p>The aim of the survey is to examine how cultural heritage shape different identities in Europe, representing ideas of place, history, traditions and sense of belonging.</p> <p>Tasks of the survey:<br> 1) to get information about leisure time activities of the youth and their participation in different informal education activities;<br> 2) to examine youth opinion about the role of cultural heritage and their involvement in safeguarding cultural heritage;<br> 3) to analyse the role of cultural heritage in formation of local, national and European identities of the young people.</p>
Non-refractory particulate sulfate and chloride data from a time of flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor around the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/17, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) campaign was conducted between 20th December 2016 and 19th March 2017. The time of flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc.) was deployed. It is capable of providing 10-minute resolution chemical compositions of NR-PM1 (non-refractory particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 µm), including sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and organics. Chloride is refractory and can only be measured qualitatively, that is relative changes in intensity are trustworthy while absolute concentrations are a clear underestimation, because most of the chloride is in refractory form as part of sea salt in the marine environment. Since this ACSM dataset was collected on the ship, the ship exhaust will occasionally interfere with the natural signal. Therefore data gaps exist. The overall concentrations of particulate organics, nitrate and ammonium remained low, mostly below detection limit, except during the polluted periods. Thus, we do not report these three components. Only sulphate can be retrieved as a quantitative variable from this dataset.</p> <p>This dataset provides limited information on the chemical composition of sub-micron non-refractory aerosol in the Southern Ocean and gives hints on potential sources. Chloride clearly reflects the contribution of sea salt to the aerosol population. This can be checked by relating the particulate chloride to wind speed (Landwehr et al., 2019; 10.5281/zenodo.3379590) and particles with large diameters (Schmale et al., 2019; 10.5281/zenodo.2636709). Particulate sulphate may originate from a variety of sources: sea salt (minor contribution), anthropogenic emissions and natural marine emissions of dimethylsulfide, which is converted to SO2 and sulphuric acid in the atmosphere and can subsequently partition into the particle phase via gas-phase or aqueous phase reactions (Schmale et al., 2019).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>raw_chl_SO4_mz_55_57_manual_with_flags.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>calibration_info.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> </ul>
Labeled Time Series Data of Force/Torque for Monitoring Assembly Processes with a Delta Robot
<p>This dataset comprises 524 recordings of 6-dimensional time series data, capturing forces in three directions and torques in three directions during the assembly of small car model wheels. The data was collected using an equidistant sampling method with a sampling period of 0.004 seconds. Each time series represents the process of assembling one wheel, specifically the placement of a tire onto a rim, and includes a label indicating whether the assembly was successful (OK). The wheels were assembled in batches of four, and the recordings were obtained over six different days. The labels of recordings from two (days 3 and 4) of the six days are invalid as described in [1]. The labels presented in this data set are only binary (they do not describe the reason of the failure). The labels of recordings from days 5 and 6 are created by human while the other labels came from a convolutional neural network based computer vision classifier and can be inaccurate as described in section 5.4 of [1]. </p> <h4>Dataset Structure:</h4> <ul> <li><strong>File:</strong> <code>ForceTorqueTimeSeries.csv</code> <ul> <li><strong>Columns:</strong> <ul> <li><code>idx (1-524)</code>: Index of the recording corresponding to the assembly of one wheel.</li> <li><code>label (true/false)</code>: Indicates whether the assembly was successful (TRUE = product is OK).</li> <li><code>meas_id (1-6)</code>: Identifier for the day on which the recording was made (refer to Table 2.1 in [1]).</li> <li><code>force_x</code>: X-component of the force measured by the sensor mounted on the delta robot's end effector.</li> <li><code>force_y</code>: Y-component of the force.