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52 results for “Therapsida”
Figure 3. Permo-Triassic dicynodont bone histology. A, subadult Cistecephalus ulna NMQR1465b in Do extraordinarily high growth rates in Permo-Triassic dicynodonts (Therapsida, Anomodontia) explain their success before and after the end-Permian extinction?
Figure 3. Permo-Triassic dicynodont bone histology. A, subadult Cistecephalus ulna NMQR1465b; B, early subadult Dicynodontoides tibia NMQR479a; C, adult Rhachiocephalus ulna SAM-PK-3714a; D, subadult Tropidostoma tibia SAM-PK-K9960c; E, adult Oudenodon femur SAM-PK-K4807a; F, adult Aulacephalodon femur NMQR3016. Arrows indicate enlarged midcortical channels in Rhachiocephalus and Aulacephalodon. Scale bars: A, D, E = 500 mm; B, C, F = 413 mm.
Data from: Anatomy and relationships of the South African gorgonopsian Arctops (Therapsida, Theriodontia)
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Data from: A new species of burnetiid (Therapsida, Burnetiamorpha) from the early Wuchiapingian of South Africa and implications for the evolutionary ecology of the family Burnetiidae.
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Data from: Diversity patterns of non-mammalian cynodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida) and the impact of taxonomic practice and research history on diversity estimates
Non-mammalian cynodonts represent a speciose and ecologically diverse group with a fossil record stretching from the late Permian until the Cretaceous. Because of their role as major components of Triassic terrestrial ecosystems and as the direct ancestors of mammals, cynodonts are an important group for understanding Mesozoic tetrapod diversity. We examine patterns of non-mammalian cynodont species richness and the quality of their fossil record. A supertree of cynodonts is constructed from recently published trees and time-calibrated using a Bayesian approach. While this approach pushes the root of Cynodontia back to the earliest Guadalupian, the origins of Cynognathia and Probainognathia are close to their first appearance in the fossil record. Taxic, subsampled and phylogenetic diversity estimates support a major cynodont radiation following the end-Permian mass extinction, but conflicting signals are observed at the end of the Triassic. The taxic diversity estimate shows high diversity in the Rhaetian and a drop across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary, while the phylogenetic diversity indicates an earlier extinction between the Norian and Rhaetian. The difference is attributed to the prevalence of taxa based solely on teeth in the Rhaetian, which are not included in the phylogenetic diversity estimate. Examining the completeness of cynodont specimens through geological time does not support a decrease in preservation potential; although the median completeness score decreases in the Late Triassic, the range of values remains consistent. Instead, the poor completeness scores are attributed to a shift in sampling and taxonomic practices: an increased prevalence in microvertebrate sampling and the naming of fragmentary material.
Data from: Revision of the first therocephalian, Theriognathus Owen (Therapsida: Whaitsiidae), and implications for cranial ontogeny and allometry in nonmammaliaform eutheriodonts
Historically, the whaitsiid therocephalian Theriognathus Owen was one of the earliest described nonmammalian therapsids, its morphology helping to link phylogenetically the Paleozoic synapsids of North America and southern Africa to their mammalian successors. However, decades of taxonomic over-splitting and superficial descriptions obscured the morphologic diversity of the genus, hindering its utility as a study system for the evolution of synapsid cranial function as well as its biostratigraphic significance in the Late Permian of southern Africa. Here, we revise the status and provenance of all the known specimens of Theriognathus from South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia. We present both qualitative and quantitative support for the presence of a single morphospecies as proposed by some authors. Proportional differences in skulls that were previously ascribed to different morphotypes ('Aneugomphius,' 'Notosollasia,' 'Moschorhynchus,' and 'Whaitsia') are largely size-related and allometric trends are considered here in the context of jaw function and prey prehension. Our results suggest that the single species, Theriognathus microps, represented one of the most abundant Late Permian therocephalians in southern Africa and is consequently a potentially useful biostratigraphic marker for the upper Cistecephalus-lower Dicynodon Assemblage Zone transition (i.e., late Wuchiapingian). The wide range of preserved sizes in conjunction with recent paleohistological evidence supports that individuals spent much of their lives in an actively-growing, subadult phase. Later Dicynodon Assemblage Zone records (e.g., upper Balfour Formation) are unconfirmed as the genus was likely replaced by other theriodont predators (e.g., Moschorhinus) leading up to the Permo-Triassic boundary in the Karoo Basin of South Africa.
