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793 results for “Test effectiveness”
Soil ecotoxicology needs robust biomarkers – a meta-analysis approach to test the robustness of gene expression-based biomarkers for measuring chemical exposure effects in soil invertebrates
<p>Gene expression-based biomarkers are regularly proposed as rapid, sensitive and mechanistically informative tools to identify whether soil invertebrates are experiencing adverse effects due to chemical exposure. However, before biomarkers could be deployed within diagnostic studies, systematic evidence of the robustness of such biomarkers to detect effects is needed. Here, we present an approach for conducting a systematic meta-analysis of the robustness of gene expression-based biomarkers in soil invertebrates.</p> <p>The approach was developed and trialled for two measurements of gene expression commonly proposed as biomarkers in soil ecotoxicology: metallothionein (MT) gene expression in earthworms for metals and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression in earthworms for organic chemicals. From a systematic analysis of the published literature, we collected 294 unique gene expression data points and used linear mixed-effect models to assess concentration, exposure duration and species effects on the quantified response.</p> <p>This database provided contains gene-expression data from publications that have used gene expression-based biomakers to study effects of chemical pollutants on soil invertebrates. R scripts are provided that were used to study the patterns of gene expression as reported in accompanying publication. </p> <p>We encourage colleagues in the field to apply this approach to other biomarkers, as such quantitative assessment is a prerequisite to ensuring that the suitability and limitations of proposed biomarkers are known and stated.</p>
Training and test data, plus saved models for the paper "Top-down effects in an early visual cortex inspired hierarchical Variational Autoencoder" submitted to the SVRHM 2022 Workshop @ NeurIPS
<p>Each .pkl file contains a training or test dataset in the form of a Python dictionary (generated with Python 3.8.5) with the following fields:</p><ul><li>'train_images': 640,000 float32 images used for model training. 20px images contain 400 pixel intensities, 40px images contain 1600 pixel intensities each.</li><li>'train_labels': float32 labels for each image in 'train_images'. All natural images are labeled with 0.0. Texture images are labeled with 0.0, 1,0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0, according to their texture family.</li><li>'test_images': 64,000 float32 images used for model testing. 20px images contain 400 pixel intensities, 40px images contain 1600 pixel intensities each.</li><li>'test_labels': float32 labels for each image in 'test_images'. All natural images are labeled with 0.0. Texture images are labeled with 0.0, 1,0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0, according to their texture family.</li></ul><p>Each .zip file contains a saved model. Details on these are coming soon.</p><p>For more details, see the paper "Top-down effects in an early visual cortex inspired hierarchical Variational Autoencoder" published at the SVRHM 2022 Workshop @ NeurIPS (<a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=8dfboOQfYt3">link</a>).</p>
Dataset, test programs and analysis scripts for the related paper "Effects of reverberation on speech intelligibility in noise for hearing-impaired listeners"
<p>This dataset contains the data, test programs and analyses scripts used for a study submitted as a stage 2 registered report for Royal Society Open Science.</p>
Cloud computing is one of the most popular and sophisticated technologies adopted by organizations worldwide. Some world-leading organizations enhance their efficiency and effectiveness by using cloud computing technology. Working from home (WFH) has been a popular trend among organizations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 saw a breakthrough in work cultures and environments where working from home was a remarkable success in remote working environments, despite being a rare phenomenon in Sri Lanka. Yet, it is argued that the deployment of work from home has not been effective among Sri Lankan business organizations due to a lack of IT infrastructure, facilities, and knowledge. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of cloud computing, embracing the service models (Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service) as theoretical lenses and testing the COVID-19 as the moderator. The study has been conducted based on a deductive approach and adopted a stratified random sampling method. The sample consisted of 384 IT employees among those who had experienced working from home. The study utilized multiple regression and found that cloud computing service models significantly impact work from home with the moderating effect of COVID-19.