</li> <li><code>force_z</code>: Z-component of the force.</li> <li><code>torque_x</code>: X-component of the torque.</li> <li><code>torque_y</code>: Y-component of the torque.</li> <li><code>torque_z</code>: Z-component of the torque.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Additional Files:</h4> <ul> <li><strong><code>IMG_3351.MOV</code>:</strong> A video demonstrating the assembly process for one batch of four wheels.</li> <li><strong><code>F3-BP-2024-Trna-Ales-Ales Trna - 2024 - Anomaly detection in robotic assembly process using force and torque sensors.pdf</code>:</strong> Bachelor thesis [1] detailing the dataset and preliminary experiments on fault detection.</li> <li><strong><code>F3-BP-2024-Hanzlik-Vojtech-Anomaly_Detection_Bachelors_Thesis.pdf</code>:</strong> Bachelor thesis [2] describing the data acquisition process.</li> </ul> <h3>References:</h3> <ol> <li>Trna, A. (2024). <em>Anomaly detection in robotic assembly process using force and torque sensors</em> [Bachelor’s thesis, Czech Technical University in Prague].</li> <li>Hanzlik, V. (2024). <em>Edge AI integration for anomaly detection in assembly using Delta robot</em> [Bachelor’s thesis, Czech Technical University in Prague].</li> </ol>
The mass of the lowermost stratosphere (LMS): LMS mass calculation and trends in five reanalyses for the time period 1979–2019
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>Python code to calculate the mass of the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) and investigate LMS mass trends with the dynamic linear regression model (DLM, Laine et al. 2014, Alsing 2019) as presented in Weyland et al. (2024). The LMS mass is calculated via a three dimensioal integral, following Appenzeller et al. (1996), given an upper and lower LMS boundary surface (4D pressure fields). Here, the lateral boundary is determined via the intersection of the tropopause with the 350K isentrope (4D pressure field). The upper LMS boundary can be defined by the isentrope according to the potential temperature at the tropical lapse rate tropopause (PPT10mean) or the cold point (PPTcp10mean) or approximated by the 380K isentrope. See Weyland et. al (2024) for further description and context.</p> <p>The mass calculation is performed with calc_LMS_mass.py.</p> <p>The DLM trend analysis is conducted with dlm_LMS_mass.py, using dlm_modules.py. In order to be able to use the provided code, the dlmmc model code has to be downloaded from <a href="https://github.com/justinalsing/dlmmc">https://github.com/justinalsing/dlmmc</a> (Alsing 2019).</p> <p>The neccesary 3D (time, lat, lon) pressure fields to define the LMS boundaries are provided for the time period 1979–2019<sup>1</sup> from five modern reanalyses: ERA5<sup>2</sup> (Hersbach et al., 2020), ERA-Interim (Dee et al., 2011), MERRA-2 (Gelaro et al., 2017) and JRA-55 (Kobayashi et al., 2015) and JRA3Q (Kosaka et al., 2024):</p> <ul> <li>lrtp*.nc : <ul> <li>3D (time, lat, lon) pressure, temperature and potential temperature at the WMO lapse rate tropopause for the time period 1979-2019<sup>1</sup>, derived from monthly mean data on pressure levels from the respective reanalysis. The lapse rate detection algorithm closely follows that of Birner et al. (2010), based on the work of Reichler et al. (2003). The lapse rate tropopause can serve as the lower LMS boundary. The potential temperature at the lapse rate tropopause between 10°N-10°S is used to define a „dynamic“ upper LMS boundary (PPT10mean).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>cp*.nc : <ul> <li>3D (time, lat, lon) pressure, temperature and potential temperature at the cold point for the time period 1979–2019<sup>1 </sup>, derived from monthly mean data on pressure levels from the respective reanalysis. The cold point here is defined by the pressure corresponding to a lapse rate of 0K/km. The potential temperature at the cold point between 10°N–10°S is used to define a „dynamic“ upper LMS boundary (PPTcp10mean).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>ppt10mean*.nc : <ul> <li>3D (time, lat, lon) pressure at the isentrope accroding to the potential temperature at the tropical (10°N–10°S) lapse rate tropopause (PPT10mean) for the time period 1979–2019<sup>1</sup>, derived from lrtp*.nc. PPT10mean can be used to define the upper LMS boundary.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>pptcp10mean*.nc : <ul> <li>3D (time, lat, lon) pressure at the isentrope accroding to the potential temperature at the cold point between 10°N-10°S (PPTcp10mean) for the time period 1979–2019<sup>1</sup>, derived from cp*.nc. PPTcp10mean can be used to define the upper LMS boundary.