Fig. 7 in A New Nonmammalian Eucynodont (Synapsida: Therapsida) from the Triassic of Northern Gansu Province, China, and its Biostratigraphic and Biogeographic Implications
Fig. 7. Phylogenetic relationships of trirachodontid eucynodonts within Gomphodontia resulted from analysis of the revised dataset: A, Strict consensus of 67 MPTs (TL5 127 steps, CI 5 0.520, RI 5 0.712, RC 5 0.37). B, 50% majority-rule consensus of the 67 MPTs; note the grouping of the Trirachodontinae with the Sinognathinae in the family Trirachodontidae gains a 58% support.
Fig. 1 in A New Nonmammalian Eucynodont (Synapsida: Therapsida) from the Triassic of Northern Gansu Province, China, and its Biostratigraphic and Biogeographic Implications
Fig. 1. Map of China (above) showing the geographic location of the fossil locality in the Beishan Hills, northern Gansu Province, in relation to the Wuxiang locality in the Shaanganning Basin. Satellite photo of the Beishan area (below); the white arrow points to the type locality (41°5697390N/96°3290230E) in the Beishan Hills (satellite image from Google.com).
Data from: Diversity patterns of non-mammalian cynodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida) and the impact of taxonomic practice and research history on diversity estimates
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Data from: Revision of the first therocephalian, Theriognathus Owen (Therapsida: Whaitsiidae), and implications for cranial ontogeny and allometry in nonmammaliaform eutheriodonts
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Figure 5 in Do extraordinarily high growth rates in Permo-Triassic dicynodonts (Therapsida, Anomodontia) explain their success before and after the end-Permian extinction?
Figure 5. Phylogenetic distribution of mean channel density and enlarged vascular channels amongst therapsids. Mean channel density optimized using squared-change parsimony and equal branch lengths; enlarged vascular channels optimized using parsimony. Topology modified from Angielczyk (2007), Botha, Abdala & Smith (2007), Fröbisch (2007), and Liu, Li & Cheng (2002), Higher level taxonomy of anomodonts follows Kammerer & Angielczyk (2009).
Figure 2. Permian dicynodont bone histology. A in Do extraordinarily high growth rates in Permo-Triassic dicynodonts (Therapsida, Anomodontia) explain their success before and after the end-Permian extinction?
Figure 2. Permian dicynodont bone histology. A, adult Galeops humerus SAM-PK-12261a; B, early subadult Eodicynodon femur NMQR2996a; C, late subadult Eodicynodon femur NMQR3153a; D, late subadult Diictodon SAM-PK-K7725; E, subadult Endothiodon tibia SAM-PK-5605c; F, adult Endothiodon humerus SAM-PK-K6618a. Arrows indicate enlarged midcortical channels. Enlarged channels are absent in Galeops, Diictodon, and Endothiodon. However, subadult Endothiodon reveals rapid, sustained growth with an average channel area of 13%. Scale bars: B, C = 500 mm; A, D, E, F = 413 mm.
Supporting data for: "Diversity dynamics of Therapsida (Synapsida) from the Permian to the Jurassic" submitted for Masters in Science at São Paulo University
<p>Data supporting the MSc thesis"Diversity dynamics of Therapsida (Synapsida) from the Permian to the Jurassic". Thesis submitted for Masters in Science at São Paulo University. The archives contain 4 documents (Additional files 1, 2, 3 and 4):</p> <ul> <li>Additional files 1 (Therapsida_occurrences_data): Supporting data, including information on (1) Therapsida occurrences at a species and genus-specific level, (2) references por each occurrence data and (3) FAD and LAD corresponding information with their respective time bin used in the sensitive analyses.</li> <li>Additional files 2 (Therapsida_results_temp_carbon): Therapsida correlation with abiotic factors ( δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C ) results, incluind AIC values for determing the best regression model.</li> <li>Additional file 3 (Script_Therapsida) : Folder containing R functions and data for running an example script of our sensitive analyses.</li> <li>Additional file 4 ( therapsida_data_RScript): Folder containing therapsids occurrence data for running an example script of our sensitive analyses.</li> </ul>
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OpenNeuro
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