<p>Cloud computing is one of the most popular and sophisticated technologies adopted by organizations worldwide. Some world-leading organizations enhance their efficiency and effectiveness by using cloud computing technology. Working from home (WFH) has been a popular trend among organizations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 saw a breakthrough in work cultures and environments where working from home was a remarkable success in remote working environments, despite being a rare phenomenon in Sri Lanka. Yet, it is argued that the deployment of work from home has not been effective among Sri Lankan business organizations due to a lack of IT infrastructure, facilities, and knowledge. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of cloud computing, embracing the service models (Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service) as theoretical lenses and testing the COVID-19 as the moderator. The study has been conducted based on a deductive approach and adopted a stratified random sampling method. The sample consisted of 384 IT employees among those who had experienced working from home. The study utilized multiple regression and found that cloud computing service models significantly impact work from home with the moderating effect of COVID-19.</p>
Data from: Testing frameworks for early life effects: The developmental constraints and adaptive response hypotheses do not explain key fertility outcomes in wild female baboons
<p>In evolutionary ecology, two classes of explanations are frequently invoked to explain "early life effects" on adult outcomes. Developmental constraints (DC) explanations contend that costs of early adversity arise from limitations adversity places on optimal development. Adaptive response (AR) hypotheses propose that later life outcomes will be worse when early and adult environments are poorly "matched." Here, we use recently proposed mathematical definitions for these hypotheses and a quadratic-regression based approach to test the long-term consequences of variation in developmental environments on fertility in wild baboons. We evaluate whether low rainfall and/or dominance rank during development predict three female fertility measures in adulthood, and whether any observed relationships are consistent with DC and/or AR. Neither rainfall during development nor the difference between rainfall in development and adulthood predicted any fertility measures. Females who were low-ranking during development had an elevated risk of losing infants later in life, and greater change in rank between development and adulthood predicted greater risk of infant loss. However, both effects were statistically marginal and consistent with alternative explanations, including adult environmental quality effects. Consequently, our data do not provide compelling support for either of these common explanations for the evolution of early life effects.</p>
Data for "Testing for variation in photoperiodic plasticity in a butterfly: inconsistent effects of circadian genes between geographic scales" (Ecology and Evolution, accepted manuscript)
<p>Raw data and analysis scripts belonging to <em>Testing for variation in photoperiodic plasticity in a butterfly: inconsistent effects of circadian genes between geographic scales</em> (Ecology and Evolution, accepted manuscript).</p> <p>Includes data from a photoperiodic assay with larvae of the speckled wood butterfly, <em>Pararge aegeria</em>, as well as a small bioinformatic analysis of SNP variation in two circadian candidate genes.</p> <p>List of files:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>statistics_and_figures.R</td> <td>Statistical analysis of phenotyping experiment; drawing figures</td> </tr> <tr> <td>variant_calling.sh</td> <td>Shell script for mapping sequencing reads; calling and tabulating SNPs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>experiment_diapause.txt</td> <td>Data from phenotyping experiment, for analysis of diapause induction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>experiment_larval</td> <td>Data from phenotyping experiment, for analysis of larval development</td> </tr> <tr> <td>snptable_timeless</td> <td>Tabulated allele frequencies for exonic SNPs in timeless</td> </tr> <tr> <td>snptable_period</td> <td>Tabulated allele frequencies for exonic SNPs in period</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
FIGURE 4 in The effects of lithification on fossil assemblage biodiversity and composition: An experimental test
FIGURE 4. Rank abundance plots for the Bermont (A) and Fort Thompson (B) samples.