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>p380K*.nc : <ul> <li>3D (time, lat, lon) pressure at the 380K isentrope for the time period 1979–2019<sup>1</sup>, derived from monthly mean data on pressure levels from the respective reanalysis. The 380K isentropic pressure field can be used to approximate the upper LMS boundary.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>p350K*.nc : <ul> <li>3D (time, lat, lon) pressure at the 350K isentrope for the time period 1979–2019<sup>1</sup>, derived from monthly mean data on pressure levels from the respective reanalysis. The 350K isentrope is used to determine the lateral LMS boundaries via its intersection with the tropopause. This intersection approximates the location of the subtropical jet streams and the maximum PV-gradient, marking a transport barrier. It is determined by the sign change of the pressure difference between the tropopause and the 350K isentrope.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>my_enso_79-19.txt : <ul> <li>Regressor to account for El-Niño/Southern Oscillation for the time period 1979–2019. Source: <a href="https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/">https://psl.noaa.gov/enso/mei/</a>, last accessed: 11 July 2023. The data has been normalized and centered around zero. The use of regressors is optional.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>my_qbo30_79-19.txt and my_qbo50_79-19.txt : <ul> <li>Regressor to account for the quasi-biennial oscillation at 30 and 50 hPa for the time period 1979–2019. Source: <a href="https://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/ag/strat/produkte/qbo/qbo.dat">https://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/ag/strat/produkte/qbo/qbo.dat</a>, last accessed: 11 July 2023. The data has been normalized and centered around zero. The use of regressors is optional.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>my_SAOD_79-19.txt : <ul> <li>Regressor to account for stratospheric (volcanic) aerosol optical depth for the time period 1979-2019. Source: <a href="https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/project/GloSSAC/GloSSAC_1.0">https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/project/GloSSAC/GloSSAC_1.0</a>, last accessed: 11 July 2023. The data has been normalized. The use of regressors is optional.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>For further details see Weyland et al. (2024).</p> <p><sup>1</sup>Note that the ERA-Interim time series ends in 2018 and that the MERRA-2 time series starts in 1980.</p> <p><sup>2</sup>For the time period 2000–2006, the sub-reanalysis ERA5.1 replaces ERA5, correcting the reanalysis for a cold bias in the lower stratosphere (Simmons et al., 2020).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>How to use – example: </strong></p> <p>Assuming you are interested in the LMS mass between a lower boundary (-lb, e.g., the lapse rate tropopause) and an upper boundary (-ub, e.g., the 380K isentrope) in ERA5 for the entire Northern hemisphere (-lat=NH) covering the time period 1979-2019:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li> <p>Calculate the respective LMS mass timeseries:</p> <p><strong>$ python calc_LMS_mass.py -lb=lrtp_ERA5.nc -ub=p380K_ERA5.nc -latb=p350K_ERA5.nc -lat=NH -fout=LMS_mass_ERA5_lrtp_p380K_NH.nc</strong></p> <p>Isentropic pressure at 350K (-latb) is required to determine the lateral LMS boundary. The LMS mass time series together with an uncertainty estimate is saved to a netCDF file (-fout), e.g. „LMS_mass_ERA5_lrtp_p380K_NH.nc“.</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li> <p>Perform a DLM trend analysis for your LMS mass time series, here LMS_mass_ERA5_lrtp_p380K_NH.nc (-mf) :</p> <p>Download the DLM model code (dlmmc) from <a href="https://github.com/justinalsing/dlmmc">https://github.com/justinalsing/dlmmc</a> (Alsing 2019) and save the „dlmmc“ folder, containing the DLM modules in your working directory.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>$ python dlm_lms_mass.py -mf=LMS_mass_ERA5_lrtp_p380K_NH.nc -s=2000</strong></p> <p>In this example, the DLM will provide 2000 samples (-s) after an additional 1000 warm-up samples.</p> <p>The DLM time series, containing 2000 samples (-s) per time step, is saved to a netCDF file. The name of the output file can be specifyed with -fout. Default is „dlm_“ + mf, i.e. „dlm_ LMS_mass_ERA5_lrtp_p380K_NH.nc“ in this example.</p> <p>The function dlm_lms_mass.dlm_lms_mass contains an option to visualize the DLM result (plot=True). Furthermore, it can be specified whether the DLM should be run with regressors (use_regressors=True) or without regressors (use_regressors=False).</p> <p>See the DLM documentation (Laine et al. 2014, Alsing 2019) for further options.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Funding</strong>: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – TRR 301 – Project-ID 428312742: “The tropopause region in a changing atmosphere”.</p>
