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Fig. 11 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 11. Partial right mandible of the chalicothere Tylocephalonyx (UNSM 44800) with m3 and partial m2, lingual view, Carpenter Ranch Formation, from the south escarpment of Deahl Butte, Goshen County, Wyoming. Note distinct m3 metastylid.

Fig. 18 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 18. Chalicothere left distal humerus (UNSM 44826) scavenged by a large entelodont, showing bite marks on both (A) anterior and (B) posterior surfaces of the bone, Lay Ranch beds (a paleovalley fill within the Anderson Ranch Formation, latest Arikareean), east side of Spoon Butte, 500 ft west of the WyomingNebraska state boundary, Goshen County, Wyoming. Arrows mark the principal percussion fractures.

Fig. 14 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 14. Distal chalicothere femur (UNSM 44806) in posterior view, referred to Tylocephalonyx, Carpenter Ranch Formation, Childers Butte, Goshen County, Wyoming. A circular percussion fracture (at the arrow) produced by the premolar of a large entelodont suggests postmortem scavenging of the chalicothere carcass. No other mammal identified in early Hemingfordian faunas can have made these circular bite marks.

Fig. 13 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 13. Cranial dome of the chalicothere Tylocephalonyx (UNSM 44801), internal surface of the dome showing the welldeveloped compartmentalized architecture, Carpenter Ranch Formation, Deahl Butte, Goshen County, Wyoming (presumed anterior face to right, dorsal upward).

Fig. 17 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 17. Detail of the internal compartmentalized architecture of the cranial dome of Tylocephalonyx (UNSM 44801), Deahl Butte, Carpenter Ranch Formation, Goshen County, Wyoming. A, Enlarged view of the sinus compartments showing the smooth unbroken edges of septa in the central part of the dome; B, Stereopair of the dome interior shown in A. Finest divisions of scale in B in mm.

Fig. 21 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 21. Right maxilla of the moschid Pseudoblastomeryx (UNSM 44821) with M1–3, Cow Trail Notch local fauna, Carpenter Ranch Formation, East Sturdivant Butte, Sioux County, Nebraska. Stereopair. Scale bar, 1 cm.

Fig. 22 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 22. Left mandible of the amphicyonid Daphoenodon (UNSM 44815) with m1–3, partial p4, Merycochoerus Butte, Carpenter Ranch Formation, Goshen County, Wyoming. Scale bar, 1 cm.

Fig. 8 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 8. Measured reference section of the Carpenter Ranch Formation at Merycochoerus Butte, Goshen County, Wyoming. The large oreodont Merycochoerus magnus was found at both low and high stratigraphic levels in Carpenter Ranch sediments filling a deeply incised early Hemingfordian paleovalley cut into the Brule Formation. Lithic symbols as in fig. 9.

Fig. 20 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 20. Right mandible of a juvenile dromomerycid Aletomeryx gracilis (UNSM 44820) with dp4 and m1, Cow Trail Notch local fauna, Carpenter Ranch Formation, East Sturdivant Butte, Sioux County, Nebraska. Stereopair. Scale bar, 1 cm.

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FIG. 1 in The position of Akkașdağı mammal locality in the neo-tectonic framework of Çankırı basin, Turkey

FIG. 1. — Location of Akkasdağı area in the neo-tectonic framework of Central Anatolia. Abbreviations: IZ, Istanbul Zone; SC, Sakarya Continent; KB, Kırsehir Block (Okay & Tüysüz 1999).

Fig. 24 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 24. Interpretive restoration of sinuous westtoeast trend of the Carpenter Ranch paleochannel axis incised into rocks of the White River Group, Goshen County, Wyoming, and Sioux County, Nebraska. Inset illustrates a typical northwesttosoutheast crosssection of the paleochannel from Duncan Buttes to Merycochoerus Butte.

Fig. 26 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 26. Trend of early Miocene paleovalleys of early Hemingfordian age east of the Rocky Mountain Front Range and Laramie Mountains in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. Oldest mammal faunas in the valley fills document the initiation of regional uplift at;18.2–18.8 Ma. 1, Carpenter Ranch Runningwater paleovalley; 2, Martin Canyon paleovalley; 3, Troublesome Formation basinfill, Middle Park, Colorado.

Fig. 25 in An Early Miocene Dome-Skulled Chalicothere from the ''Arikaree'' Conglomerates of Darton: Calibrating the Ages of High Plains Paleovalleys Against Rocky Mountain Tectonism

Fig. 25. Alignment of the Carpenter Ranch and Runningwater paleovalley systems in southeastern Wyoming and western Nebraska. Fossil mammals in these early Miocene fluvial sediments indicate an early Hemingfordian age.

Fig. 11 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 11. (a) The main axes of Quaternary tectonics in Brazil (gray lines) (according to Saadi, 1993) and areas of coincident distributional rages of several species in both isolated coastal rivers and adjacent drainages. (b) The northeastern margin of Brazil, including the Parnaíba, São Francisco and adjacent coastal rivers (c) The Southern most Brazil, encompassing the Uruguay and surroundings coastal rivers as well as the headwaters of the Paranapanema, Ivaí, Iguacú and Ribeira de Iguape. (d) The area encompassed by the CRSB, in southeastern Brazil, including the coastal rivers and the adjacent upper Tietê and upper Iguaçu.

Fig. 4 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 4. Geographic location of the Brazilian Atlantic continental margin and of the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil (shaded area) and areas showed in figures 6, 7 and 8 (modified from Hearn et al., 2000).

Fig. 9 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 9. Cladograms of taxa and areas showing the sister-group relationships included in Pattern A. a) Catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. b) Catfishes of the family Doradidae. The degree of inclusiveness of this pattern suggests the most ancient cladogenetic event that is still recognized in respect to the ichthyofauna of the Brazilian coastal rivers.

Fig. 7 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 7. (a) Map of northeastern segment of Southeastern Brazilian coast showing the complex system of Pre-Cambrian and Mesozoic continental rifts controlling drainage and topography. (b) Detail of the straight course of the rio Paraíba do Sul Rift Valley produced from a digital elevation model by radar interferometry (NASA, The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission).

Fig. 3 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 3. Rivers and uplifts of Atlantic South America. A) break-up uplifts (megadomes) and associated principal rifts. Megadomes: Guyana/Guinea (1), NE Brazil/Niger (2), Mantiqueira/Angola (3), Uruguay/SW Africa (4), Somuncurá (5) and Deseado (6). Break-up rifts: Tacutu (I), Foz do Amazonas (II), Reconcavo Tucano-Jatobá (III) and Taubaté (IV). B) detail of the uplift from the Southeastern Brazil (from Cox, 1989 and Potter, 1997).

Fig. 2 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 2. The South American Plate and its major tectono-sedimentary domains (from Milani & Thomaz-Filho, 2000).