AA5086 tensile tests with Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect, complete raw dataset: DIC images, raw output and elements of post-processing
<p><em>This dataset is associated with a paper published in Materials Science and Engineering: A.<br> DOI: </em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.009">10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.009</a></p> <p>Hardening and 2D digital image correlation data obtained on AA5086 sheets with Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect and Piobert-Lüder (PL) bands.</p> <ul> <li>rolled sheets</li> <li>28 tensile tests in rolling direction, room temperature</li> <li>constant imposed velocity with nominal strain rate from 1E-4 to 1E-1 Hz</li> <li>2 geometries: <ul> <li>(mac) large, Lw=60mm</li> <li>(mic or mes) small, Lw=4.2mm</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>File contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>summary of experiments <ul> <li>libreoffice database format: experiments-summary.ods</li> <li>specifications, details, measurements and post treated quantities of each test</li> </ul> </li> <li>specimens blueprints (.pdf)</li> <li>video record of a test (.mp4)</li> <li>raw DIC images archives <ul> <li>format: <nominalStrainRate><geometry><index>.zip</li> <li>from 300 to 2300 images per test</li> </ul> </li> <li>time series <ul> <li>archived in timeSeries.zip</li> <li>format: <nominalStrainRate><geometry><index>_timeSeries.dat</li> <li>tabulation separated values, one line per picture (previous item)</li> <li>index, force, cross-head displacement, Stress, axial strain</li> </ul> </li> <li>bands kinetics post-treated quantities <ul> <li>archived in bandKinetics.zip, 2 TSV data files (one per geometry)</li> <li>stress at nucleation, strain magnitude jump and instantaneous working area relative elongation rate.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
The Effects of Computational Resources on Flaky Tests (Artifact)
<p>This artifact contains resources for reproducing and extending the work "The Effects of Computational Resources on Flaky Tests"</p><p>Contents:</p><ul><li> Analysis and Processed Test Results.tgz: An archive that contains information about the projects analyzed, summarized test results per-throttling configuration per-run, and a Jupyter notebook that detects RAFT (generating all tables and figures in the article). A README in this archive provides further guidance on its contents</li><li>js-results.tar, java-results.tar, python-results.tar: The raw results produced by the test runner when executing each JavaScript, Java and Python project 300 times in each of the throttling configurations.</li></ul><p>See also:</p><p>We have published docker containers that include each project that we studied, along with all of the dependenices for running the tests. These containers can be used to reproduce our results, or to extend our work by running additional tests. The containers are available at <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/jonbell/raft/tags">https://hub.docker.com/r/jonbell/raft/tags</a></p>
Single species acute lethal toxicity tests are not predictive of relative population, community and ecosystem effects of two salinity types
<p>Human mediated salinity increases are occurring in freshwaters globally, with consequent negative effects on freshwater biodiversity. Salinity comprises multiple anions and cations. While total concentrations are typically used to infer effects, individual ion concentrations and ion ratios are critical in determining effects. Moreover, estimates of toxicity from single species laboratory tests, may not accurately predict relative effects on populations, communities and ecosystems. Here we compare salinity increases from synthetic marine salts (SMS) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in an outdoor mesocosm experiment in south-eastern Australia. We found different effects of salt types on stream macroinvertebrates at the population, community, and ecosystem function levels, where similar effects were predicted from single species laboratory tests. Our results caution against the use of single species laboratory derived toxicological data to predict both environmentally safe salinity levels and the relative effects of different salt sources on freshwater biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Computer-aided X-ray screening for tuberculosis and HIV testing among adults with cough in Malawi (the PROSPECT study): a randomized trial and cost-effectiveness analysis