Annual time series of global VIIRS nighttime lights for 2000-2024 at 500-m spatial resolution extrapolated using logistic regression
<p>The <a href="https://eogdata.mines.edu/products/vnl/"><strong>Annual Visible Night Light (VNL) V2</strong></a> (VIIRS) images at 500-m spatial resolution for the period 2012 to 2024 (Elvidge et al., 2021) have been used to extrapolate the values backwards for years 2000–2011. This was done by fitting a logistic regression (per pixel) and then predicting the values for the previous years (see nightlights_stack_500m.R). After consistent time-series have been produced, I also derived the difference between year 2024 and year 2000 (nightlights.difference_viirs.v21_m_500m_s_2000_2024_go_epsg4326_v20230318.tif): this shows average rate of change for the 25 years period. Use with caution: extrapolation of values can lead to artifacts. For most of the land surface, however, it appears that the growth of night lights follows exponential growth function and hence nights in the past can be represented accurately by fitting decay / logistic regression function.</p> <p>Original values from the Annual VNL V2 product have been converted from 0–200 to 0–2000 scale and are available as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs.</p> <p>Principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4) were derived using SAGA GIS (sums-of-squares-and-cross-products matrix) method. The first PC1 usually matches the long-term mean value, PC2 matches the 1st derivation in values. File "nightlights_dmsp.v10_m_1km_s_19920101_20241231_go_epsg4326_v20251006.tif" contains 33 years 1992 to 2024, but at 1 km resolution.</p> <p>To cite the Annual VNL V2, please use:</p> <ul> <li>Elvidge, C. D., Zhizhin, M., Ghosh, T., Hsu, F. C., & Taneja, J. (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050922">Annual time series of global VIIRS nighttime lights derived from monthly averages: 2012 to 2019</a>. Remote Sensing, 13(5), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050922</li> </ul> <p>Historic night light images (1 km resolution) are also available from <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9828827.v10">Figshare</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Li, X., Zhou, Y., Zhao, M., & Zhao, X. (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0510-y">A harmonized global nighttime light dataset 1992–2018</a>. Scientific data, 7(1), 168. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0510-y</li> </ul>
Data and code for: Little directional change in the timing of Arctic spring phenology over the past twenty-five years
<p>Data and code accompanying the publication: Little directional change in the timing of Arctic spring phenology over the past twenty-five years.</p> <p>This resource contains 1. R-scripts to calculate yearly phenologies from raw temporally explicit flowerin, arthropod observation and bird nesting data from Zackenberg. The raw data is openly accessible through the Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring database (https://data.g-e-m.dk/), as well as an R-script to carry out most of the analyses presented in the publication. To facilitate the use of the analysis script, pre-produced annual phenologies of focal taxa are included as csv-tables.</p>
Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km): Yearly time-series (2000-2011)
<p>This data is part of the <em>Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km)</em> dataset. Check the related identifiers section on the Zenodo side panel to access other parts of the dataset.</p><p><strong>General Description</strong></p><p>The monthly aggregated water vapor dataset is derived from <a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD19A2"><abbr title="MCD19A2 MODIS/Terra+Aqua daily product">MCD19A2 v061</abbr></a>. The Water Vapor data measures the column above ground retrieved from MODIS near-IR bands at 0.94μm. The dataset time spans from 2000 to 2022 and provides data that covers the entire globe. The dataset can be used in many applications like water cycle modeling, vegetation mapping, and soil mapping. This dataset includes:</p><ul><li><strong>Monthly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>MCD19A2 v061</em>, this data provides a monthly aggregated mean and standard deviation of daily water vapor time-series data from 2000 to 2022. Only positive non-cloudy pixels were considered valid observations to derive the mean and the standard deviation. The remaining no-data values were filled using the <abbr title="Moving Window Median">TMWM</abbr> algorithm. This dataset also includes smoothed mean and standard deviation values using the Whittaker method. The quality assessment layers and the number of valid observations for each month can provide an indication of the reliability of the monthly mean and standard deviation values.</li><li><strong>Yearly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides a yearly time-series aggregated statistics of the monthly time-series data.</li><li><strong>Long-term data (2000-2022):</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides long-term aggregated statistics for the whole series of monthly observations.</li></ul><p><strong>Data Details</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Time period:</strong> 2000–2011</li><li><strong>Type of data:</strong> Water vapor column above the ground (0.001cm)</li><li><strong>How the data was collected or derived:</strong> Derived from MCD19A2 v061 using <a href="https://earthengine.google.com">Google Earth Engine</a>. Cloudy pixels were removed and only positive values of water vapor were considered to compute the statistics. The time-series gap-filling and time-series smoothing were computed using the <a href="https://github.com/scikit-map/scikit-map">Scikit-map</a> Python package.</li><li><strong>Statistical methods used:</strong> Four statistics were derived: standard deviation, percentiles 25, 50, and 75.</li><li><strong>Limitations or exclusions in the data:</strong> The dataset does not include data for Antarctica.</li><li><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> EPSG:4326</li><li><strong>Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):</strong> (-180.00000, -62.00081, 179.99994, 87.37000)</li><li><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 1/120 d.d. = 0.008333333 (1km)</li><li><strong>Image size:</strong> 43,200 x 17,924</li><li><strong>File format:</strong> Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format.</li></ul><p><strong>Support</strong></p><p>If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p><ul><li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/issues">GitLab Issues</a></li><li>General questions and comments: <a href="https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis">LandGIS Forum</a></li></ul><p><strong>Name convention</strong></p><p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are:</p><ol><li>generic variable name: wv = Water vapor</li><li>variable procedure combination: mcd19a2v061.seasconv = MCD19A2 v061 with gap-filling algorithm</li><li>Position in the probability distribution / variable type: m = mean | sd = standard deviation | n = number of observations | qa = quality assessment</li><li>Spatial support: 1km</li><li>Depth reference: s = surface</li><li>Time reference begin time: 20000101 = 2000-01-01</li><li>Time reference end time: 20111231 = 2011-12-31</li><li>Bounding box: go = global (without Antarctica)</li><li>EPSG code: epsg.4326 = EPSG:4326</li><li>Version code: v20230619 = 2023-06-19 (creation date)</li></ol>
Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km): Monthly time-series (2012-2014)
<p>This data is part of the <em>Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km)</em> dataset. Check the related identifiers section on the Zenodo side panel to access other parts of the dataset.</p><p><strong>General Description</strong></p><p>The monthly aggregated water vapor dataset is derived from <a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD19A2"><abbr title="MCD19A2 MODIS/Terra+Aqua daily product">MCD19A2 v061</abbr></a>. The Water Vapor data measures the column above ground retrieved from MODIS near-IR bands at 0.94μm. The dataset time spans from 2000 to 2022 and provides data that covers the entire globe. The dataset can be used in many applications like water cycle modeling, vegetation mapping, and soil mapping. This dataset includes:</p><ul><li><strong>Monthly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>MCD19A2 v061</em>, this data provides a monthly aggregated mean and standard deviation of daily water vapor time-series data from 2000 to 2022. Only positive non-cloudy pixels were considered valid observations to derive the mean and the standard deviation. The remaining no-data values were filled using the <abbr title="Moving Window Median">TMWM</abbr> algorithm. This dataset also includes smoothed mean and standard deviation values using the Whittaker method. The quality assessment layers and the number of valid observations for each month can provide an indication of the reliability of the monthly mean and standard deviation values.