<p>Suboptimal tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and HIV contribute to the high global burden of TB. We investigated costs and yield from systematic HIV-TB screening, including computer-aided digital chest X-ray (DCXR-CAD). Suboptimal tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and HIV contribute to the high global burden of TB. We investigated costs and yield from systematic HIV-TB screening, including computer-aided digital chest X-ray (DCXR-CAD).</p> <p>In this open, three-arm randomised trial, adults (≥18 years) with cough attending acute primary services in Malawi were randomised (1:1:1) to standard-of-care (SOC); oral HIV testing (HIV screening) and linkage to care; or HIV testing and linkage to care plus DCXR-CAD with sputum Xpert for high CAD4TBv5 scores (HIV-TB screening). Participants and study staff were not blinded to intervention allocation, but investigator blinding was maintained until final analysis. The primary outcome was time to TB treatment. Secondary outcomes included proportion with same-day TB treatment; prevalence of undiagnosed/untreated bacteriologically-confirmed TB on day 56; and undiagnosed/untreated HIV. Analysis was done on an intention to treat basis. Cost-effectiveness analysis used a health-provider perspective. Between 15/11/2018-27/11/2019, 8236 were screened for eligibility, with 473, 492, and 497 randomly allocated to SOC, HIV, and HIV-TB screening arms; 53 (11%), 52 (9%), and 47 (9%) were lost to follow-up, respectively. At 56 days, TB treatment had been started in 5 (1.1%) SOC, 8 (1.6%) HIV-screening, and 15 (3.0%) HIV-TB screening participants. Median (IQR) time to TB treatment was 11 (6.5-38), 6 (1-22) and 1 (0-3) days (hazard ratio for HIV-TB vs. SOC: 2.86, 1.04-7.87), with same-day treatment of 0/5 (0%) SOC, 1/8 (12.5%) HIV, and 6/15 (40.0%) HIV-TB screening arm TB patients (p=0.03). At day 56, 2 SOC (0.5%), 4 HIV (1.0%), and 2 HIV-TB (0.5%) participants had undiagnosed microbiologically-confirmed TB. HIV screening reduced the proportion with undiagnosed or untreated HIV from 10 (2.7%) in the SOC arm to 2 (0.5%) in the HIV-screening arm (risk ratio [RR]: 0.18, 0.04-0.83), and 1 (0.2%) in the HIV-TB screening arm (RR: 0.09, 0.01-0.71). Incremental costs were US$3.58 and US$19.92 per participant screened for HIV and HIV-TB; the probability of cost-effectiveness at a US$1200/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) threshold were 83.9% and 0%. Main limitations were the lower than anticipated prevalence of tuberculosis and short participant follow-up period; cost and quality of life benefits of this screening approach may accrue over a longer time horizon.</p> <p>DCXR-CAD with universal HIV screening significantly increased the timeliness and completeness of HIV and TB diagnosis. If implemented at scale this has potential to rapidly and efficiently improve TB and HIV diagnosis and treatment.</p>
Can behavior and physiology mitigate effects of warming on ectotherms? A test in urban ants
<p>1. Global climate change is expected to have pervasive effects on the diversity and distribution of species, particularly ectotherms whose body temperatures depend on environmental temperatures. However, these impacts remain difficult to predict, in part because ectotherms may adapt or acclimate to novel conditions or may use behavioral thermoregulation to reduce their exposure to stressful microclimates.</p> <p>2. Here we examine the potential for physiological and behavioral changes to mitigate effects of environmental warming on five species of ants in a temperate forest habitat subject to urban warming.</p> <p>3. We worked in eight urban and eight non-urban forest sites in North Carolina, USA; sites experienced a 1.1°C range of mean summer air temperatures. At each site, we documented species-specific microclimates (ant operative temperatures, T<sub>e</sub>) and ant activity on a transect of 14 bait stations at three times of day. In the laboratory, we measured upper thermal tolerance (CT<sub>max</sub>) and thermal preference (T<sub>pref</sub>) for each focal species. We then asked whether thermal traits shifted at hotter sites, and whether ants avoided non-preferred microclimates in the field.</p> <p>4. CTmax and T<sub>pref</sub> did not increase at warmer sites, indicating that these populations did not adapt or acclimate to urban warming. Consistent with behavioral thermoregulation, four of the five species were less likely to occupy baits where T<sub>e</sub> departed from T<sub>pref</sub>. Apparent thermoregulation resulted from fixed diel activity patterns that helped ants avoid the most inappropriate temperatures but did not compensate for daily or spatial temperature variation: Hotter sites had hotter ants.</p> <p>5. This study uses a novel approach to detect behavioral thermoregulation and sublethal warming in foraging insects. The results suggest that adaptation and behavior may not protect common temperate forest ants from a warming climate, and highlight the need to evaluate effects of chronic, sublethal warming on small ectotherms.</p>
Rocking math at school with hypnosis: Effective reduction of math test anxiety with an audio hypnosis intervention in a school setting