</li><li><strong>Yearly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides a yearly time-series aggregated statistics of the monthly time-series data.</li><li><strong>Long-term data (2000-2022):</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides long-term aggregated statistics for the whole series of monthly observations.</li></ul><p><strong>Data Details</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Time period:</strong> 2012–2014</li><li><strong>Type of data:</strong> Water vapor column above the ground (0.001cm)</li><li><strong>How the data was collected or derived:</strong> Derived from MCD19A2 v061 using <a href="https://earthengine.google.com">Google Earth Engine</a>. Cloudy pixels were removed and only positive values of water vapor were considered to compute the statistics. The time-series gap-filling and time-series smoothing were computed using the <a href="https://github.com/scikit-map/scikit-map">Scikit-map</a> Python package.</li><li><strong>Statistical methods used:</strong> Four statistics were derived: mean, standard deviation, smoothed mean, smoothed standard deviation.</li><li><strong>Limitations or exclusions in the data:</strong> The dataset does not include data for Antarctica.</li><li><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> EPSG:4326</li><li><strong>Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):</strong> (-180.00000, -62.00081, 179.99994, 87.37000)</li><li><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 1/120 d.d. = 0.008333333 (1km)</li><li><strong>Image size:</strong> 43,200 x 17,924</li><li><strong>File format:</strong> Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format.</li></ul><p><strong>Support</strong></p><p>If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p><ul><li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/issues">GitLab Issues</a></li><li>General questions and comments: <a href="https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis">LandGIS Forum</a></li></ul><p><strong>Name convention</strong></p><p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are:</p><ol><li>generic variable name: wv = Water vapor</li><li>variable procedure combination: mcd19a2v061.seasconv = MCD19A2 v061 with gap-filling algorithm</li><li>Position in the probability distribution / variable type: m = mean | sd = standard deviation | n = number of observations | qa = quality assessment</li><li>Spatial support: 1km</li><li>Depth reference: s = surface</li><li>Time reference begin time: 20120101 = 2012-01-01</li><li>Time reference end time: 20141231 = 2014-12-31</li><li>Bounding box: go = global (without Antarctica)</li><li>EPSG code: epsg.4326 = EPSG:4326</li><li>Version code: v20230619 = 2023-06-19 (creation date)</li></ol>
Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km): Yearly time-series (2012-2022)
<p>This data is part of the <em>Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km)</em> dataset. Check the related identifiers section on the Zenodo side panel to access other parts of the dataset.</p><p><strong>General Description</strong></p><p>The monthly aggregated water vapor dataset is derived from <a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD19A2"><abbr title="MCD19A2 MODIS/Terra+Aqua daily product">MCD19A2 v061</abbr></a>. The Water Vapor data measures the column above ground retrieved from MODIS near-IR bands at 0.94μm. The dataset time spans from 2000 to 2022 and provides data that covers the entire globe. The dataset can be used in many applications like water cycle modeling, vegetation mapping, and soil mapping. This dataset includes:</p><ul><li><strong>Monthly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>MCD19A2 v061</em>, this data provides a monthly aggregated mean and standard deviation of daily water vapor time-series data from 2000 to 2022. Only positive non-cloudy pixels were considered valid observations to derive the mean and the standard deviation. The remaining no-data values were filled using the <abbr title="Moving Window Median">TMWM</abbr> algorithm. This dataset also includes smoothed mean and standard deviation values using the Whittaker method. The quality assessment layers and the number of valid observations for each month can provide an indication of the reliability of the monthly mean and standard deviation values.</li><li><strong>Yearly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides a yearly time-series aggregated statistics of the monthly time-series data.</li><li><strong>Long-term data (2000-2022):</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides long-term aggregated statistics for the whole series of monthly observations.</li></ul><p><strong>Data Details</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Time period:</strong> 2012–2022</li><li><strong>Type of data:</strong> Water vapor column above the ground (0.001cm)</li><li><strong>How the data was collected or derived:</strong> Derived from MCD19A2 v061 using <a href="https://earthengine.google.com">Google Earth Engine</a>. Cloudy pixels were removed and only positive values of water vapor were considered to compute the statistics. The time-series gap-filling and time-series smoothing were computed using the <a href="https://github.com/scikit-map/scikit-map">Scikit-map</a> Python package.</li><li><strong>Statistical methods used:</strong> Four statistics were derived: standard deviation, percentiles 25, 50, and 75.</li><li><strong>Limitations or exclusions in the data:</strong> The dataset does not include data for Antarctica.</li><li><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> EPSG:4326</li><li><strong>Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):</strong> (-180.00000, -62.00081, 179.99994, 87.37000)</li><li><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 1/120 d.d. = 0.008333333 (1km)</li><li><strong>Image size:</strong> 43,200 x 17,924</li><li><strong>File format:</strong> Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format.</li></ul><p><strong>Support</strong></p><p>If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p><ul><li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/issues">GitLab Issues</a></li><li>General questions and comments: <a href="https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis">LandGIS Forum</a></li></ul><p><strong>Name convention</strong></p><p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are:</p><ol><li>generic variable name: wv = Water vapor</li><li>variable procedure combination: mcd19a2v061.seasconv = MCD19A2 v061 with gap-filling algorithm</li><li>Position in the probability distribution / variable type: m = mean | sd = standard deviation | n = number of observations | qa = quality assessment</li><li>Spatial support: 1km</li><li>Depth reference: s = surface</li><li>Time reference begin time: 20120101 = 2012-01-01</li><li>Time reference end time: 20221231 = 2022-12-31</li><li>Bounding box: go = global (without Antarctica)</li><li>EPSG code: epsg.4326 = EPSG:4326</li><li>Version code: v20230619 = 2023-06-19 (creation date)</li></ol>
Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km): Monthly time-series (2018-2020)
<p>This data is part of the <em>Monthly aggregated Water Vapor MODIS MCD19A2 (1 km)</em> dataset. Check the related identifiers section on the Zenodo side panel to access other parts of the dataset.</p><p><strong>General Description</strong></p><p>The monthly aggregated water vapor dataset is derived from <a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD19A2"><abbr title="MCD19A2 MODIS/Terra+Aqua daily product">MCD19A2 v061</abbr></a>. The Water Vapor data measures the column above ground retrieved from MODIS near-IR bands at 0.94μm. The dataset time spans from 2000 to 2022 and provides data that covers the entire globe. The dataset can be used in many applications like water cycle modeling, vegetation mapping, and soil mapping. This dataset includes:</p><ul><li><strong>Monthly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>MCD19A2 v061</em>, this data provides a monthly aggregated mean and standard deviation of daily water vapor time-series data from 2000 to 2022. Only positive non-cloudy pixels were considered valid observations to derive the mean and the standard deviation. The remaining no-data values were filled using the <abbr title="Moving Window Median">TMWM</abbr> algorithm. This dataset also includes smoothed mean and standard deviation values using the Whittaker method. The quality assessment layers and the number of valid observations for each month can provide an indication of the reliability of the monthly mean and standard deviation values.</li><li><strong>Yearly time-series:</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides a yearly time-series aggregated statistics of the monthly time-series data.</li><li><strong>Long-term data (2000-2022):</strong><br>Derived from <em>monthly time-series</em>, this data provides long-term aggregated statistics for the whole series of monthly observations.</li></ul><p><strong>Data Details</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Time period:</strong> 2018–2020</li><li><strong>Type of data:</strong> Water vapor column above the ground (0.001cm)</li><li><strong>How the data was collected or derived:</strong> Derived from MCD19A2 v061 using <a href="https://earthengine.google.com">Google Earth Engine</a>. Cloudy pixels were removed and only positive values of water vapor were considered to compute the statistics. The time-series gap-filling and time-series smoothing were computed using the <a href="https://github.com/scikit-map/scikit-map">Scikit-map</a> Python package.