<p>Math as a school subject causes anxiety in many students. Previous results show that male and female students do not differ in their math performance. However, female students are more affected by math anxiety than male students, so that they might hesitate pursuing STEM careers. Actively<br> addressing math anxiety requires an intervention that reduces anxiety, changes attitude, and provides positive experiences. Hypnosis interventions are particularly suitable for this. Therefore, we developed a 30-minutes audio-hypnosis intervention and tested its effectiveness in this study. We randomly assigned students into an intervention group (N = 29) and a control group (N = 38). All students performed two real math tests at school. The intervention group listened at least once to the hypnosis audio intervention between both math tests. Immediately before each math test, we assessed state-math anxiety (measured with STAI-S). To investigate performance differences, we<br> analyzed students’ math performance scores in both math tests. Our results show that the hypnosis intervention led to a significant reduction in state-math anxiety, t(28) = 2.42, p = .022, Cohen`s dz = 0.45. Math performance did not differ significantly between math tests in the intervention group. Female students generally had higher trait math anxiety (as measured by SIMA scale) and showed a greater reduction in state math anxiety due to the hypnosis intervention, t(18) = 2.86, p = .010, Cohen`s dz = 0.66, compared to male students. It is possible that reduced state math anxiety could result in improved math performance in the long run. Overall, we conclude that our hypnosis intervention reduces math anxiety, especially in female students. Therefore, it is a promising method to promote especially females at an early point in their career and encourage them to choose STEM pathways. The final goal would be to establish hypnosis-based interventions at school encouraging students to activate their resources and develop their potential in all fields.</p>
Using inbreeding to test the contribution of non-additive genetic effects to additive genetic variance: A case study in Drosophila serrata
<p>Additive genetic variance, <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, is the key parameter for predicting adaptive and neutral phenotypic evolution. Changes in demography (e.g., increased close-relative inbreeding) can alter <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, but how depends on the, typically unknown, gene action and allele frequencies across many loci. For example, <em>V<sub>A</sub></em> increases proportionally with the inbreeding coefficient when allelic effects are additive, but larger (or smaller) increases can occur when allele frequencies are unequal at causal loci with dominance effects. Here, we describe an experimental approach to assess the potential for rare, recessive alleles to inflate <em>V<sub>A</sub></em> under inbreeding. Applying a powerful paired pedigree design in <em>Drosophila serrata</em>, we measured 11 wing traits on half-sibling families bred via either random or sibling mating, differing only in homozygosity (not allele frequency). Despite close inbreeding and substantial power to detect small <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, we detected no deviation from the expected additive effect of inbreeding on genetic (co)variances. Our results suggest the average dominance coefficient is very small relative to the additive effect, or that allele frequencies are relatively equal at loci affecting wing traits. We outline the further opportunities for this paired pedigree approach to reveal the characteristics of <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, providing insight into historical selection and future evolutionary potential.</p>
Datasets-Effects of the test aerosol on the performance of periodic technical inspection particle counters
<p>Datasets related to the peer-reviewed publication "Effects of the test aerosol on the performance of periodic technical<br> inspection particle counters" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106182">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106182</a>)</p>
Trans-eQTL effects on risk of type 1 diabetes: a test of the sparse effector (omnigenic) hypothesis of complex trait genetics (supplementary data)
<p>This repository contains summary-level data generated by performing <a href="https://github.com/molepi-precmed/trans-qtls">Genomewide aggregated trans- effects (GATE) analysis</a> in case-control study of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).</p>
On the importance of additional behavioral observation in behavioral psychopharmacology research: a case study on agomelatine's effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning test in rats (data&code)
<p>Dataset to the manuscript entitled: On the importance of additional behavioral observation in behavioral psychopharmacology research: a case study on agomelatine's effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning test in rats. Code in R used for analysis data from probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) test performed in operant conditioning boxes. Script analyzes data files from MED-PC IV software.</p>
Study to Evaluate the Effect of 2 Dosage Strengths of Lemborexant (E2006) on a Multiple Sleep Latency Test in Participants With Insomnia Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02350309. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Testing the Effectiveness of Night Shift, a Theory-based Customized Video Game
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06063434. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Test of the Safety, Effectiveness, & Acceptability of An Improvised Dressing for Sickle Cell Leg Ulcers in the Tropics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04479618. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.