</li><li><strong>Statistical methods used:</strong> Four statistics were derived: mean, standard deviation, smoothed mean, smoothed standard deviation.</li><li><strong>Limitations or exclusions in the data:</strong> The dataset does not include data for Antarctica.</li><li><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> EPSG:4326</li><li><strong>Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):</strong> (-180.00000, -62.00081, 179.99994, 87.37000)</li><li><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 1/120 d.d. = 0.008333333 (1km)</li><li><strong>Image size:</strong> 43,200 x 17,924</li><li><strong>File format:</strong> Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format.</li></ul><p><strong>Support</strong></p><p>If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p><ul><li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/issues">GitLab Issues</a></li><li>General questions and comments: <a href="https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis">LandGIS Forum</a></li></ul><p><strong>Name convention</strong></p><p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are:</p><ol><li>generic variable name: wv = Water vapor</li><li>variable procedure combination: mcd19a2v061.seasconv = MCD19A2 v061 with gap-filling algorithm</li><li>Position in the probability distribution / variable type: m = mean | sd = standard deviation | n = number of observations | qa = quality assessment</li><li>Spatial support: 1km</li><li>Depth reference: s = surface</li><li>Time reference begin time: 20180101 = 2018-01-01</li><li>Time reference end time: 20201231 = 2020-12-31</li><li>Bounding box: go = global (without Antarctica)</li><li>EPSG code: epsg.4326 = EPSG:4326</li><li>Version code: v20230619 = 2023-06-19 (creation date)</li></ol>
MODIS MCD12Q1 Land Cover and Land Use Time Series Global Mosaics 2001-2022 (500 m)
<p><strong>General Description</strong></p> <p>The yearly land use and land cover dataset is derived from <a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD12Q1"><abbr title="MCD12Q1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m">MCD12Q1 v061</abbr></a>. This data provides an yearly mosaics of land use and land cover data from 2001 to 2022 in cloud optimized Geotiff (COG) format. This dataset includes layers of land cover type 1 (t1), 2 (t2), and 5 (t5), land cover property 1 (p1) and 2 (p2), land cover property assessment 1 (p1a) and 2 (p2a), and land cover quality control (qc). </p> <p><strong>Data Details</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Time period:</strong> 2001–2022</li> <li><strong>Type of data:</strong> Land cover and land use</li> <li><strong>How the data was collected or derived:</strong> Derived from MCD12Q1 v061 using <a href="https://earthengine.google.com">Google Earth Engine</a>.</li> <li><strong>Statistical methods used:</strong> None</li> <li><strong>Limitations or exclusions in the data:</strong> The dataset does not include data for Antarctica.</li> <li><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> EPSG:4326</li> <li><strong>Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax):</strong> (-180.00000, -62.00081, 179.99994, 87.37000)</li> <li><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 1/120 d.d. = 0.008333333 (1km)</li> <li><strong>Image size:</strong> 86,400 x 35,849</li> <li><strong>File format:</strong> Cloud optimized Geotiff.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Support</strong></p> <p>If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:</p> <ul> <li>Technical issues and questions about the code: <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/issues">GitLab Issues</a></li> <li>General questions and comments: <a href="https://disqus.com/home/forums/landgis">LandGIS Forum</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Name convention</strong></p> <p>To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are: </p> <ol> <li>generic variable name: lc = Land cover</li> <li>variable procedure combination: mcd12q1v061.t1 = MCD12Q1 v061 LC Type1 band</li> <li>Position in the probability distribution / variable type: c = class | p = probability</li> <li>Spatial support: 500m</li> <li>Depth reference: s = surface</li> <li>Time reference begin time: 20010101 = 2001-01-01</li> <li>Time reference end time: 20011231 = 2001-12-31</li> <li>Bounding box: go = global (without Antarctica)</li> <li>EPSG code: epsg.4326 = EPSG:4326</li> <li>Version code: v20230818 = creation date</li> </ol>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.